arrHitInfo=new Array("±10,17,5","±30,17,3","×lc,22,2","°c,19,1,20,2,49,2","µm,17,4,24,2,32,2","00,17,3,21,164,22,1,25,8,26,15,30,5,34,7,35,1,37,34,38,4,40,36,41,25,42,49,44,1,45,4,47,1,48,25","00×,17,6","000,16,1,18,3,22,1,30,5,34,6,36,1,38,5,39,1,41,13,42,5,43,2,44,1,46,4,47,1,48,13,50,1","0000,34,2","00000,34,2","000026872,18,3","0001678,18,1","00016781,18,2","0002x,22,1","0003x,22,2","0005x,22,1","0006x,22,1","0007x,22,2","0009x,22,1","000oz,16,16","000t,16,8","001,4,8,20,1,21,1","0010,42,1","0013x,22,1","0015x,22,1","0018,42,1","0018x,22,1","0019x,22,1","001x,22,1","002,46,1","0021,22,1","0022x,22,1","0023,22,2","0023x,22,1","0026x,22,1","0028x,22,1","0029,42,1","002x,22,1","0030,22,1","0033,46,1","0034x,22,2","0037,22,1","0038,22,1","003x,22,1","004,46,1","0041,22,1","0042x,22,1","0044x,22,1","0046,22,1,46,1","0046ln,46,1","0051,22,1","0053,42,1","0054,22,1,42,1","0055,46,1","006,15,1,46,1","0061,46,1","0062,42,1","0075,46,1","0079,46,1","008,46,1","0089,42,1","0090,42,1","00am,45,3","00kpa,36,1","00mm,34,1","01,15,1,18,1,22,1,25,2,34,1,35,2,40,1","010,46,1","0107,50,1","012,46,1","0126,46,1","014,46,1","0143e,18,1","015,18,2,22,1","0152,46,1","0156,42,1","016,46,1","01870,15,1","0192,42,1","01942,15,1","02,18,2,19,2,21,1,22,1,24,1,25,2,32,1,35,2,37,2,40,2,42,2,44,1,47,1","020,44,3,47,3","0215,46,2","0234e,46,1","0250,35,1","0251,42,1","027,15,1,18,2","0282,35,1","02922,15,1","02ppm,20,1,21,1","03,25,1,37,1,40,1,42,1","0300,42,1","032,15,1","04,18,1,25,2,35,2,42,1,45,2","0412,2,1","0419,2,1","04x,22,1","05,21,13,22,2,25,1,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,42,4","06,25,2,35,2,41,2,42,1,48,2","0605,42,1","0643e,18,1","0646,22,1","068,19,2","07,19,4,22,10,25,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,45,1","071,2,1","0724,41,1,42,1,48,1","07x,22,3","07x2,22,3","08,18,1,25,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,43,1,45,1","09,15,6,17,8,25,2,37,2,40,4,42,2,43,1,45,1","0997x,46,1","0e,22,10","0km,43,25,44,17,47,17","0kpa,22,1,36,1,39,1","0m,30,4,31,3,33,3,38,4,46,1","0mm,34,1","0mt,16,1","1°c,49,1","10,15,3,16,27,17,11,18,37,19,18,20,25,21,11,22,21,23,1,24,3,25,17,26,9,27,3,29,6,28,1,30,15,31,4,32,3,33,2,34,6,35,5,36,1,37,14,38,8,39,1,40,15,41,8,42,17,43,46,44,33,45,12,46,31,47,28,48,7,49,3,50,5","100,16,6,17,7,18,12,19,2,20,5,21,23,22,24,24,5,25,2,26,8,27,1,29,2,30,3,32,5,33,1,34,2,35,1,36,1,37,2,38,2,39,1,40,2,41,1,42,2,43,3,44,2,45,2,46,2,47,2,48,1,49,6,50,1","1000,17,6,19,4,20,1,22,4,25,2,30,2,34,1,35,1,38,2,44,2,46,1,47,2,49,2","10000,34,1","100000,25,6","100kpa,18,1","100m,22,1,44,1,47,1","100m³,27,1,33,1","100mins,46,1","100mm,46,1","100th,21,1,24,1,32,1","101,45,1","10108,21,1","1012,21,1","102,17,1,21,1,42,1","1020,44,3,47,3","103,15,1","1031,21,1","104,16,1,18,2,21,1","1040,46,1","105,16,2,21,2,42,1,49,1","106,19,1","106°c,19,1","107,16,2,17,1,18,3,21,1","1075,49,1","108,17,1,18,2,19,1","109,21,2,30,1,37,1,40,1,42,1","10a,25,1","10b,25,1","10m,25,1,43,7,44,5,47,2","10m2,44,1,47,1","10m³,31,1,33,1","10ppm,20,2,24,1,32,1,46,1","10s,35,2","10usmvs,46,8,47,8,48,8","10x40,21,3","11,16,11,17,9,18,3,19,2,21,8,22,8,24,1,25,5,26,2,27,2,29,2,28,1,30,8,32,1,33,1,34,2,37,5,38,1,40,9,41,5,42,7,43,5,44,2,45,6,46,11,47,1,48,4,49,3,50,1","110,16,1,18,1,21,1,33,1","1100,45,1","111,39,1,44,1","1110,21,1","1112x,46,2","112,18,1,42,1","1120,46,3","113,21,1","114,20,1,21,1,44,2,47,2","1140,16,1","115,17,1,42,1","1150,16,1","116,37,8,40,9","117,17,1,42,1","117q,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","118,39,1,42,1","119,42,1,46,4","119°c,49,1","11mtpa,16,1","12,16,33,17,9,19,7,20,2,21,9,22,4,24,1,25,6,26,4,29,2,30,3,32,1,34,1,35,1,36,2,37,9,38,1,39,2,40,10,41,8,42,14,43,9,44,1,45,2,46,24,48,6,49,3,50,2","120,18,2,19,1,21,18,24,2,32,2,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,4,44,2,47,2,48,1,49,3","1200,49,1","121,20,1,21,1,25,1,29,1","1222,21,1","122oc,19,1","124,42,1","125,17,1,19,1,37,1,40,1,42,2,44,1","125°c,49,4","1250,17,3,21,2","126,15,1,17,1","1265ar,41,1,42,1,48,1","127,18,1,21,2,41,1,42,1,48,1","128,21,1,49,1","129,21,1","12m,43,1","13,16,12,17,5,18,2,19,1,20,1,21,20,22,4,23,1,25,6,26,1,27,1,29,3,30,6,33,1,35,2,38,6,40,5,41,6,42,6,43,6,44,1,46,7,48,4,49,2,50,1","130,16,1,18,4,19,2,21,2,49,1","1300,21,2","131,21,1,37,1,38,4,40,1","132,40,4,42,2","133,2,1,16,1,37,1,39,4,40,1","134,21,1","135,15,1,18,2,25,4,34,1","1350,21,5","136,21,1","13662,46,1","136p,17,1","1382,19,1","1393e,18,1","14,16,11,17,4,18,1,19,6,20,1,21,5,22,4,24,1,25,9,26,1,27,1,29,21,30,3,32,1,33,1,34,4,37,4,38,2,40,5,41,6,42,10,43,7,44,4,45,1,46,4,47,3,48,4,49,2,50,2","140,16,1,17,5,21,18,24,2,25,8,29,3,32,2,34,4,36,1,37,5,39,1,40,5,41,2,42,3,44,1,46,1,47,1,48,1","1400,16,1,21,5","1406,19,1","140k,17,1","140kpa,29,1","1426,42,1","142m³,36,2,39,1","143,21,1","1435,44,1,47,1","145,37,1,48,1","1450,21,5","146,44,2,47,2","147,21,1","147kw,36,1,39,1","148,21,1,24,1,26,1,32,1","149,17,2,19,1,21,1","14th,29,1","15,16,20,17,5,19,5,20,4,21,5,22,10,23,2,24,3,25,7,26,8,29,1,30,4,31,1,32,3,33,1,35,3,37,3,38,4,40,4,41,4,42,4,43,8,44,4,45,3,46,14,47,3,48,3,49,1","150,15,1,16,3,17,3,18,4,19,1,20,1,21,4,25,2,26,2,29,1,34,3,35,1,37,2,40,1,42,1,49,2","1500,17,8,21,5,24,1,32,1,46,1","15000,25,1,34,2","150000,25,6","150mm,25,1,34,1","151,19,1,21,1,36,1","154,19,1,37,2,40,2","155,16,1","1550,21,5","157,36,1","15c,20,2","15m,46,2","15m³,31,1,33,1","15ppm,46,5","16,16,7,17,3,19,4,21,5,22,1,23,1,25,4,26,1,27,4,29,1,30,6,31,2,33,4,38,4,40,3,41,3,42,3,43,11,44,5,45,2,46,8,47,3,48,4,50,1","160,16,1,21,18,24,2,25,1,26,1,32,2,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,44,1,47,1,48,1","1600,19,1,21,2","1607,44,1,47,1","162°c,49,1","163,17,1,37,1,40,1,42,1","1631a,37,1,40,1","1631ar,37,1,40,2,42,2","1631x,42,1","164,16,1,17,1,19,1","165,18,1","167,15,1","168,46,1","17,16,5,19,1,21,6,22,3,24,1,25,4,26,1,30,5,32,1,36,2,37,5,38,4,39,2,40,6,41,2,42,6,43,5,44,6,45,1,46,2,47,5,48,1,49,2","170,17,4,46,1","1700,46,1","1700kpa,32,1","171,46,1","172,42,1","175,32,1","1750,17,2","176,23,1","177,17,1","17760,46,1","17c,20,1","17th,35,1","18,8,1,16,8,17,2,19,3,20,1,21,6,22,3,24,1,25,5,26,2,29,1,30,3,32,1,35,1,37,2,38,1,40,2,41,1,42,3,43,5,44,2,46,5,47,1","­18,43,1","180,16,3,17,5,21,19,24,3,32,3,35,2,36,1,39,1,45,1,46,1,49,3","181,23,1","182,32,1","1825,49,1","185,16,1,23,1","186,17,1,37,1,40,1,42,1","1875,49,3","189,23,1","19,16,2,17,3,19,2,20,1,21,6,24,1,30,1,32,1,35,3,37,2,38,1,40,2,41,1,42,3,43,2,44,6,46,1,47,5,49,1,50,1","190,16,2,17,1,19,1","1900,46,1,49,1","191,17,4,18,2,50,1","1912,21,1","1912m,45,1","192,21,1","1929,19,5","193,23,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","1934,19,2","1935,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,2,48,2","1941,19,2","1942,19,2","1943,19,1","1944,19,1","195,15,1,23,1","1951,22,4","1956,45,2","1958,22,3","1960,22,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","1963,45,1","1964,19,2","1967,25,1","1968,23,2","1969,18,2,22,2,25,1,29,1","197,19,1","1974,19,2","1975,18,5","1976,45,15","1977,22,3","1978,15,2,23,3","1979,22,3,37,2,40,2","198,50,1","1980,16,2,17,2,19,2,20,1,22,2,23,4","1980s,16,3,35,1,38,1,43,1,50,1","1981,18,2,19,2,23,4,45,6","1982,17,2,18,3,19,7,22,2,23,2","1983,16,1,20,5,21,2,22,8,27,3,33,3","1984,44,4,47,4,49,4,50,4","1985,19,2,23,1,30,3,38,3,44,2,46,5,47,2,49,2,50,3","1986,17,2,23,2,30,2,38,2","1987,18,2,20,1,21,2,23,1,24,2,30,2,32,2,38,2,44,2,47,2,49,2,50,2","1988,13,1,17,2,19,2,20,1,23,8,26,2,28,1,30,2,35,1,38,2,44,4,47,4,49,4,50,4","1989,19,6,20,2,21,4,23,3,24,2,28,1,30,2,32,2,36,2,37,2,38,2,39,2,40,2,41,2,42,3,48,2","199,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","1990,16,4,18,5,19,2,20,9,21,7,22,3,23,2,24,7,25,2,29,3,30,4,32,7,34,1,36,4,38,4,39,4,41,4,42,3,44,4,47,3,48,4,49,2,50,2","1990s,15,1,16,1,25,1,29,1,30,6,38,6,43,1,46,1,50,1","1991,16,5,17,3,18,5,19,4,23,2,25,2,29,4,30,4,34,2,38,4,45,2,46,1","1992,17,3,18,9,19,2,20,2,22,1,23,1,28,1,30,4,38,4,43,2,44,2,45,4,47,2,49,2,50,2","1993,17,2,18,4,19,13,23,4,29,3,30,4,36,10,38,4,39,10,43,2,44,2,46,6,47,2,49,2,50,2","1994,15,1,17,4,18,2,19,7,23,2,30,4,34,1,38,4,43,2,44,1,45,1,47,1","1995,19,4,20,1,21,2,23,9,26,2,28,3,30,7,37,3,38,6,40,3,41,3,43,3,44,3,45,4,46,3,47,3,48,3,49,2,50,2","1996,11,2,15,7,16,13,20,5,21,5,24,5,25,6,26,4,29,9,30,9,32,5,35,2,36,3,38,11,39,3,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","1997,11,2,16,5,17,6,18,5,19,2,20,4,21,10,23,2,24,2,25,4,26,2,28,2,29,6,30,4,32,2,34,4,35,5,36,3,38,4,39,3,41,1,42,3,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,48,1","1998,11,2,19,6,20,11,21,9,24,6,25,4,29,4,30,7,32,6,35,3,36,3,38,7,39,4,44,3,47,2","1999,11,2,21,5,22,5,23,5,24,2,27,1,29,4,30,4,31,1,32,2,33,1,34,2,36,5,37,3,38,4,39,5,40,3,41,8,44,4,47,3,48,8,49,2,50,3","1999a,25,2","19m,46,1","1acoc,19,4","1e,22,6","1k,17,2","1kpa,22,2","1m,25,1,26,7,30,4,34,1,38,2,45,1","1m³,27,1,33,1","1mevsindia,26,4,27,4,28,4,29,4","1mtpa,27,1,33,1","1st,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,48,1","1wk,16,1","20,16,20,17,8,18,7,19,16,20,17,21,22,22,5,24,6,25,7,26,3,29,2,30,9,32,6,34,2,35,5,36,2,37,3,38,7,39,2,40,3,41,3,42,4,43,10,44,9,45,4,46,9,47,8,48,2,49,1,50,1","200,16,2,17,6,18,6,19,3,20,2,21,14,22,2,24,2,25,1,26,1,29,1,30,2,32,2,34,2,35,1,37,1,38,2,40,1,42,2,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,3,47,1,49,5,50,2","2000,11,2,17,6,19,11,24,13,25,5,26,7,27,5,28,5,29,5,30,2,32,4,34,2,37,3,38,3,40,3,41,4,45,1,46,1,48,3,49,2","2000°c,49,1","20000,34,1","200000,25,7","2000m,27,1,33,1","2001,11,2,30,7,31,5,32,9,33,5,34,5,35,9,36,6,38,2,39,6","20011,30,16","2001ar,41,1,42,1,48,1","2002,11,2,36,8,37,8,38,5,39,8,40,5,41,3,42,4,43,3,44,4,46,3,47,3,48,3,50,3","20021,37,4","2003,11,2,41,9,42,9,43,4,44,4,46,5,47,4,48,6,50,4","20031,41,4","2004,11,2,43,7,44,9,45,5,46,5,47,5,48,5,49,8,50,20","20041,43,4","2005,11,2,13,1,15,6,17,8,49,16,50,12","2009ar,41,1,48,1","200km,41,1,48,1","200kpa,32,2","200ppm,20,2","200t,16,1","201,17,1","206,16,2,19,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","209,37,1,40,1,42,1","2093e,18,1","20c,20,2","20m,22,1,46,1","20ppm,20,1","20psi,25,1","20s,35,1","21,16,5,19,5,25,3,26,1,27,1,29,2,30,10,33,1,34,1,35,1,36,2,37,2,38,4,39,2,40,4,42,3,43,11,44,2,46,2,47,2,49,1","210,16,2,26,1","2100ppm,46,1","212,17,2,41,1,42,1,48,1","2120,46,1","2131,46,2","215,17,2","2150,46,2","216,16,1","2179e,18,1","217mt,18,1","219,22,1","22,15,2,16,5,17,2,18,11,19,3,20,2,21,3,22,1,24,1,25,1,30,3,32,1,35,3,36,2,37,2,38,3,39,2,40,2,42,1,43,54,44,33,47,33,49,4","220,17,2,18,1,21,2","221,16,1,26,2","2220,46,2","2227,21,1","223,18,2,46,1","224,41,1,42,1,48,1","225,16,2,42,1,45,1","225s,35,1","226,16,1,34,1","2268x,46,1","227,16,3,26,1","228,26,1,37,1,40,1","2282e,18,1","229,21,1","2291p,22,1","2291x,22,1","22m³,27,1,33,1","22nd,19,1","23,15,6,16,5,17,1,19,2,20,1,21,14,25,4,26,1,27,1,30,2,31,1,33,1,35,1,36,2,37,2,38,1,39,2,40,2,42,2,43,1,45,1,46,2,47,1","230,16,1,17,4,19,1,43,1","2300,46,1","230g,17,1","230ppm,46,1","231,15,1","23283,21,1","2335,22,1","234c,50,1","235,16,1,26,1,42,2,43,1,44,1,46,1,47,1","236,18,2","2360,46,1","236w,18,1","237m³,36,3,39,3","238,18,1","2383,46,2","239,18,2","23m,46,1","23m3,43,1","24,16,6,17,2,18,1,19,2,20,1,21,2,22,1,24,1,25,2,26,2,30,8,32,1,34,1,38,5,43,12,44,9,46,1,47,9","240,15,1,16,1,18,7,21,2,49,3,50,2","24024,46,1","240m,43,1","245,42,1","246,37,1,40,1,42,1","24m,27,1,33,1,46,1","24mm,25,1,34,1","24th,19,1","25,15,1,16,10,17,1,18,2,19,2,21,3,22,3,25,4,26,3,29,1,30,7,34,1,35,1,37,3,38,7,40,5,41,1,42,6,43,8,44,10,45,3,46,6,47,10,48,1,49,3","25°c,49,1","250,15,1,16,2,17,4,18,5,21,4,34,3,37,1,40,1,42,1,46,1","250°c,50,2","2500,17,5,46,1","25000,34,1","250000,25,7","250kt,16,1","250m,26,4,27,1,33,1","250oc,43,2","251,18,1","252,15,1","253265,23,1","255,17,1,18,1,20,1,24,1,28,1,32,1,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","255litre,21,1","2562,41,1,42,1,48,1","25m,44,1,47,1","25m³,27,1,33,1","25ppm,46,3","25th,19,2","26,16,6,19,1,24,1,25,2,26,2,30,1,32,1,35,1,37,3,40,5,42,1,43,3,44,3,46,1,47,3,49,12","260,16,1,17,2","261,18,1","2615,46,2","262,22,1","2623,46,1","264,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","267,18,1","269,23,1","27,16,4,18,2,19,1,20,1,21,2,25,2,29,1,30,6,34,1,37,3,38,4,40,3,42,4,43,3,44,3,47,3,49,3,50,1","270,16,1,17,1","270p,19,1","271,18,3","271w,18,1","272,2,1","273,15,1","2740,25,1","275,15,1,49,2","277°c,49,1","2793,46,2","27mt,16,1","27q2,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","28,16,2,17,2,18,1,20,1,21,3,23,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,30,2,32,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,3,41,3,42,3,43,2,44,1,46,1,47,1,48,3,49,12","280,16,1","2800m3,46,2","281,17,1","2823,46,2","2831,19,1","284,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","285,44,1,47,1","2866,46,1","287,41,1,48,1","28mt,16,1","29,16,2,17,7,21,2,22,1,37,1,40,1,42,2,43,3,44,2,47,2","290,17,2,42,1","2914,46,1","2929e,18,1","295,16,1","296,17,3","298,42,1,45,1","299,19,1","2a,18,5,35,1","2b,35,1","2c,37,1,40,5,42,5","2ct,41,2,48,2","2d,34,1","2days,16,1","2e,22,1","2kpa,22,1","2l,22,1","2m,38,1,41,1,45,1,46,1,48,1","2m3,46,1","2mm,34,1","2mt,16,1","2nd,36,2,37,1,39,2,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,46,1,47,1,48,1","2ps,37,3,40,4,41,2,42,4,48,2","2s,21,1","2ts,18,1","30,16,22,17,5,18,8,19,6,20,2,21,2,22,5,23,1,25,5,26,5,29,2,30,8,35,2,37,1,38,5,40,3,41,1,42,1,43,3,44,1,45,7,46,8,47,1,48,1,49,4,50,1","300,16,1,17,5,18,5,19,2,21,19,22,2,23,1,24,2,25,1,32,2,34,3,37,1,40,1,42,1,46,3,49,4","300°c,49,1","3000,16,1,17,1,19,1,30,2,38,2,45,1,46,2,49,2","30000,34,2","300000,25,7","3000ppm,46,3","301,40,1,45,1","302,25,2,29,2","303,29,1","304,19,1","3050,46,1","307,15,1","308,40,1","3089e,18,1","309,25,1","30am,45,1","30m,43,1,44,1,47,1","30m³,31,2,33,2","30ppm,46,7","30s,28,2","31,16,2,17,6,18,1,21,2,25,1,30,3,37,2,38,2,40,3,41,2,42,7,43,1,46,1,48,2","310,17,1","311,41,5,45,1,48,4","311tg,48,1","312,23,1,41,1,48,1","313,21,1,23,1","3139,21,1","313kw,36,1,39,1","314,29,1","315,46,1,48,1","315°,21,1","317,28,1","318,17,2","32,16,3,17,4,21,1,24,1,30,2,37,4,38,2,40,7,41,1,42,8,43,1,44,1,46,5,47,1,49,1","320,16,2,17,2,21,15,24,2,32,2","321,28,1,32,1","323,46,1","323325,30,1","325,25,11,34,7,41,1,42,2,45,1,48,1","325m,41,1,48,1","325mm,25,3,34,2","326,17,2","329,18,1","32ct,41,1,48,1","32m3,46,1","32s,20,1,21,1,32,1","33,16,4,18,3,21,3,22,1,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,42,4,43,3,44,2,46,1,47,2","330,17,4","331049,19,1","331091,19,1","332,17,1","333,18,1,20,1","3332e,18,1","335352,23,1","33653738,19,2","33653888,19,2","337,16,1,22,1","3377,2,4","34,17,1,18,1,24,1,27,2,30,1,31,2,33,2,37,1,38,1,40,2,41,1,42,2,43,1,44,1,46,3,47,1,48,1","340,21,14,24,2,32,2,45,1","340°c,49,1","3418e,18,1","345,25,3,28,1,29,2,30,1,34,2,38,1,42,1","347,18,2","347w,18,1","348,42,1","34s,20,1,21,1,32,1","35,16,6,18,6,19,1,21,3,22,1,23,1,25,6,29,5,30,7,34,4,37,4,38,4,40,4,42,4,43,1,44,1,46,4,47,1","35°c,49,2","350,16,2,17,2,18,5,21,3,23,1,28,1,34,2,37,1,40,1,41,2,42,1,48,1","35000,34,1","350000,25,7","35088,46,1","351,30,1,31,1,38,1","3528,22,1","357,19,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","35mt,16,1","35oc,18,1","36,16,1,17,4,18,5,22,1,30,3,37,3,38,4,40,4,42,3,43,3,44,1,45,1,46,9,47,1","360,17,2,21,15,24,2,32,2,49,3","360°,35,1","361,31,1","362,16,1","363,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","364,46,1","367,15,1,19,1","3673,17,1","3695p,22,1","3695x2,22,1","37,16,1,17,2,18,39,21,3,23,1,30,1,35,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,42,1,43,1,45,1","37×,17,2","37×0,17,1","370,16,2,17,5,42,1","370°c,19,1","3700,45,1","370k,17,2","372,16,1,23,1","3746,37,1,40,1,41,2,48,2","375,24,1,41,2,42,1,48,1","37kpa,36,2,39,1","37m,46,1","37oc,18,1","38,16,4,17,2,18,14,21,1,37,4,40,4,42,3,43,1,44,4,47,4,49,1","380,21,15,24,2,32,2","38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,1,48,1","93,16,1,19,2,37,3,40,3,42,3","9382,25,1,29,1,34,1","94,19,2,21,2,37,1,40,2,42,2","940mm,45,1","947,41,1,42,1,48,1","9477,29,1","94kw,36,1,39,1","95,16,1,21,2,22,3,28,4,40,1,49,1","95°c,49,1","950,22,1","95000oz,16,1","956,41,1,42,1,48,1","9567,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","95m³,36,4,39,2","96,16,1,21,1,22,1,25,1,29,1,37,1,40,2,42,2","9600,46,3","9634,29,1","964,22,1","9647,29,1,34,1","967,46,1","968,46,1","97,20,1,21,2,22,1,24,1,32,1,40,3,44,1,47,1,49,1","9705,22,1","9742,22,1","9778,41,1,42,1,48,1","98,21,1,37,1,40,3,42,2","9807,41,1,42,1,48,1","9814p,22,1","9814x2,22,1","9821,41,1,42,1,48,1","9823,46,2","983,15,1","9849,22,1","9858,22,1","99,17,1,25,1,29,1","991,18,1","9916,42,1","993,2,1","9932,46,1","9956,46,1","996,18,3","997,18,2","9973,41,1,42,1,46,1,48,1","998,18,2","999,18,2","9998a,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","9998ar,41,1,48,1","9m3,22,1,37,1,40,1","9nth,38,4,40,4","9th,37,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,48,1","9usmvs,38,4,39,8,40,4","a10,44,1,47,1","a13,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","a2,37,1,40,1,42,1","a76,19,1","abandoned,25,4,29,3,34,2","abilities,23,3","ability,16,10,19,1,20,3,21,1,22,1,23,4,24,6,25,6,28,2,29,6,31,1,32,6,33,1,34,2,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,2,41,2,43,5,44,1,45,1,47,1,48,3","able,16,1,18,5,20,2,21,2,23,5,24,2,25,5,29,1,32,2,34,3,35,2,37,2,40,5,41,2,43,1,45,7,46,1,48,3","abn,2,1","abnormal,18,1,28,3,36,2,39,2,41,1,48,2","abnormalities,46,1","aboriginal,16,2","about10,16,1","abs,18,2","absence,19,1,36,1,46,1","absent,16,2","absentee,16,1","absenteeism,16,1","absolute,18,1,19,2,24,1,32,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","absorbed,35,1","absorbent,20,1","absorption,17,2","abstract,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,28,1,29,1,30,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,36,1,35,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,43,1,44,2,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","abundant,44,1,47,1","abutment,25,5,29,5,30,1,38,1","abutting,43,1,44,1,47,1","academia,23,2","academic,13,1,23,2","academy,32,1,33,1,34,1,44,1,45,1","acarp,3,1,7,1,20,6,21,3,23,7,24,2,25,2,29,2,30,2,32,2,34,1,35,2,38,1,44,1,49,1","accelerate,25,1","acceleration,25,2","accelerometer,25,2","accentuated,18,1","accept,14,1,16,2,25,1,28,4,29,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","acceptable,17,3,19,1,20,4,21,3,24,3,25,2,26,2,29,2,32,3,34,2,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,1,42,1","acceptance,11,1,16,2,18,1,19,1,25,1,34,1,43,1","accepted,15,2,17,4,18,2,19,4,20,1,22,1,26,3,34,1,43,1,50,2","access,3,1,20,1,23,3,25,1,26,1,27,9,28,3,29,2,31,7,33,10,37,3,41,1,42,3,43,3,45,1,46,2,48,1,50,2","accessed,16,1,41,1,45,1,48,1","accessible,20,1,25,1,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1","accessing,41,1,48,1","accessories,18,1,35,2","accident,15,1,18,1","accidents,16,2,46,1","acclimatisation,18,3,24,1","acclimatised,18,1","accmulation,18,1","accommodate,16,4,23,1","accommodates,16,1","accommodation,16,3","accompanied,25,1,34,1","accomplishment,23,1","according,19,2,21,1,23,4,25,3,28,2,29,3,30,3,36,1,35,1,37,1,38,4,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,44,3,45,3,47,3","accordingly,21,1","account,17,5,18,2,19,2,22,2,25,2,29,2,30,1,34,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,3,42,3,45,1,46,1,48,3","accountability,23,3","accounted,30,3,38,3","accounting,17,1,23,4","accounts,23,1,45,1","accros,21,3","accum,18,1","accumulated,18,7,49,1","accumulates,18,1","accumulating,18,2","accumulation,18,29,44,1,47,1","accumulations,18,1,27,1,31,1,33,1","accuracy,17,5,19,1,21,1,22,7,28,1,37,7,40,14,41,3,42,1,45,1,46,1,48,3","accurate,7,1,19,1,22,2,25,2,29,1,34,1,35,6,37,1,40,3,41,2,42,1,48,1","accurately,17,2,18,1,22,2,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,1,48,2","ace,28,1,46,1","acetylene,43,1","acfabtm,46,1","achievable,16,1,30,1,38,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","achieve,16,1,18,2,19,1,20,1,23,1,25,5,26,1,29,2,30,3,31,2,34,4,36,1,37,1,38,3,39,1,41,1,42,2,43,1,44,2,45,2,47,2,48,1,49,1","achieved,17,1,20,6,21,3,24,6,25,2,26,1,28,6,30,3,31,1,32,5,33,1,34,1,36,1,35,3,38,3,39,2,41,1,43,2,45,3,46,1,48,1","achievement,16,1,28,1,37,1,40,1","achievements,23,1,25,1,34,1","achieves,26,1","achieving,43,1","acid,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","ackay,20,1,24,1,32,1","acknowkedgement,24,1,32,1","acknowledge,16,1,17,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,25,1,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,34,1","acknowledged,16,1,17,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,30,2,32,1,36,2,37,1,38,2,39,2,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","acknowledgement,17,1,25,1,28,1,29,1,30,1,34,1,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,43,1,44,1,47,1,48,1","acknowledgements,20,1,21,1,49,1,50,1","acknowledgment,16,1,26,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,45,1","acknowledgments,19,1,22,1","acme,22,1,46,1","acp,18,30","acquire,23,1","acquired,31,1,33,1,43,1","acquiring,23,1","acquisition,22,2,28,1","across,15,2,16,1,17,2,19,1,21,12,22,2,23,2,24,2,25,9,26,1,27,6,29,4,30,1,31,7,32,2,33,8,34,5,36,1,37,6,38,1,39,1,40,8,41,5,42,6,43,9,44,2,46,4,47,1,48,5,49,7,50,10","act,15,1,19,2,20,1,21,1,23,2,25,1,29,1,45,2,46,3","acted,16,1,43,2,44,2,47,2","acting,19,1,22,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,45,1","action,15,1,19,7,23,12,25,1,34,1,35,2,42,1,43,7,44,2,45,3,47,2,49,6,50,3","actioned,23,2","actions,23,5,43,7,44,2,45,5,47,2","activate,41,1,48,1","activated,22,1,24,1,26,1,40,1,43,1","active,17,1,23,1,25,2,27,2,29,2,31,1,33,2,34,1,45,1,48,1,49,1,50,2","actively,16,1,45,1,50,2","activities,16,14,22,1,23,7,27,3,28,2,31,1,33,3,37,3,40,4,41,3,43,3,46,1,48,3","activity,18,2,23,6,24,1,32,1,45,3,46,1","acts,19,2,25,1,29,1,45,1","actual,17,3,20,5,21,4,22,2,25,1,26,3,28,1,34,3,36,3,37,3,39,4,40,5,41,1,42,3,43,1,45,1,46,14,48,1","actually,22,1,23,2,27,1,30,1,33,1,36,2,38,1,39,2,50,1","acute,20,1,25,1,29,1","adapt,43,1","adaptations,28,1","adapted,24,1,28,2,32,1,36,1,39,1","add,18,1,25,1,34,1","added,19,3,23,2,31,1,33,1,42,2,44,2,47,2,50,1","adding,19,1,24,1,32,1","addison,23,2","addition,15,1,17,1,19,8,23,3,27,1,28,3,36,1,35,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,43,6,44,3,45,3,47,2,49,1,50,5","additional,15,6,16,5,18,1,22,1,23,2,25,1,26,1,27,2,29,4,30,2,31,8,33,6,36,7,38,1,39,10,41,1,43,2,44,2,46,2,47,2,48,1,49,2,50,6","additionally,22,1","address,23,3,27,1,31,1,33,1,39,1","addressed,16,2,23,3,25,1,27,2,28,2,29,2,31,2,33,2","addresses,23,3,24,1,32,1","addressing,23,1","adds,43,2,50,2","adequacy,25,2,29,2","adequate,19,1,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,2,26,1,29,2,30,1,32,1,34,3,38,1,45,2,46,2,50,1","adequately,16,1,18,1,23,2,25,1,29,1,36,1,39,1,43,2","adhered,23,1","adit,37,7,40,8","adjacent,15,1,22,1,24,1,25,8,26,1,27,1,29,7,32,1,33,1,34,4,35,1,37,2,40,1,41,1,42,2,43,2,44,1,45,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","adjoining,44,2,47,2","adjust,42,1","adjustable,15,1,28,1","adjusted,22,1,35,1,37,1,41,2,42,2,48,3","adjusting,36,1,39,1,48,1","adjustment,25,1,29,1,40,2,41,2,42,1,48,2","adjustments,40,2,41,1,48,1","adjusts,21,1,35,1","administration,18,1,20,1,21,1,23,11,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1","administrative,23,2","administrator,23,5","admixture,19,3","adolf,17,3","adopt,16,12,23,1","adopted,15,2,16,5,17,2,18,1,22,1,23,4,27,1,33,1,36,1,39,1,46,6","adopting,16,3,26,1,46,1","adoption,11,1,16,1,18,1,26,1,29,2,46,1","ads,11,1,16,1,21,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,32,1,42,2,44,1","adsorbed,19,1,28,1,35,2","adsorption,17,1,19,1,43,1,50,3","advance,30,18,31,3,33,1,36,1,38,20,39,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","advanced,16,6,25,1,26,1,30,1,38,1,46,2","advancement,16,1,30,3,38,4","advances,19,1,38,1,43,1,44,3,45,1,47,3,50,1","advancing,24,1,26,4","advantage,3,1,15,1,17,3,23,1,25,1,34,1,35,1,40,1,43,2,44,1,45,2,47,1,49,1,50,2","advantageous,18,1,34,1,43,1,50,1","advantages,23,1,24,1,27,1,30,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,35,3,38,2,39,1,43,1,46,1,50,1","advent,36,2,39,2,43,1,44,2,45,1,47,2","adverse,44,1,47,1","adversely,44,1,47,1","advertising,26,1","advice,17,1,19,1,30,4,38,3,45,1","advised,43,2","afc,20,1,21,1,24,6,26,3,32,6,38,1","affect,19,1,22,2,23,2,27,1,31,1,33,1,44,3,46,2,47,3,49,2","affected,16,1,19,1,20,4,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,4,25,1,26,8,32,6,43,1,44,1,46,1,47,1,49,4,50,3","affecting,16,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,27,1,30,1,33,1,38,1,46,3","affects,16,2,23,1,34,1,44,1,47,1","affiliations,19,1","affording,46,1","afr,18,4","africa,17,1,18,3,19,2,22,3,25,1,29,1,30,1,36,2,37,2,38,1,39,2,40,2,41,2,42,2,45,2,46,1,48,2,49,1,50,1","african,18,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","africans,30,1,38,1","afterwards,49,1","against,15,1,16,2,17,1,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,1,27,1,29,2,30,2,31,3,32,1,33,2,34,1,36,1,35,2,37,3,38,3,39,2,40,1,42,3,43,7,44,9,45,1,46,1,47,9,49,3,50,3","age,15,1,16,1,18,4,20,1,25,1,29,1","agencies,43,1","agenda,23,2","agent,19,2,24,1,32,1,46,1","agents,39,2","ago,27,1,33,1","agree,16,2,25,1","agreed,16,3,23,2,25,3,29,2,30,2,34,2,38,1,45,1,46,1","agreement,16,3,17,4,23,1,30,1,38,1,43,1,44,1,47,1","agreements,23,1","agrees,18,1,19,1","agregat,50,2","ah,20,1,24,1,32,1","ahead,16,1,20,1,27,2,31,2,33,2,35,1,49,2","aid,23,2,28,3,43,4,44,2,45,1,47,1,49,3,50,4","aided,23,1,43,1","aids,31,1,33,1","aim,17,2,20,1,23,1,24,1,25,6,28,7,29,1,32,2,34,3,37,6,40,6,41,3,46,1,48,3","aimed,16,4,23,1,24,1,32,1,44,1,47,1","aims,20,1,21,1,23,1","ainsi,20,1","air,11,2,15,49,17,2,18,12,19,39,20,8,21,2,22,31,24,9,25,24,26,37,27,16,28,16,29,24,30,41,31,37,32,8,33,37,34,15,36,9,35,7,37,23,38,50,39,10,40,24,41,50,42,32,43,54,44,53,45,16,46,27,47,48,48,39,49,27,50,24","airborne,19,3,30,3,38,3","aircraft,16,1","airflow,11,4,15,12,18,1,21,1,22,8,24,3,25,1,26,12,27,5,28,21,29,1,30,5,31,5,32,3,33,5,36,2,35,1,37,38,38,8,39,4,40,41,41,37,42,38,43,32,44,30,45,11,46,1,47,29,48,43,49,12,50,14","airflows,19,1,28,5,36,1,37,2,38,1,39,1,40,2,41,3,42,4,44,1,46,4,47,1,48,4","airlocks,25,2,29,2,34,1","airs,43,1","airstream,24,1,26,2,30,1,32,2,38,1","airtight,25,3,29,3","airway,15,7,20,1,21,1,22,1,24,1,26,1,28,8,32,1,37,6,40,4,41,10,42,6,43,12,44,21,45,4,46,2,47,17,48,9,49,7,50,7","airways,15,13,22,1,29,1,30,1,36,2,37,5,38,1,39,1,40,5,41,4,42,5,43,14,44,14,45,6,47,12,48,4,49,9,50,9","aithough,45,1","aitkin,23,1","akin,19,1","alabama,25,1,29,1,38,1","alara,16,1","alarm,20,2,24,1,28,2,32,1,41,2,43,1,44,1,47,1,48,2,49,1","alarmed,49,2","alarming,49,2","alarms,20,2,49,1","albrand,49,2","alert,28,1","align,23,1","aligned,22,1","aligning,22,1","alignment,23,1","alkanolamines,20,1","allan,45,1","alliances,23,1","allocated,23,1","allocation,23,2","allow,11,2,15,4,16,2,17,2,18,2,19,2,21,2,22,1,24,4,26,6,27,1,28,11,31,3,32,6,33,3,34,1,36,1,37,8,38,1,39,1,40,5,41,5,42,4,43,2,44,3,45,1,46,3,47,3,48,4,49,3,50,3","allowable,19,1,20,1,21,1","allowed,15,1,16,2,18,9,19,1,20,2,21,1,22,2,23,1,24,2,25,2,27,1,32,2,33,1,34,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,42,1,43,3","allowing,3,1,15,1,22,1,27,1,28,2,31,1,33,2,35,2,43,2,44,2,46,1,47,1,49,3,50,3","allows,15,3,19,1,21,3,22,2,23,1,25,1,27,5,28,2,31,6,33,6,34,1,35,2,40,2,41,1,44,2,45,1,46,1,47,2,48,1,49,2","alloy,20,1","almost,9,1,10,1,17,2,27,2,30,1,33,4,38,1,43,4,44,4,46,1,47,4,49,1","alone,25,3,29,3,34,1,36,2,39,2,46,2","along,20,4,21,9,22,16,24,2,25,3,26,7,27,3,29,2,30,2,31,4,32,2,33,4,36,1,35,3,37,2,38,3,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,2,43,4,44,3,45,4,47,3,48,2,49,3,50,4","alps,25,1,29,1","already,16,4,23,1,25,1,28,1,36,4,38,1,39,4,43,3,44,3,45,2,46,1,47,2,49,2,50,2","alter,19,1,28,1,41,1,48,1","alteration,37,1,42,1,44,1,47,1","alterations,19,1","altered,23,1,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,43,1,48,1","altering,23,1,24,1,28,1,32,1","alternate,36,1,39,1","alternately,49,1","alternative,15,3,20,1,24,1,25,7,26,10,27,1,29,4,32,1,33,1,34,4,36,4,39,4,40,2,41,2,43,3,48,2","alternatively,25,1,34,1,42,1","alternatives,16,2,24,1,26,5,32,1,36,1,39,1,43,4","alters,19,1","although,15,3,16,5,17,2,18,1,19,4,20,2,21,1,22,1,24,3,26,3,32,2,35,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,45,1,49,5,50,1","altitude,19,1","alto,23,1","alumina,16,1","aluminium,41,1,42,1,48,1","always,15,1,18,1,19,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,25,1,29,1,34,2,35,1,43,2,44,3,47,4,49,1,50,2","ambient,35,1,49,1","ambiguity,23,5","ambiguous,23,1","ambulatory,18,1","america,15,1,20,1,36,3,39,3","american,19,3,20,1,21,1,24,1,27,1,31,2,32,1,33,1,36,1,37,1,38,5,39,2,40,5,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,48,1,50,1","amira,18,1","ammonium,19,1","among,16,1,17,6,21,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","amongst,16,1,49,1","amortised,31,1,33,1","amount,16,2,20,2,21,2,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,30,2,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,3,35,2,37,1,38,2,42,2,43,4,44,10,45,2,46,1,47,11,49,1,50,1","amounts,20,1","amp,7,1","amr,26,1","analogous,21,1,22,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","analyse,17,1,25,1,35,1,43,1,44,1","analysed,3,1,16,1,17,2,21,4,23,3,24,2,25,2,30,6,32,1,34,1,36,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,2,50,1","analyser,11,1,24,2,32,2,35,8","analyses,17,4,22,1,25,4,27,1,30,1,34,2,35,1,38,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","analysing,22,1,23,2,30,1,43,1","analysis,7,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,13,1,15,2,16,7,17,12,19,4,20,2,21,21,22,6,23,14,24,2,25,21,26,1,27,5,28,17,29,9,30,13,31,5,32,3,33,9,34,18,36,4,35,1,37,2,38,12,39,4,40,2,41,1,42,2,43,3,44,3,45,3,46,10,47,3,48,2,49,4,50,2","analytical,25,1,28,1,34,1,48,1","analytically,45,1","analyze,45,1,46,2,47,1","analyzed,38,4,39,1,45,1,46,1","analyzing,38,1,45,1","anatomy,49,2","anchorage,25,1,34,1,46,1,47,1,48,1","anchored,25,2,29,1,34,1","anchors,25,2,34,2","anderson,25,1,29,1","anemometer,37,2,40,2,41,1,42,1,48,1","anemometers,28,1,41,1,48,1","anemometry,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","anfo,46,2","angle,15,9,21,5,22,1,42,4,43,1,50,1","angles,15,1,41,1,42,1,43,3,44,1,47,1,48,1,50,3","anglo,24,1,32,1,36,1,39,1","angul,21,1","animals,20,2","animated,45,1","anisotropy,21,13","ankara,35,1","années,20,1","annoyance,30,1,38,1","annual,15,6,16,4,17,1,19,8,21,1,24,1,26,1,29,2,30,2,32,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,41,1,45,2,46,1,48,1","annum,16,6","another,16,10,19,1,21,2,23,2,24,2,25,1,26,2,27,4,29,2,31,3,32,2,33,4,34,1,36,1,35,1,39,1,43,3,48,1,49,4,50,2","answer,16,2,26,1","answered,19,1","answers,45,2","anticipated,23,1,25,1,29,1,31,3,33,1,34,1","antitropal,20,1,26,2,38,1","antitropally,15,3","anything,16,1","anytime,46,1","anywhere,17,2,20,1","apart,20,1,22,1,24,1,25,2,29,1,32,1,34,1,45,1","aperture,25,1,34,1","apertures,25,1,34,1","apparatus,17,2,19,1,20,1,22,2,24,2,25,1,32,2,34,1,43,2,50,2","apparent,19,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,26,1,27,2,30,1,31,3,32,1,33,2,38,1","appear,16,2,18,1,19,1,21,1,24,1,25,1,34,3,38,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,48,1","appearance,21,1","appearances,9,1,10,1","appeared,21,1","appears,15,1,16,1,21,1,23,2,25,1,27,1,29,1,30,2,31,1,33,1,34,3,38,3,46,3,49,1","appin,45,28","appliance,39,1","appliances,36,9,39,11","applicability,19,2,31,1,33,1","applicable,19,1,23,2,29,1,46,1","application,11,1,18,2,20,1,22,2,24,1,25,5,28,5,29,1,30,1,31,1,32,1,34,2,36,7,37,1,38,6,39,9,40,1,43,6,44,5,46,1,47,7,49,5,50,10","applications,18,1,19,1,25,3,28,3,29,4,34,4,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1","applied,16,1,19,1,21,7,22,1,23,6,24,1,25,7,30,2,32,1,34,6,36,4,37,1,38,1,39,4,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","applies,20,1,21,1,23,1,43,1,50,1","apply,21,1,24,1,25,2,26,1,28,1,29,1,32,1,34,1,46,1","applying,17,8,21,1,24,1,25,1,28,1,32,1,34,1,43,2,44,2,45,3,47,2,49,2,50,1","appoint,23,1","appointed,23,1","appointments,23,2","appraising,36,1,39,1","appreciation,16,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","approach,15,5,16,25,17,8,18,3,19,1,21,3,22,1,23,9,24,5,25,3,26,7,27,8,28,1,29,2,30,1,31,9,32,6,33,11,34,3,35,4,36,3,37,4,38,2,39,2,40,6,41,3,42,6,43,3,44,3,46,6,47,3,48,4,49,2","approached,16,2,20,1,23,1,24,1,32,1","approaches,7,1,11,2,16,1,17,1,18,3,19,1,20,1,21,1,24,6,25,11,26,7,27,2,29,17,30,6,31,2,32,9,33,3,34,3,35,6,37,1,38,7,40,1,41,2,42,1,43,4,44,1,46,2,48,3,49,2,50,3","approaching,20,1,43,1","approches,20,1","appropriate,15,1,16,3,19,2,20,1,21,1,23,11,24,3,25,7,28,3,29,2,31,2,32,3,34,3,35,1,37,1,38,2,39,1,40,1,41,2,42,1,43,4,44,3,45,1,46,5,47,3,48,1","appropriately,17,1,46,1","appropriateness,23,1,25,1,29,2","approval,16,1,25,2,45,1","approve,16,1","approved,20,1,25,3,29,3,34,4","approx,21,1,41,3,42,3,43,2,44,1,47,1,48,3","approximate,19,1,22,7,23,1,26,1,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,46,2,48,1","approximated,46,1","approximately,16,6,17,2,18,1,19,2,21,4,22,2,24,1,25,3,26,1,27,2,28,1,29,2,31,4,32,1,33,5,35,4,36,1,39,1,41,1,43,1,44,1,45,8,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,2","approximation,17,1,22,2,25,1,29,1,41,1,42,1,46,1,48,1","approximations,19,1","april,44,1,47,1,49,17,50,1","arakawa,28,1","aral,20,1","arbitrary,45,1","arc,19,1","arch,25,7,34,1","arching,25,15,34,11","archived,35,1","arco,16,1","arduous,18,1","area,15,1,18,3,20,4,21,2,22,5,23,1,24,1,25,3,26,1,28,1,29,6,30,2,32,1,34,2,35,1,36,2,37,14,38,4,39,2,40,14,41,16,42,22,43,4,44,6,46,7,47,5,48,16,49,3,50,2","areas,3,1,7,1,9,11,10,2,14,1,15,1,16,1,18,1,20,5,21,2,22,2,23,7,24,5,25,11,26,1,28,2,29,11,31,1,32,5,34,5,35,2,36,5,37,1,39,5,40,1,41,5,42,6,43,1,44,7,45,1,47,7,48,5,49,1","areaunderc,46,1","arevalo,17,2,19,2","arguments,18,1","argyle,16,2","argyris,23,1","arise,31,1,33,1,43,1,46,1,49,1","arises,19,1","arising,25,2,29,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","arm,23,1,38,1,43,1","armed,43,1","armoured,20,3,21,1,24,3,26,4,32,2","arms,22,1","arose,28,2","around,15,1,17,1,20,2,21,1,24,1,25,1,26,4,28,1,30,3,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,2,37,3,38,5,40,3,41,6,42,6,43,3,44,5,45,7,47,5,48,6,49,2,50,3","arousal,18,1","arranged,16,1,25,1,29,1,34,1,42,1","arrangement,16,14,20,1,25,2,30,2,38,1,42,1,43,1,44,2,45,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","arrangements,16,3,23,4,29,1,30,1,37,1,42,1,46,1","arranging,46,1","arrive,36,1,39,1","arrived,36,1,39,1,45,1","arrow,27,2,31,2,33,2,43,2,44,2,47,2","arrows,15,1,45,1","art,25,1,26,1,27,1,29,1,33,1,34,1","article,20,2","artificial,15,2,16,1,19,1,26,1,36,5,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","artificially,39,1,43,1","ascensional,45,2","ascensionally,45,1","ascentional,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,2,50,2","asenyan,49,1,50,1","ash,19,1,43,2","ashrae,18,1","asia,24,1,26,1,32,1","ask,43,1,49,1","asked,16,9,23,2,25,1,29,3,30,2,34,1,38,3","askin,18,2","asking,23,1,25,1,29,1,34,1","asleep,16,1","aspect,16,2,18,1,24,2,26,2,27,1,31,3,32,2,33,2,41,1,43,1,48,1,49,1","aspects,8,1,15,1,16,1,18,1,19,2,21,2,23,8,24,4,25,3,27,4,28,1,29,2,31,4,32,4,33,4,34,1,35,2,36,5,39,6,41,1,42,1,43,6,44,2,46,1,47,1,48,2,49,3,50,5","assemblage,17,1","assemblies,38,1","assembly,41,1,42,1,48,1","asses,23,1","assess,18,1,23,6,25,1,34,1","assessed,18,3,23,2,25,1,34,1,36,4,39,5,43,3,50,1","assessing,18,2,23,2,25,1,34,1,36,6,39,7,43,1","assessment,11,1,18,1,23,4,28,2,30,2,34,1,36,10,38,1,39,10,41,1,43,2,46,2,48,1,49,1","assessments,24,1,32,1,43,1","assign,28,1","assigned,15,1,21,1,28,1,42,1","assigning,22,1","assignments,14,5","assimilated,43,1","assimilation,43,1","assist,8,1,16,3,17,1,23,1,24,3,27,3,28,1,30,5,31,2,32,3,33,3,36,1,38,4,39,1,41,1,43,2,44,2,45,1,46,1,47,2,48,1,49,2,50,1","assistance,16,1,17,1,19,1,23,1,24,1,26,2,28,1,32,1,36,1,39,1","assistants,28,1","assisted,27,2,31,1,33,2,36,1,39,1,43,3,45,1,47,1","assisting,27,1,31,1,33,1,50,1","assists,14,1,23,1,43,1","assoc,20,1","associate,18,1,28,1,42,1,44,1","associated,16,17,17,1,18,2,20,4,21,5,22,1,23,6,24,3,28,2,30,7,31,4,32,3,33,2,35,1,36,8,38,7,39,10,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","associates,23,2","association,20,1,21,2,23,1,24,2,25,1,26,2,29,1,32,2,34,1,43,2,44,2,45,2,47,3,49,4,50,2","associées,20,1","assume,18,1,43,3,45,1,49,1","assumed,18,1,22,4,26,5,35,1,39,1,46,1,49,1","assumes,18,1,22,1,23,1,25,2,35,1,50,1","assuming,18,2,19,2,22,2,25,2,36,1,39,1,45,1,46,1","assumption,17,1,18,1,22,1,26,1,46,1,49,1","assumptions,18,1,22,3,23,2,25,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,45,1,48,1","assured,46,1","astm,19,33,25,1,29,1","asymptotic,19,1","at2,18,1","athol,50,1","ati,21,1","atmax2,18,1","atmosphere,1,1,5,1,10,1,15,1,18,3,19,11,20,4,21,5,24,3,25,1,26,11,27,1,28,2,29,1,31,1,32,3,33,1,34,1,35,2,36,1,37,1,38,2,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,43,6,44,1,45,2,47,1,50,3","atmospheres,11,1,19,7,24,1,32,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","atmospheric,18,2,19,7,20,1,22,1,24,2,25,1,26,1,29,2,32,2,35,1,46,1","atom,19,1","atomic,17,2","atoms,19,3","attach,28,1","attached,18,1,22,1,24,1,26,2,32,1,35,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","attachment,22,1,35,1","attack,19,1,45,1","attacked,20,1","attain,43,1,44,1,47,2","attempt,16,1,20,1,21,3,24,1,25,1,28,1,32,1,34,1,35,1,41,1,43,2,44,1,45,2,47,1","attempted,43,1,46,1","attempting,21,1","attempts,20,1,35,1,43,3,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","attend,23,2","attendance,16,2","attended,16,2","attending,16,1","attendrait,20,1","attention,17,1,23,2,25,2,29,1,31,1,34,1,35,1,44,1,47,1","attitudes,16,6,23,2","attract,16,4,23,2","attracted,16,2","attracting,16,1","attraction,16,1","attractive,16,1,36,1,39,1","attributable,46,1","attribute,28,1","attributed,16,1,17,1,20,1,31,1,36,3,39,3","attributes,23,1,43,1,50,1","au,2,2,6,2,8,1,16,23,19,2,20,1,24,1,46,2,49,3","audible,20,2,24,1,32,1","audits,9,1,10,1","augment,36,3,39,3","augments,36,1,39,1","august,15,6,24,5,25,6,29,1,30,5,31,5,36,5,37,5,41,5,43,8,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","aul,50,1","aus,19,1,22,2,38,1,41,1,42,1,44,1,48,1","ausimm,13,1,16,21,19,1,36,1,39,1","aust,16,1","austimm,16,4","australasia,23,1","australasian,16,2,19,3,20,1,21,1,24,1,27,1,28,1,32,1,33,1,35,1,36,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,44,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","australi,32,1","australia,2,1,11,1,16,16,18,4,20,10,21,12,22,4,23,2,24,9,25,10,26,5,27,7,29,6,30,11,31,8,32,11,33,10,34,13,35,4,36,9,37,1,38,10,39,8,40,1,41,1,42,3,43,5,44,4,45,7,46,2,47,3,48,4","australian,11,8,13,1,16,13,17,1,18,5,19,3,20,2,21,4,22,3,23,2,24,4,25,7,26,5,27,19,28,3,29,9,30,31,31,11,32,4,33,19,34,9,36,14,37,1,38,28,39,12,40,1,41,3,42,3,43,17,44,27,45,6,46,9,47,24,48,5,49,11,50,19","australiasian,45,2","australie,20,1","author,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","authorities,18,1","authority,23,2,25,2,34,1","authorization,40,1,41,1,48,1","authorized,40,1,41,1,48,1","authors,16,1,17,2,19,2,20,2,21,2,22,1,25,1,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,45,5","auto,48,1","autocompression,46,1","autogenous,35,1","automated,28,2,41,3,42,2,48,2","automatic,28,1,30,1,38,1","automatically,28,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","automation,30,1,38,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","autonomy,23,1","autopsy,49,1","autumn,23,2","auxiliary,11,1,22,26,27,2,31,1,33,3,46,7","availability,16,1,22,1,25,2,30,2,34,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,45,1,48,1","available,16,5,17,2,21,1,22,3,23,1,24,6,25,3,26,5,27,1,28,6,29,2,30,2,31,3,32,5,33,3,34,2,36,4,37,5,38,1,39,4,40,5,41,6,42,4,43,7,44,8,45,6,46,1,47,8,48,6,49,3,50,2","avec,20,1","averag,38,2","average,16,2,18,6,21,8,25,4,26,3,28,2,29,5,30,33,34,2,35,1,36,1,37,1,38,33,39,1,40,1,41,2,44,2,46,14,47,2,48,2","averaged,17,2,22,1,29,1,30,10,38,10,41,1,44,2,47,2","averages,31,1","averaging,17,1,21,1,36,1,39,1","avi,4,8","avoid,14,1,22,1,24,1,32,1,35,1,41,1,48,1","avoided,22,1,39,2","award,16,1","aware,16,1,23,2,25,2,29,2,43,1","awareness,23,1,28,1,30,3,38,4","away,16,2,19,1,22,1,24,1,31,2,32,1,33,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,41,1,44,1,46,2,47,1,48,1,49,1","awkward,15,1","axel,35,1","axes,21,2","axillary,26,2","axis,19,4,21,5,35,1","aziz,41,1,42,1,44,1,48,1","b2,18,3","b2e2,20,1,24,1,32,1","ba5,37,5,40,5,41,1,48,1","bachelor,18,2,19,1,26,2,48,1,50,2","backcalculation,25,1","background,15,1,16,1,19,1,25,1,29,1,43,1,46,1,49,1","backing,30,1,38,1","backpressure,50,1","bacteria,24,1,32,1","bacterial,20,2,21,2","bag,22,1,25,1,27,1,33,1,34,1","bags,20,1,35,1,45,1","baily,19,1","balance,18,4,23,2,27,1,31,1,33,1,44,1,47,1","balancing,25,1,27,1,28,2,29,2,31,1,33,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,2,48,2","balkema,36,1,37,2,38,1,39,2,40,2,41,2,42,1,43,1,44,1,46,2,47,2,48,3,49,1,50,3","ball,48,2","ballast,43,3","bandopadhyay,49,1,50,2","bar,16,1,25,4,30,1,34,2","barometric,18,1,25,1,29,2,36,2,39,3,41,1,48,1,50,1","barrels,25,1","barret,22,1","barrett,22,1","barricaded,27,2,31,2,33,2,43,4","barrier,16,1,25,7,29,5,34,3","barriers,23,1,25,1,29,1","bars,16,2,17,2,25,2,34,3,37,1,42,1","bartknecht,19,6","barton,25,2,29,2","bas,20,1","base,16,2,17,1,18,1,24,1,25,12,27,1,31,3,32,1,33,1,34,7,36,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,46,3,48,1,49,4","based,16,31,17,2,18,18,19,2,20,2,21,2,22,5,23,10,24,2,25,7,27,6,28,10,29,3,30,9,31,7,32,2,33,8,34,4,35,2,36,15,37,13,38,9,39,16,40,16,41,6,42,13,43,3,44,5,45,4,46,10,48,6,47,5,49,1,50,2","basel,17,1,19,1","basic,17,1,19,1,22,1,23,3,24,1,25,1,31,1,32,2,34,2,36,1,37,2,38,1,39,1,40,2,41,1,42,2,44,1,47,1","basically,41,1,42,2,48,1","basin,16,3,19,1,20,4,21,4,24,3,26,1,27,2,31,2,32,2,33,2,36,2,39,2,41,1,48,1","basis,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,2,21,5,23,1,27,1,28,3,30,1,34,1,36,13,38,1,39,14,45,1,46,3,48,1,50,1","bassin,20,1","basu,36,2,39,2","batch,30,1,38,1","batching,24,1,32,1","batteries,18,1","battery,7,1,18,4,25,1,35,1","baublys,20,1,21,1","bauxite,16,5","bay,20,1,24,1,32,1","bc,22,3","beam,20,2,37,1,41,2,42,3,48,2","beazley,11,1,23,2","became,16,1,17,1,22,1,43,3,44,1,45,1,47,1","because,16,5,18,2,19,1,21,6,22,2,23,7,24,1,25,6,26,1,29,1,30,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,5,35,1,37,1,38,1,40,2,42,1,43,3,44,3,45,4,46,3,47,3,49,3,50,1","become,15,2,16,2,21,1,25,2,27,1,29,1,30,1,34,1,38,1,44,1,46,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","becomes,16,1,19,3,21,1,25,1,26,3,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,46,1,49,3","becoming,16,2,27,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,39,1,41,1,43,2,44,1,46,1,48,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","beds,45,1","beforehand,43,1","begin,16,1,23,1,49,3","beginners,22,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","beginning,23,2,48,1","begins,49,3","behaving,23,1","behavior,23,2,34,2,37,3,39,1,40,3,44,1,45,4,46,2","behavioral,23,1","behaviors,45,6","behaviour,15,1,17,1,18,1,19,9,22,2,23,5,24,1,25,9,29,2,32,1,34,4,41,6,42,6,43,6,44,2,48,6,47,4,49,8,50,5","behavioural,18,1,23,1","behaviours,28,1,41,1,48,1","beijing,19,1","beirne,26,2","beiter,50,1","bekessy,17,1","belief,23,1","beliefs,23,1","believe,16,9,23,1,25,2,29,2","believed,15,1,16,9,22,1,24,1,26,1,30,4,32,1,38,4","bell,23,3","belt,7,1,15,37,18,1,20,2,21,1,24,2,25,8,26,10,27,2,29,8,30,4,31,3,32,2,33,3,34,6,36,1,38,3,39,1,41,2,42,2,43,3,44,2,45,60,48,2,47,1,49,1,50,6","belting,25,1","beltroad,26,1,31,2,33,2","belts,15,10,18,1,24,1,26,2,32,1,43,1,45,1","beltway,15,16,50,1","beltways,11,1,15,3","benade,18,1","benchmark,25,1,34,1","bend,15,1","bending,21,1,25,17,34,10","beneficial,21,1,24,1,32,1,45,2,46,1,48,1","benefit,23,1,24,1,25,2,28,1,29,1,31,3,32,1,34,3,36,1,38,1,39,1,43,1,46,1,48,1","benefits,16,4,18,4,28,4,30,1,31,1,41,1,48,1","benson,36,2,39,2","berlin,19,1","bernoulli,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,2,48,2","beside,27,1,31,1,33,1","besides,45,1","best,16,2,17,1,18,1,20,2,21,9,22,3,23,2,25,1,26,1,30,2,34,1,36,1,37,1,38,2,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,1,43,5,46,2,48,4,50,4","bettenhausen,23,1","better,16,2,18,1,21,5,23,2,25,5,28,2,29,2,30,5,34,1,38,8,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,3,44,1,45,3,46,3,48,1,47,1,49,2,50,2","between,15,4,16,6,17,12,18,10,19,6,20,7,21,11,22,21,23,40,24,7,25,27,26,3,27,5,28,6,29,6,30,7,31,4,32,6,33,6,34,16,35,4,37,17,38,8,39,1,40,17,41,17,42,31,43,8,44,8,45,15,46,11,48,17,47,9,49,5,50,6","beyond,19,2,21,1,22,2,23,1,30,3,38,2,46,2","bf,22,6","bg,46,2","bhaskar,36,2,39,2","bhp,16,2,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1,41,5,48,4","bi,38,1","bias,23,1","bibliography,28,1","bicarbonate,24,2,32,2","bicycle,35,1","bidi,30,3,38,2","billiton,41,3,48,2","billow,41,1,42,1,48,1","bin,45,14","biological,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","biotechnological,24,1","birsfelden,17,3","bitumen,24,2,32,2","bituminous,19,1","bl,20,1,24,1","black,26,1","blackwater,25,1,29,1,34,1","blackwell,23,1","blade,15,15,22,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","bladed,22,1","blades,15,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","blair,50,1","blank,35,3","blanking,21,1","blast,11,1,25,3,29,3,34,2,42,1,46,68,48,2","blasting,17,1,25,1,29,1,41,1,46,16,48,1","blasts,41,1,46,3,48,1","bleeder,27,3,29,2,31,4,33,3,36,4,39,3,41,1","bleeders,27,1,29,2,30,2,31,1,33,1,38,1","blind,27,2,31,2,33,2,41,1,42,1,48,1","block,19,1,20,3,21,4,25,28,27,1,29,29,33,1,34,20,43,3,44,6,45,1,47,5","blockage,28,1,41,1,48,1","blocked,24,1,29,1,32,1,45,1","blocking,45,1","blocks,25,5,27,1,29,5,33,1,34,2,36,1,39,1,44,1,47,1","blood,18,1","blowers,26,2","blue,20,1,21,1,23,1,24,1,30,1,32,1,38,1","board,19,5,22,7,25,1,26,1,29,1,30,6,37,9,38,3,40,8,41,10,42,25,48,10,50,1","boards,37,36,40,47,41,4,42,47,48,2","bob,45,1","bodies,17,1,20,1,21,1,23,5,36,1,39,1,43,1,44,1,47,1","body,18,114,19,3,20,1,26,2,27,1,31,1,33,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,42,1,44,2,46,2,47,2","bofinger,44,3,47,2","boiler,43,1,50,3","bolts,25,1,29,1,41,1,42,1,45,1,48,1","bonanza,16,1","bonding,20,1","book,19,2","boost,36,1,39,1","booster,36,18,39,15,41,1,42,1,43,1,48,1,49,3,50,1","boots,18,2","booval,49,1","bordering,31,1,33,1","bore,24,1,32,1,50,1","bored,15,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,41,1","borehole,21,4,24,2,32,2,41,2,43,25,48,2,50,6","boreholes,20,3,21,4,24,8,25,1,29,1,32,8,43,6,50,2","boring,27,1,31,1,33,1","boston,46,1","both,13,2,15,4,16,8,17,4,18,2,19,11,20,3,21,3,22,8,23,9,24,4,25,13,26,1,27,5,28,4,29,10,30,14,31,7,32,4,33,5,34,8,35,3,36,3,37,3,38,14,39,2,40,3,41,10,42,10,43,7,44,5,45,8,46,8,48,10,47,5,49,2,50,4","bottom,21,2,22,1,25,1,34,1,35,3,36,2,39,2,41,3,42,2,43,1,45,17,48,3,50,2","bound,25,3","boundaries,23,5","boundary,25,1,27,1,33,1,34,2,45,1","bowen,16,3,19,1,20,5,21,4,24,2,26,1,27,1,31,1,32,2,33,1,41,1,48,1","box,18,2,19,1,24,1,32,1,49,1","boxes,20,1,45,1","br,18,4","braches,40,1","bracket,22,2","brainstorm,23,1","branch,16,9,25,1,27,1,28,5,29,1,33,1,37,7,40,8,41,6,42,6,43,6,44,10,45,21,48,6,47,10","branches,16,9,28,4,37,8,40,9,41,6,42,4,43,2,44,11,45,1,48,6,47,7","branching,19,2","brand,35,1","brattice,20,1,25,4,29,4,34,4,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,48,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","breach,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","breached,45,1","breaching,45,2","breadwinner,16,1","break,19,1,49,2","breakage,20,4,21,3,24,4,26,1,32,4,35,1","breakdown,16,2","breaker,26,5,31,1,32,1,33,1","breakers,15,1","breaking,24,3,27,1,30,1,32,3,33,1,38,1","breaks,16,1,20,1,46,2","breakthrough,26,17","breakthroughs,27,1,31,1,33,1","breath,36,1,39,1","breathe,26,1","breathes,27,1,31,1,33,1","breathing,24,1,31,1,32,1,33,1","brick,25,1,29,1","bride,20,2,21,3,24,1,32,1,35,1","bridge,44,3,47,2","brief,18,1,22,1,29,2,30,1","briefly,22,1,41,1,48,1,49,2","bright,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","bring,23,1,43,1,45,3,49,1,50,1","bringing,26,1,28,2,31,1,33,1,43,1,44,1,49,1,50,1","brings,27,1,31,2,33,2","brisbane,2,1,16,1,17,1,19,2,20,2,21,2,22,2,23,3,30,3,31,2,33,2,34,2,35,1,36,2,37,1,38,2,39,2,40,1,41,1,42,3,43,3,44,3,45,1,46,3,48,2,47,2,49,15,50,10","britain,26,1","british,19,1,22,7","brittle,25,1,34,1","broad,23,2,50,1","broadlly,19,1","broadly,16,1,19,1,30,1","brochure,26,1","broke,24,1,32,1","broken,15,1,20,1,43,1,45,2,46,1,49,3","brought,15,1,16,1,18,2,19,2,27,1,31,1,33,1,43,1","brown,23,1","browning,22,1","brumpton,18,6","bsl,20,3,24,6,26,3,32,7","bt,18,3","btmax,18,1","budget,23,1","budgeted,23,1","budgets,21,1","budryk,45,9","buffer,20,6,24,8,32,8","build,16,2,20,1,23,2,26,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,45,1,49,2","building,16,1,19,1,21,1,23,4,36,1,39,1","built,3,1,16,2,18,2,23,1,25,2,27,1,28,1,29,2,35,2,41,3,42,2,44,3,45,2,48,3,47,3,49,1,50,2","bul,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","bulb,18,9,22,1,46,1","bulk,23,1,25,6,29,6,34,4","bulkhead,34,1,37,5,40,2,41,5,42,7,48,5","bulkheads,25,4,29,4,34,1,37,1,41,1,42,2,48,1","bull,21,4,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","bulletin,46,1","bulli,45,1","bullion,16,19","bundle,27,1,28,2,30,1,33,1,38,1","buoyancy,43,13,44,13,45,5,47,11,49,4,50,7","buoyant,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","burden,46,1","bureau,19,1,37,4,40,4,41,4,42,4,44,2,48,4,47,2,49,2,50,2","bureaucratic,23,4","buried,25,1,34,1","burn,19,1,44,6,47,6,49,1","burned,44,5,45,1,47,5","burning,43,8,44,3,45,1,47,3,49,7","burns,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","burnt,44,2,47,1","burrows,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,3,48,2","burton,16,1","bus,16,18","bushings,35,2","business,16,2,23,1,25,1,29,1,34,1,50,1","buy,43,1","bypass,45,7,49,1,50,1","byproduct,19,1","byrnes,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","c12026,49,1,50,1","c6063,25,1,29,1","c8006,34,1","c9002,30,1,38,1","cable,22,1,25,8,34,7","cableman,30,1,38,1","cabs,18,1","calcinated,16,1","calcu,40,1","calculate,18,8,21,2,22,2,26,1,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,2,42,2,44,2,48,2,47,2","calculated,17,29,18,15,21,2,22,6,25,1,28,2,30,4,34,1,35,1,37,12,38,3,39,1,40,11,41,5,42,16,44,3,45,1,46,8,48,5,47,3","calculating,22,4,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","calculation,17,23,18,1,21,1,22,3,29,1,30,2,34,3,37,1,38,2,40,1,41,2,42,2,45,1,48,2","calculations,17,2,22,1,35,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,1,45,2,46,4,48,3","calibrate,25,1,41,1,46,1,48,1","calibrated,11,1,14,1,18,7,37,1,40,2,41,2,48,2","calibration,25,1,28,1,29,1,46,1,48,1","california,23,2","calizaya,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","called,18,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,4,44,1,45,1,48,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","calorific,44,1,47,1","cambridge,19,2","came,16,1,23,2","camera,43,1","camp,16,3,26,1","campaigns,21,2","campbell,50,2","campiom,23,1","camps,16,1","canada,16,1,20,2,21,4,24,2,32,2,36,1,39,1","canadian,17,2,30,1","canister,26,1","canning,48,1","cannington,16,1,41,13,48,14","cannot,15,4,16,1,19,5,22,1,23,2,25,2,34,1,35,1,36,1,37,2,38,2,39,2,40,2,41,1,43,1,46,1,48,1,49,1","canopy,30,1,38,1","canvas,22,1,37,5","canvent,28,1","cap,7,1","capabilities,27,1,28,1,31,1,33,1,36,2,39,2,43,3","capability,22,1,23,2,43,5,44,2,45,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","capable,19,5,25,2,29,2,31,1,33,1,34,2,35,2,36,1,39,1,40,1,46,1","capacities,23,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,34,1","capacity,19,1,20,1,23,1,24,1,25,25,26,7,28,1,32,1,34,15,35,2,36,1,39,2,41,3,48,4","capcoal,20,1,21,1,24,1,26,1,32,1,41,6,48,7","cape,36,1,39,1","capital,15,3,16,7,23,1,28,1,31,4,33,1,36,8,39,8","capitals,16,1","capped,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1","capricorn,26,1","capsule,18,3","capture,27,1,33,1,38,1,46,1","car,16,2,30,2","carbon,17,1,19,4,20,1,24,1,26,2,27,3,32,1,33,3,44,2,46,4,47,2,50,3","carbonate,24,3,32,3","carboniferous,20,2,21,1,24,1,32,1","care,21,1,24,1,32,1,40,1,41,1,46,1,48,1","career,16,5","careful,25,1","carefully,15,1,43,1,44,1,47,1","carried,15,1,17,2,18,1,20,4,21,1,23,1,24,6,25,3,26,2,28,1,29,1,30,1,32,5,34,2,35,2,38,1,41,2,42,2,43,2,44,1,46,1,48,2,47,1","carries,21,1,25,1,29,1","carruthers,36,2,39,2","carry,15,5,19,2,20,1,21,1,25,1,31,1,33,1,34,1","carrying,19,1,26,1,49,1","cartridge,24,1,26,4,32,2","cartridges,24,2,26,5,32,2","case,11,2,15,1,16,2,17,2,19,2,21,3,24,1,25,3,27,25,28,2,30,2,31,39,32,1,33,32,34,1,35,2,36,9,37,1,38,1,39,9,40,1,42,1,43,24,44,33,45,8,46,7,47,24,49,10,50,10","cases,16,2,19,1,21,1,23,3,26,1,27,2,31,2,33,3,37,2,38,1,40,1,42,1,43,11,44,7,46,1,47,7","casestudies,15,7","casestudy,15,23","cashdollar,19,1,29,1,34,1","cast,25,1,34,1","casten,37,2,40,2,41,2,48,2","catalyst,23,1","categorically,16,1","categories,16,1,21,1,25,1,29,1,30,3,36,1,38,3,39,1","categorisation,31,1","categorised,31,1","category,16,1,21,1,36,1,39,1","catenary,22,2","cathode,16,2","caulking,25,1,29,1","cause,16,1,17,2,20,1,21,1,23,1,24,4,25,2,26,1,27,1,32,4,33,1,34,2,43,6,44,3,47,3,49,4,50,6","caused,19,3,20,1,23,1,25,1,37,1,40,1,41,2,43,5,44,3,45,1,48,2,47,3,49,1,50,3","causes,18,1,21,1,23,1,24,1,26,1,28,1,32,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,2,43,5,44,10,45,1,48,2,47,9,49,5,50,5","causing,18,1,19,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,48,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","caution,25,2,34,1","caved,27,1,31,1,33,1","caving,25,1,29,1,30,1","cc,37,7,40,8,41,7,42,9,48,4","ce,21,2","ceases,16,1","cec,22,1","ceiling,20,2,21,2,24,2,32,2,46,1","cell,25,6,29,6,35,1","cells,25,1,29,1","cement,25,1,29,1,35,1","cementatious,25,17,29,10,34,16","cementitious,25,3,29,11,34,2","cent,15,4,16,1,17,18,19,21,21,1,24,1,44,1,47,1,49,12,50,10","center,22,3,25,1,29,1,30,1,38,1","central,16,3,20,3,21,2,24,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,32,1,35,1,41,11,48,11","centralisation,16,1","centre,15,1,16,1,17,1,20,1,25,1,29,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1,49,1","centreline,49,6","centres,16,1","centrifugal,22,1,45,1","certain,16,1,19,2,21,1,23,1,36,2,39,2,41,1,43,2,44,1,45,1,48,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","certainly,36,1,39,1","ces,20,1","cesana,17,7","cet,20,1","cfd,38,3","cfm,45,1","cfr,25,2,29,2","ch4,24,1,27,1,28,1,30,1,33,1,35,6,38,1,43,16,45,7,49,5","chain,19,1,25,12,29,12","chainage,21,15,24,2,32,2","chainsaw,21,1,35,1","chairman,13,1","chairperson,23,1","chalcopyrite,17,4","chalk,26,1","challenge,11,1,16,1,24,2,30,5,37,1,38,4","challenges,16,1,23,4,25,2,27,1,29,1,30,3,33,1,38,3","chamber,16,1,17,9,18,1,19,11,25,8,27,2,31,2,33,2,34,3,35,4,43,1","chambers,43,1","chance,30,1,38,1","change,3,1,16,9,17,3,18,3,19,1,22,5,23,7,25,2,27,1,28,4,29,1,33,1,34,1,36,1,37,3,39,1,40,10,41,7,42,1,43,2,44,2,48,7,47,2,49,4,50,1","changed,16,1,20,1,22,1,24,1,26,1,28,1,30,1,32,1,35,1,38,1,40,4,45,1","changeover,46,3","changes,3,1,14,1,18,7,19,1,22,1,23,4,25,9,26,2,27,1,28,6,29,6,30,2,33,1,34,3,35,1,36,1,37,16,38,1,39,1,40,27,41,23,42,3,43,7,44,8,45,2,48,18,47,8,49,4,50,6","changing,23,1,25,1,26,1,27,3,28,1,29,2,31,3,33,3,34,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,3,41,2,44,2,45,2,48,2,47,2,49,1","channel,21,1,25,1,34,1,35,1,50,1","channeled,38,1","channels,23,1","chap,43,1,44,1,47,1","chapman,19,1,36,1,39,1,46,1,49,1,50,1","chapter,17,1,36,2,39,2,46,1","char,49,5","characterisation,42,1","characterise,23,1,25,1,31,1,34,1","characterised,23,1,25,3,34,1,49,3","characteristic,15,1,17,2,19,2,37,4,40,4,41,5,42,5,48,4","characteristics,3,1,16,2,17,3,19,4,20,1,21,1,22,4,23,5,24,2,25,5,28,1,29,4,31,1,32,2,34,2,36,2,37,1,39,6,40,1,41,2,42,1,43,3,44,2,45,1,48,2,47,2,49,5,50,2","characterize,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,3,48,2","charbon,20,2","charge,46,1","charged,46,4","charging,39,1","charline,49,14","charred,49,1","charring,49,9","chart,41,1,42,1,48,1","charting,23,1","charts,18,2,44,1,47,1","chatelier,19,4","cheaper,16,1","cheapest,39,1","check,35,1,40,2,42,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","checked,22,1,44,1,47,1","checking,17,1,22,1,28,2,40,1","chemfix,25,1","chemical,17,3,19,2,20,9,21,3,24,15,25,1,30,3,32,20,35,1,38,2","chemically,19,1","chemicals,19,1,20,2,24,7,32,7,35,1","chemistry,19,2,20,2,21,2,23,3,24,1,26,2,32,1,43,1","chicago,36,2,39,2,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","chief,20,1","children,16,4","chiller,17,1","chimney,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","china,20,5,21,2,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1","chip,35,1","chlorine,19,1","choc,30,2","chock,20,5,24,1,30,15,32,1,38,24,44,3,47,3","chockman,30,13,38,13","chockmen,30,7,38,11","chocks,20,1,21,1,30,6,38,6","choice,21,2,23,1,25,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,34,1","choke,43,5,44,6,47,5,49,4,50,4","cholikidze,22,3","choose,45,1","choosing,16,1,21,1,25,1,34,1","chorosz,49,2","chosen,16,2,21,1,23,1,24,3,26,1,28,3,30,1,32,3,35,2,38,1","christopher,26,1","chromatograph,27,1,33,1","chronic,20,2","chronology,45,2","church,16,2","cig,50,1","cim,17,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","circle,27,1,31,1,33,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,50,1","circuit,24,1,28,1,31,1,32,2,33,1,41,1,44,3,46,1,48,1,47,2","circuited,15,1","circuiting,28,1,41,1,43,1,48,1","circuits,20,1,24,1,32,1,36,2,37,1,39,2,42,1,43,1,44,5,46,1,47,4,49,1","circular,22,3,37,2,40,2,41,1,42,2,48,1,49,1,50,1","circulate,23,2,35,1","circulated,16,2","circulates,35,1","circulating,35,1","circulation,18,1,22,1","circumstance,23,1","circumstances,19,2,25,2,29,2,34,1,35,1,49,1","citec,41,1","citect,48,3","cited,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","cities,16,2","city,16,5,36,2,39,2","civil,34,1","claim,16,1,25,3,29,3,34,1","claimed,16,1,25,1,29,1,34,1","clarification,23,4","clarified,15,1","clarify,23,6","class,20,2,24,2,32,2","classed,31,1,33,1","classic,46,1","classification,35,1","classifications,19,1","classified,25,2,29,2,30,5,38,5","classify,22,1","clean,30,1,35,1,38,2,46,1","cleaned,26,1","clear,16,4,17,1,20,1,23,2,43,5,45,1,50,1","cleared,46,2","clearer,30,6,38,10","clearers,38,1","clearing,46,2","clearly,16,1,19,1,21,1,23,3,25,2,26,1,30,2,34,3,38,2,43,1","cleat,24,4,29,1,32,2","cleats,24,6,32,6","cleaved,21,1","client,23,15","cliff,25,1,29,1,36,2,39,2","cliffs,23,1","climatic,18,6,44,2,47,2","climb,49,1","clipped,46,1","clips,22,1","close,16,3,17,2,21,1,22,3,36,1,39,1,43,7,45,1,48,1,50,5","closed,25,3,30,1,34,1,35,1,36,2,37,13,39,2,40,14,41,1,42,6,43,1,45,11,48,1,50,1","closely,21,1,23,2,25,1,33,1,34,1,41,2,48,2","closer,21,1,23,1,25,1,30,1,34,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,44,1,47,1","closing,16,1,43,1,45,2,46,1","closure,36,1,39,1","cloth,22,1,44,2,47,2","clothed,18,2","clothing,18,18","cloths,44,1,47,1","cloud,19,2","clouds,19,1","clouth,45,1","cm3,35,1","cmmccanada,20,4","co,20,2,24,2,25,1,27,1,28,1,29,1,32,2,33,1,34,1,35,3,43,17,44,1,45,11,46,29,47,1,49,17,50,1","co2,24,1,27,1,28,2,33,1,35,4,43,2,45,1","coach,23,1","coaching,23,3","coal,9,2,10,2,11,10,15,11,16,43,17,2,19,94,20,57,21,46,22,9,23,6,24,72,25,24,26,24,27,5,28,6,29,24,30,24,31,6,32,68,33,8,34,11,35,58,36,15,38,21,39,14,41,6,42,8,43,12,44,14,45,14,48,6,47,11,49,70,50,10","coal2005,49,12","coal98,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1","coalfields,36,2,39,2","coalmine,34,3,43,2,44,1,47,1","coals,19,1,24,2,32,2","coastal,16,4","coated,20,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,35,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","coating,20,4","code,25,5,29,5,34,4","coded,45,1","codes,25,2,29,3,34,2","coefficient,18,3,22,31,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,2,48,1","coefficients,22,3","coexisting,24,1,32,1","coincide,49,1","coincident,21,2","coincides,49,1","coke,49,2","coked,49,1","coking,16,5","cold,18,1","colinet,30,6,38,7","collaborative,23,5","collapse,25,1","collar,23,1","colleagues,16,5,30,1,38,1","collect,23,1,30,1,38,1","collected,17,1,20,3,21,10,22,1,23,3,24,2,25,1,30,4,32,2,34,1,35,4,38,4,40,1,45,2","collecting,23,3,45,1","collection,20,1,21,2,23,6,24,2,32,1,35,1,41,1,48,1","collectively,19,1","collieries,9,1,10,1,20,6,21,1,24,4,25,1,26,1,27,10,29,1,30,2,31,4,32,3,33,12,36,1,38,1,39,1,50,1","colliery,20,17,21,1,22,1,24,11,26,2,27,2,31,2,32,9,33,2,35,3,36,2,39,2,41,12,43,2,45,6,48,11","collinsville,20,3","collision,43,1","color,45,1","colorado,28,5,37,2,40,2,41,2,45,1,48,2","colour,3,1,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","column,22,1,40,5","columns,22,2,40,1","colwell,25,4,29,4","com,2,2,6,2,8,1,32,1,49,7","combat,36,1,39,1","combating,38,1,44,2,47,2","combination,17,1,18,2,19,1,24,1,25,1,26,4,27,2,31,1,32,1,33,2,34,1,35,1,46,3","combinations,44,2,47,2","combined,16,3,20,1,22,2,24,1,25,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,41,1,48,1","combines,45,1","combining,28,1","combustibility,25,1,29,1","combustible,17,1,19,9,25,1,29,2,44,1,47,1","combustion,3,1,11,1,19,9,25,3,27,7,28,2,29,5,30,2,31,14,33,11,34,2,36,5,38,1,39,5,41,1,43,10,44,8,45,7,48,1,47,7,49,31,50,14","come,21,1,45,1","comfort,18,2","comfortably,25,1,46,1","coming,16,1","comm,16,3,28,1","commenced,16,1,23,1,43,1","commencement,16,1,23,3,49,1","commencing,43,2","comment,23,2,25,1","commented,23,1","comments,16,1,20,1,23,1,28,1,30,3,38,3,43,10","commercial,23,4,24,1,34,1,50,1","commercially,22,1,24,1,26,1","comminution,35,1","commission,46,1","commissioned,41,1,48,1","commitment,23,1","committee,24,2,32,2,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","committees,13,1,43,1,44,1,45,1","common,15,1,16,1,19,1,21,2,22,1,23,2,27,3,31,2,33,3,37,1,40,1,42,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,2","commonly,15,2,17,1,19,1,22,1,27,2,30,2,31,2,33,2,36,1,37,1,38,2,40,1,41,1,42,1,46,1","communicate,23,3","communicated,23,1","communicates,28,1","communicating,16,1","communication,23,28,28,3,37,2,40,2,41,1,42,2,44,2,48,1,47,2,50,2","communications,1,1,2,1,3,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,28,4","communities,16,3","community,16,9","commute,16,14","commuting,16,2","companies,8,1,16,10,21,1,23,2,25,1,28,1,29,1,34,2,44,1,47,1","company,16,25,19,2,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,28,1,29,2,30,1,32,1,34,2,43,1,44,2,47,2,49,1,50,2","comparable,15,1,20,1,25,1,34,1","comparative,17,4","compare,16,1,17,1,22,3,25,1,28,2,36,2,37,1,39,2,40,1,41,1,44,1,48,1,47,1","compared,15,1,17,5,18,1,23,1,24,2,25,9,26,1,29,2,30,6,31,1,32,2,34,4,35,3,36,2,37,5,38,6,39,1,40,7,41,2,42,4,44,1,46,2,48,2,47,1","compares,25,1,29,2","comparing,15,1,17,3,20,1,21,3,25,1,30,1,34,1,35,1,38,2,40,1,45,1","comparison,11,1,15,2,16,1,17,6,18,3,21,3,22,5,23,1,24,1,25,11,26,1,30,1,31,1,34,8,36,1,37,3,38,1,39,1,40,3,41,1,42,7,45,1,46,2,48,1","comparisons,25,2,34,2,36,1,39,1,40,1","compatibility,23,1,28,1","compatible,17,4,19,1","competency,25,1,34,1","competent,17,1,25,1","competitive,23,2,25,1,29,1,34,1","complete,16,1,21,1,35,1,36,1,39,1,43,1","completed,16,3,23,2,25,2,27,1,28,3,29,2,33,1,34,1,39,1,44,1,46,1,50,1","completely,15,2,16,3,18,2,27,1,31,1,33,1,37,2,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,48,1","completing,18,1,22,1","completion,23,1,36,1,39,1","complex,19,1,20,1,21,2,22,2,23,2,24,5,25,2,27,1,28,1,32,5,33,1,34,2,35,1,38,2,41,1,42,1,43,5,44,3,48,1,47,2,49,8,50,14","complexity,23,3,25,2,34,1,36,1,39,1,43,4,44,1,45,1,47,1,50,3","compliance,25,2,30,3,34,2,38,2","complicated,22,1,24,1,28,2,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,1,48,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","complicates,46,1","complication,46,1","complications,28,1,43,1,50,1","complied,18,1","complimentary,36,1,39,1","comply,26,1","component,17,1,20,1,23,6,25,3,29,2,36,1,39,1","components,15,1,17,2,19,2,23,9,25,1,28,3,29,1,36,4,37,2,39,4,40,2","composite,25,6,29,5,34,5","composition,17,14,19,1,35,1,46,1","compositions,17,1","compounding,25,1","compounds,20,2,21,1,24,2,32,2","comprehensive,19,2,20,1,24,3,25,1,27,1,29,2,30,1,31,1,32,3,36,1,39,1,43,3,44,2,47,2,49,1","comprehensively,49,1","compressed,16,8,26,2","compressibility,45,1","compressible,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","compression,25,3,34,3","compressive,25,7,29,4,34,2","comprising,8,1,19,1","compromised,46,1","compte,20,1","computational,25,2,34,3,38,2","computed,18,1,25,1","computer,15,1,18,4,20,1,22,8,25,9,26,3,27,2,28,9,33,2,34,5,35,2,40,2,41,1,43,3,44,7,45,9,48,4,47,7,49,5,50,6","computerised,27,1,28,6,33,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","computerized,37,3,40,4,41,3,42,2,48,3","computers,22,1,28,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","coms,24,1","conc,16,11","concave,25,1,34,1","concent,46,1","concentrat,46,1","concentrate,17,12,23,2,24,1,32,1,43,1","concentrated,17,12","concentrates,16,1,17,2","concentration,15,2,17,16,19,54,20,12,21,20,24,16,26,22,27,1,28,7,29,3,30,7,31,1,32,18,33,1,35,7,38,7,43,5,46,16,49,19,50,3","concentrations,17,9,19,41,20,6,21,10,24,5,25,1,26,4,27,2,28,2,30,1,32,5,33,2,35,3,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,44,1,46,5,48,1,47,1,50,1","concentric,19,2,22,2","concept,15,2,16,1,18,18,19,1,20,1,22,1,25,1,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,39,1","concepts,18,1,31,1,36,2,39,2","conceptual,18,2,22,3,23,2,43,1","conceptualised,18,1","conceptually,18,1,28,1","concern,15,1,16,2,23,1,28,1,46,1","concerned,17,1,19,1,25,2,29,2,34,2","concerning,25,1,29,1,34,1,45,4","concerns,16,2,23,1,25,1,27,1,28,1,29,1,31,1,33,1","concert,25,1,29,1","concise,43,1","concluded,16,2,18,1,19,4,25,2,29,1,30,1,34,1,37,1,38,1,40,2,46,3","conclusion,16,2,17,1,21,1,25,3,27,1,28,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,34,2,43,1,50,1","conclusions,15,1,16,1,18,2,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,2,26,1,28,1,29,1,30,1,32,1,35,1,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,43,1,44,2,45,1,46,1,48,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","conclusive,20,1","concrete,25,32,27,1,29,9,31,1,33,1,34,17,41,1,42,1,43,1,45,1,48,1","concussion,25,1,29,1,42,1","condition,18,4,25,2,26,2,29,2,34,1,36,2,37,7,39,2,40,7,41,1,42,8,46,3,48,1,49,2","conditional,16,1","conditioned,23,1","conditioning,22,1,25,1,29,1,34,1,42,1","conditions,7,1,15,5,16,4,18,28,19,12,20,2,21,2,22,5,24,2,25,11,26,7,27,1,28,7,29,3,30,4,31,1,32,2,33,2,34,5,36,3,37,3,38,7,39,4,40,3,41,7,42,4,43,6,44,4,45,3,46,5,48,6,47,4,49,4,50,1","conduct,23,2,25,2,30,1,34,1,38,1,48,1,49,1","conductance,18,1","conducted,16,1,17,2,18,4,19,7,22,5,23,3,25,7,29,3,30,4,34,4,37,2,38,5,40,5,41,5,42,5,46,3,48,5","conducting,17,1","conduction,49,2","conductive,18,1","conduit,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,3,48,2","cone,32,3","conf,42,4","conference,16,2,17,1,19,7,20,1,21,1,24,2,25,2,29,1,30,1,31,1,32,1,35,1,36,2,37,1,39,1,41,2,42,1,43,2,44,1,45,1,48,1,49,13,50,1","confidence,17,2,18,1,20,2,21,1,22,4,23,1,24,1,25,1,28,1,31,1,32,1,36,2,39,2,40,1,45,2,46,3","confidential,30,1","confidentiality,23,1","confidentially,23,2","configu,38,1","configuration,15,1,25,8,26,1,28,3,30,2,34,4,37,1,40,1,42,1,46,6","configurations,25,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,2,44,2,46,2,48,1,47,2","confined,18,1,36,1,39,1","confinement,25,1,29,1","confines,34,1","confirm,17,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,46,3","confirmation,22,1","confirmed,17,2,19,1,20,1,25,1,46,1","confirms,17,1,19,1,25,1,34,1","conflagration,44,1,47,1","conflict,23,5","conflicting,23,3","conflicts,16,1,23,1","conform,23,1","confusion,23,1","cong,18,2,43,1,44,4,47,4","congress,13,3,17,1,18,1,20,1,28,2,30,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,35,1,36,2,38,1,39,2,45,2,49,4,50,12","congruence,23,17","congruencies,23,1","congruency,23,2","conjunction,20,1,26,2,36,1,39,1,43,2,50,3","connect,18,1,22,1","connected,22,2,25,2,26,2,29,1,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,43,2,44,1,45,2,48,1,47,1,50,3","connecting,15,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,43,1,44,1,45,2,47,1,50,1","connection,23,1,44,16,45,2,47,13","connections,29,1,44,10,45,1,47,9","connector,35,1","consciousness,20,2,23,1","consequence,15,1,16,1,19,1,43,1","consequences,23,1,43,1,44,1,49,2,50,2","consequent,37,1,42,1,43,3,44,4,45,1,47,4,49,1,50,4","consequentially,16,1","consequently,16,2,17,2,22,1,25,1,28,1,34,1,41,1,48,3","conservative,26,1,46,10","conservatively,15,1,24,1,26,1,32,1,46,3","consider,16,5,18,1,23,3,25,2,29,2,31,2,34,2,36,10,38,1,39,11,49,1,50,2","considerable,14,1,16,3,17,1,23,1,25,3,27,1,28,2,30,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,37,2,38,1,40,2,41,2,44,1,46,1,48,2,47,1,49,2","considerably,15,1,18,1,25,2,34,2","consideration,18,1,22,2,25,2,27,1,28,2,29,4,31,6,33,2,35,1,36,18,38,1,39,22","considerations,16,1,25,1,26,1,27,3,29,3,30,2,31,1,33,3,35,1,36,6,38,1,39,5,43,1,50,2","considered,15,3,16,7,17,2,18,2,19,5,20,1,22,1,23,5,25,5,26,3,27,2,28,1,29,4,30,10,31,9,33,4,34,2,36,19,38,9,39,20,40,1,42,1,43,2,45,2,46,2","considering,16,1,17,1,22,2,25,1,27,1,29,1,30,2,31,4,33,4,36,4,38,1,39,5,50,1","considers,16,1,23,1,36,1,39,1","consist,37,3,40,1,41,1,42,4,48,1","consisted,20,1,23,1,24,2,25,1,26,1,28,1,32,2,34,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,45,1,46,1,48,1","consistency,46,1","consistent,18,1,23,1,30,1,35,1,38,1,46,2","consistently,16,1,23,1,37,1,40,1,42,1","consisting,16,1,23,2","consists,17,1,21,1,41,1,44,1,48,1,47,1","conspec,28,1","constant,18,3,19,1,22,11,25,2,26,2,29,1,34,1,35,1,36,1,39,1,42,1,43,5,44,3,45,1,46,4,47,3,49,2","constantly,20,1,21,1,24,1,28,1,27,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,36,1,39,1","constants,18,4,22,5","constituent,19,1","constituents,19,1","constitute,16,1,19,1","constraining,36,1,39,1","constraints,31,1,33,1,36,2,37,4,39,2,40,4,41,3,48,3","constriction,44,1,47,1","constrictions,43,2,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","construct,16,1,19,1,25,2,29,2,34,1,36,2,39,1","constructed,16,4,20,1,22,2,25,5,29,3,31,1,34,4,36,1,37,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","constructing,16,3,36,1,39,1","construction,15,2,16,3,22,2,24,1,25,10,26,1,29,9,32,1,34,4,35,1,37,2,40,2,41,1,42,3,48,1","constructions,42,1","constructive,23,2","consultancy,23,20","consultant,23,12","consultants,20,1,23,7,27,1,33,1","consultation,23,7","consultative,23,1","consulting,13,2,23,8","consults,8,1","consumables,36,2,39,3","consume,49,1","consumed,15,1,19,1,49,3","consumes,49,1","consuming,17,5,24,1,32,1,35,2","consumption,18,1,36,2,38,1,39,3,49,1","contact,1,1,2,8,3,1,5,2,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,16,1,19,1,23,2,49,1","contain,20,1,21,3,24,3,30,1,32,3,35,2,44,1,47,1","contained,17,1,25,1,28,3,30,1,34,1,35,2","container,20,1,21,2,24,1,32,1,35,6","containers,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1","containing,15,1,19,1,20,2,21,2,24,3,25,1,32,3,35,1,41,1,48,1","containment,35,1","contains,18,1,21,1,38,1","contaminant,15,1,21,1,24,1,28,4,27,1,31,5,32,1,33,5,36,2,39,2,46,11","contaminants,3,1,13,1,16,6,36,2,39,2,44,1,46,7,48,1,47,1,50,1","contaminate,15,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","contaminated,15,3,20,1,26,5,27,1,30,1,31,2,33,2,38,1,43,5,44,4,46,2,47,4","contaminating,24,1,26,2,32,1,36,1,39,1","contamination,28,1,26,2,27,2,31,2,33,2,39,1,41,1,43,2,44,2,48,1,47,2,49,1,50,1","contemplated,16,1","contemplating,43,1,50,1","content,17,9,19,1,20,7,21,4,23,1,24,5,27,3,32,4,33,2,35,11,36,1,39,1,44,1,47,1,49,5,50,3","contents,17,6,27,2,33,2","context,23,3,25,3,29,2,31,1,34,2,36,6,39,5","contingency,23,1","continual,22,1,28,1","continually,23,1,26,1,48,1","continuation,39,1","continue,16,2,19,1,23,1,49,7,50,1","continued,19,1,30,1,31,1,36,2,39,2,41,1,43,1,48,1,49,2","continues,27,1,31,1,33,1,35,1,48,1,49,9","continuing,19,1,28,1,45,1,50,1","continuity,27,1,31,1,33,1","continuous,16,2,18,2,20,3,23,1,24,2,26,1,30,1,32,2,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,2,42,1,45,2,46,1","continuously,7,1,18,1,20,1,24,1,28,1,32,1,41,1,48,1","contour,21,18,50,2","contoured,20,1","contouring,21,3","contours,20,1,21,4,50,1","contract,23,2,31,2,36,1,39,1,46,1","contracta,37,6,40,6,41,6,42,6,48,4","contracted,23,1","contraction,25,1,29,1,37,4,40,4,41,4,42,6,48,2","contractors,16,3,25,1,29,2,31,1,33,1","contracts,36,1,39,1","contradicting,36,1,39,1","contrary,24,1,32,1,46,1","contrast,24,1,32,1","contribute,16,1,18,1,19,1,23,1,36,2,38,1,39,2","contributed,20,2,23,1,24,2,30,2,32,2,38,3","contributes,23,1","contributing,16,3,30,1,38,1,43,1,49,1,50,1","contribution,17,1,20,1,21,1,30,2,38,2","contributions,17,1,22,1,28,1,26,1,30,7,38,7","control,1,1,3,2,5,1,10,1,11,5,13,1,16,2,17,5,18,1,19,3,20,11,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,10,28,17,26,3,27,1,29,8,30,31,31,2,32,2,34,10,36,6,37,6,38,20,39,6,40,5,41,12,42,7,43,19,44,3,45,5,46,1,48,14,47,3,49,8,50,10","controllable,28,1","controlled,17,1,18,3,20,3,21,1,22,1,24,1,28,1,26,2,30,1,32,1,36,3,38,1,39,3,42,2,43,1,46,1,48,2,49,1,50,1","controlling,20,1,23,2,30,1,38,1,44,2,45,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","controls,17,1,19,1,21,1,26,2,30,7,35,1,36,4,38,6,39,4,43,1,49,1","convection,18,1,43,2,44,1,47,1,49,2,50,1","convective,18,2","convenient,15,1,45,1","conveniently,17,1","conventional,16,1,25,2,26,9,45,1","converge,22,2","convergence,25,8,34,5,36,1,39,2","convergenceinduced,34,1","convergent,23,1","converges,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","converging,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","conversely,44,1,47,1","conversion,28,2,43,1,44,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","convert,24,1,32,1","converted,20,2,21,1,22,1,24,2,32,1,36,1","converting,21,1,22,1,39,1","convex,25,1,34,1","convey,45,1","conveyed,24,1,35,1","conveyer,25,1,45,1","conveying,20,1","conveyor,15,1,20,12,21,1,24,6,26,11,27,4,31,5,32,4,33,5,43,5,44,4,45,3,47,4,50,6","conveyors,26,1","cool,18,1,43,1,44,3,47,3,49,1,50,1","cooler,49,1","cooling,18,6,41,1,44,1,46,2,48,1,47,1,50,1","cooperation,16,1,23,2,25,1,30,3,38,3","coordinate,19,2,21,1","coordinated,23,1,31,1,33,1","coordinating,23,2","coordination,23,2","coordinator,13,1","copper,16,5,19,1,20,4","copy,1,1,2,1,3,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1","cord,45,2","core,18,23,20,3,21,4,23,1,24,7,27,1,31,1,32,7,33,1,35,7","cores,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,3","corner,20,1,24,2,32,2","corners,41,1,42,1,48,1","corporation,36,1,39,1,45,1","correct,17,1,25,1,31,1,33,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,44,1,48,2,47,1","corrected,21,1,25,1","correction,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","correctly,17,1,43,2,44,3,47,2,49,1","correlate,18,2,25,1,46,1","correlated,20,1,21,1","correlating,21,3","correlation,17,2,18,2,20,4,21,6,22,6,24,1,32,1,34,1,35,1,46,6","corresponding,18,1,19,1,22,1,40,1","corresponds,40,1","corrosion,20,6,24,2,32,2,35,1","corrosive,20,3,21,1,24,3,32,3","cortemp,18,11","cory,11,1,20,2,21,1,24,1,32,1","cost,15,16,16,4,17,2,21,1,24,5,25,2,28,1,26,6,27,2,29,1,30,1,31,12,32,5,33,4,34,1,35,2,36,32,38,2,39,34","costed,24,1,26,4,32,1","costing,36,2,39,3","costly,17,3,21,1","costs,7,1,15,2,16,5,24,1,25,2,28,2,26,1,29,1,31,12,32,1,33,2,36,23,39,23,41,1,46,5,48,1","could,16,9,17,1,18,1,19,9,20,4,21,3,22,6,23,1,24,4,25,7,28,3,26,3,29,2,30,5,32,4,33,1,34,5,35,1,36,3,37,1,38,5,39,3,40,2,41,2,42,2,43,6,44,5,45,6,46,8,48,2,47,5,49,6,50,2","couldn,25,1,29,1","coulomb,25,1,34,1","council,20,1","counterbalanced,30,1,38,1","counterparts,30,1,38,1","countries,18,2,24,1,25,2,29,3,30,6,32,1,34,1,38,4","country,15,1,38,2","county,45,1","couple,43,1,44,1,47,1","coupon,20,1","coupons,20,2","course,19,1,21,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,43,5,48,1,50,1","coursed,15,2,27,2,31,2,33,2","courses,9,2,10,2,14,1","courts,9,1,10,1","cover,16,1,17,1,35,2,36,1","coverage,16,2,30,1,38,1","coveralls,18,1","covered,25,1,28,1,29,1,34,1,37,1,42,1,43,3,44,1","covering,21,2,25,2,29,1,30,2,38,1,44,1,47,1","coward,19,12","cpt,18,2","cr,24,1,29,1","cracking,25,1,29,1,43,1","cracks,31,1,33,1","cracow,44,1","cragen,23,1","craig,41,2,48,2","cram,30,3,38,3","crcs,23,1","create,22,1,23,3,25,1,29,1,34,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","created,21,1,23,1,43,2,44,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","creates,16,1,30,1,38,1,44,1,47,1","creating,19,3,21,2,23,1,30,1,31,1,33,1","creation,27,1,33,1","creativity,23,1","creditable,43,1,44,2,47,2,49,1","creek,20,21,21,3,24,10,32,16","creep,25,2,34,2","crew,49,4","crews,16,1,24,1,32,1,49,2","crib,26,1,46,1","crinum,20,1,25,1,29,1,43,2","criteria,18,1,19,1,23,1,25,3,29,3,34,1,36,7,39,7,45,8","criterion,25,1,34,1","critical,17,2,27,2,31,2,33,3,35,2,36,2,38,1,39,2,43,1,44,2,46,7,47,2,49,1,50,1","critically,27,1","cro,49,2","croker,26,3","cross,21,1,22,4,27,1,33,1,35,1,36,1,37,3,39,1,40,4,41,1,42,3,48,1","crosscut,15,1,25,2","crosscuts,15,2,25,2","crucial,16,3,23,1","crush,35,1","crushable,25,1,34,1","crushed,16,3,35,6","crusher,20,4,24,2,30,2,32,3,35,1,38,2","crushes,25,1","crushing,17,1,24,1,25,3,32,1,34,2,35,7","crust,20,2","csection,41,1,48,2","csiro,20,2,44,1,47,1","csm,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,34,1","ct,41,1,43,1","cu,16,8,19,5","cubed,39,1","cufes,17,6","cufes2,17,10","cultural,23,6","culture,23,12,24,1,32,1","cultures,23,2,24,1,32,1","cumulative,7,1,35,1,49,1","curing,25,1,29,1","current,7,3,11,2,18,3,20,2,23,4,24,2,25,10,28,3,26,3,27,18,29,6,30,2,31,21,33,22,34,13,36,4,38,1,39,3,40,1,41,2,43,6,44,12,45,1,46,6,48,2,47,11,49,1,50,4","currently,3,1,9,1,10,1,15,2,16,6,19,1,22,1,25,5,28,1,26,1,27,4,29,4,30,1,31,3,33,6,34,6,35,1,36,3,38,1,39,3,41,2,43,2,44,3,45,2,46,2,48,2,47,3,49,2,50,1","currents,43,2,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","curtain,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,45,2","curtains,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","curvature,21,6,25,3,34,2","curve,17,1,18,1,19,9,21,2,22,5,26,4,36,1,39,1,46,3","curves,15,1,17,1,18,6,19,8,37,3,40,3,41,3,42,4,46,7,48,2","curvilinear,25,1,34,1","customer,23,2","cut,16,3,18,1,20,3,21,1,24,1,25,3,27,5,29,2,31,8,32,1,33,7,36,1,39,1,40,2,41,1,42,1,43,4,44,1,46,3,47,1,49,1,50,6","cutoff,25,1,34,1","cuts,22,1,46,1","cutthrough,43,1","cutthroughs,29,1,34,1,43,1","cutting,19,1,20,9,21,4,24,6,26,1,27,1,30,33,32,6,33,1,35,1,38,29,45,1","cycle,11,1,23,3,25,4,27,1,29,4,33,1,46,2,48,1","cycles,40,1","cyclic,44,1,47,1","cylinder,35,1","cylindrical,35,1","czech,36,1,39,1","d2,22,1","daily,14,1,16,2,20,3,26,1","dam,16,3","damage,17,1,20,4,24,1,25,1,32,1,34,1,41,1,46,1,48,2,49,1","damaging,35,1","damper,22,2","damping,25,1","danger,44,1,46,1,47,1","dangerous,43,2,49,2","dangers,46,1","dans,20,4","dark,19,1","dartbrook,50,1","dashed,27,1,31,1,33,1,43,1,44,1,47,1","data,14,1,16,7,17,6,18,3,19,21,20,5,21,96,22,11,23,21,24,7,25,12,28,15,26,1,29,4,30,6,32,8,34,5,35,6,36,1,37,8,38,6,39,1,40,10,41,21,42,4,43,5,44,5,45,6,46,5,48,19,47,5,49,5,50,2","database,27,1,30,6,38,6,41,2,48,2","databook,22,1","datataker,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,2","date,16,2,23,1,28,1,27,1,33,1,41,2,43,1,44,4,45,2,46,1,48,2,47,3","dated,30,1,38,1","dates,43,1,50,1","dating,24,1,32,1","davidson,45,1","day,11,2,16,3,20,2,21,1,25,2,34,3,43,1,46,6","days,16,41,21,3,24,1,32,1,43,1,46,1,50,1","dc,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,2,48,2","dd,37,1,40,1","dead,22,1,37,2,40,2","deal,21,1,23,4,24,1,32,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,46,2","dealing,24,1,28,1,36,6,39,6,43,1","dealt,27,5,33,5,36,2,39,3","death,18,1,20,2,21,1,24,2,26,1,32,2","debrief,23,1","decade,16,1,23,1,25,2,29,1,30,1,34,1,38,1","decades,15,1,27,1,33,1","decay,46,7","decays,46,1","december,20,1,28,5,26,5,27,5,29,5,41,1,48,1","decentralisation,16,1","decide,16,1,21,1","decided,16,3,22,1,37,1,40,1,41,2,48,2","decision,16,15,23,3,25,3,34,2,36,4,39,5,43,1,45,1,49,2,50,1","decisions,36,1,39,2,43,1","decline,15,1,41,2,43,3,44,2,46,1,48,2,47,1","declines,15,1,50,1","decomposition,20,1,21,1","decoupling,25,1,34,1","decrease,19,3,21,1,22,1,28,1,26,2,36,1,37,2,40,2,41,1,44,1,46,1,48,1,47,1,49,2","decreased,18,1,19,1,24,1,26,1,27,1,32,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,3,44,3,45,3,48,1,47,3,49,1,50,1","decreases,17,1,35,1","decreasing,30,2,38,2,39,1,49,1","dedicate,23,1","dedicated,43,2,44,2,47,2","deep,18,2,46,1,49,1","deeper,27,1","deferred,36,2,39,3","deficiency,22,1,43,1,44,1,47,1","definable,19,1","define,19,1,21,1,23,3,36,1,39,1","defined,17,3,18,5,19,11,21,2,22,2,23,5,25,1,26,1,29,1,34,1,36,1,39,1","defines,21,1","defining,19,4,21,2,43,1,46,1","definite,17,1","definitely,16,3,30,1,38,1","definition,18,3,19,2,23,2","definitions,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1","deflagration,19,1","deflected,34,1","deflection,25,18,34,9","deflections,34,1","deformation,25,1,34,1","degradation,36,1,39,1","degrade,39,1","degree,16,3,19,1,21,4,22,7,23,4,25,2,28,1,27,1,33,1,34,1,36,3,37,1,39,2,43,1","degrees,30,1,38,1,43,2,44,2,45,1,47,2","deguingand,19,2","delay,20,1,21,2,31,2,35,1,36,5,37,1,39,4,40,1,41,1,46,3,48,1","delayed,21,1","delays,21,1,31,1,36,4,37,1,39,2,40,1,41,1,46,1,48,1","delegate,23,1","delhi,28,1,26,1,27,1,29,1","deliac,44,2,47,2,49,2,50,2","deliberate,23,1","delineate,21,1,35,1","delineated,20,1,41,1,48,1","delineates,19,1","deliver,15,1,22,3,28,1,42,1,44,1,48,1,47,1,50,2","delivered,9,1,10,1,15,1,22,4,28,1,26,1,30,2,38,1,46,1,48,2,50,1","delivering,41,1,48,1","delivers,32,1","demand,16,1,21,1,26,4,48,1","demanding,23,1","demands,16,1,19,1,23,6,26,2,39,1","demography,16,1","demonstrate,17,4,40,1,43,3,44,1,45,1,47,1","demonstrated,17,6,21,1,22,1,23,4,24,3,25,1,28,1,26,2,27,1,31,2,32,3,33,3,36,2,37,1,39,2,40,1,41,1,46,3,48,1","demonstrates,17,3,23,2,38,1,46,3","demonstrating,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1","denitrificans,24,5,32,5","density,20,1,21,1,22,1,24,1,25,5,29,4,32,1,34,3,41,1,42,1,43,6,44,6,46,1,48,1,47,4,49,6,50,6","denver,25,1,29,1,34,1,38,1,45,1","department,15,2,16,5,18,4,19,2,20,2,21,4,23,11,24,4,25,1,26,1,29,1,31,2,32,6,33,2,34,3,35,3,43,1,45,1,46,1,50,2","departmental,23,1","departments,16,4,20,1,21,1,23,3","depend,18,1,22,1,25,1,43,1,44,1,45,2,47,1","dependant,22,1,31,1,33,1,36,2,39,2","dependence,19,1","dependent,19,1,22,2,25,2,29,3,31,1,33,1,35,1,39,1","depending,18,1,20,1,21,2,24,1,25,3,29,3,32,1,34,1,41,1,42,1,43,2,44,1,45,1,48,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","depends,18,2,19,1,20,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,43,3,44,4,45,1,47,4,49,2,50,3","depicted,18,1,19,1","depletion,19,1","deployed,26,1","deposit,17,1,35,1,41,2,48,2","deposited,19,1","deposits,16,1,20,2,21,3","depreciation,36,1,39,1","depressed,19,2","depression,19,3,46,1","deprived,16,1","dept,23,1","depth,25,4,27,2,29,3,30,1,31,2,33,2,34,1,35,1,36,1,39,1,41,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,2,48,1,47,1,49,2,50,1","deputies,38,1","deputy,20,2,30,2,38,1,49,5","derating,19,1","derivation,17,2,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,42,2","derive,22,1","derived,17,5,19,1,21,3,22,3,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,3,42,2,46,1,48,3,49,1","derosa,49,1,50,1","des,20,7","descensional,45,4","descensionally,45,2","descensonal,45,1","descentional,43,3,44,4,47,3,49,3,50,4","descentionally,45,1","describable,19,1","describe,16,1,17,1,19,1,22,5,23,3,28,1,31,1,46,2","described,16,1,17,2,18,4,19,5,22,2,23,2,25,2,28,3,26,1,29,1,31,1,32,1,34,4,35,2,37,6,40,6,41,7,42,4,43,3,44,3,45,2,46,1,48,6,47,3,49,5,50,2","describes,17,2,19,2,23,1,25,1,26,1,30,2,36,2,37,2,38,1,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,2,48,2","describing,19,1,22,1","description,18,2,25,1,46,2","descriptions,12,1","desensitises,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","design,1,1,2,1,3,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,2,10,2,11,2,12,1,13,2,14,1,15,4,17,1,19,1,20,2,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,4,25,45,28,6,29,29,31,7,32,4,33,1,34,25,35,3,36,35,38,2,39,39,41,2,42,1,46,7,48,3","designate,23,2","designated,17,1,26,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1","designed,17,1,18,1,20,1,25,10,28,1,27,2,29,7,32,1,33,2,34,6,35,1,36,2,39,2,41,1,43,2,44,1,45,1,48,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","designing,23,1,25,1,29,1,34,1","designs,24,1,25,16,26,2,29,6,30,2,32,2,34,13,35,1,36,4,38,1,39,5","desired,23,1,25,2,26,2,29,1,34,2","desorb,35,1","desorbed,20,1","desorbing,20,1","desorption,20,4,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,2","desouza,36,1,37,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,46,3,48,1","despite,16,2,20,1,21,1,23,1,35,1,36,1,39,1,45,1,46,1,49,1","destroyed,42,1","destruction,25,6,27,1,29,3,33,1,34,4","detail,16,2,21,1,31,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,49,2","detailed,7,1,16,3,17,1,18,2,20,1,23,4,26,1,30,3,35,1,38,1,41,1,43,1,46,4,48,1,50,1","details,16,1,19,2,20,1,21,2,25,1,27,1,29,3,30,6,33,1,34,1,35,1,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,8,43,3,48,8,50,1","detect,20,2,21,1,24,1,28,1,32,1,35,1,37,3,40,5,41,5,48,4","detected,24,1,26,1,32,1","détecter,20,1","detecting,20,1,28,3,35,2,41,2,48,3","detection,20,5,21,1,24,4,28,2,32,4,40,2,41,1,43,2,44,2,45,2,48,1,47,2,49,3,50,1","detector,20,1,24,1,32,1,35,10","detectors,35,1","detects,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","deterioration,15,1","determinant,23,1","determination,17,3,18,1,19,4,22,2,26,1,46,2,50,1","determinations,19,1,29,1,35,1","determine,15,1,16,5,17,3,18,1,19,4,20,6,21,12,22,5,24,3,26,2,30,1,32,3,35,5,38,1,40,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,4,47,1,49,1,50,2","determined,16,1,17,6,18,1,19,10,20,2,21,4,22,3,23,1,24,3,25,2,29,2,32,2,34,1,35,3,37,1,40,2,41,3,42,1,43,1,44,3,45,3,46,7,48,3,47,3","determines,18,1,46,1","determining,17,1,18,1,19,1,21,4,24,3,28,1,32,2,34,2,35,2,36,1,39,1,41,1,43,3,46,5,48,1,49,1","detonation,11,1,17,2,46,4","detonators,25,1","detrimental,23,1,46,1","develo,39,1","develop,16,4,17,1,18,3,21,1,23,5,25,5,28,3,30,1,31,1,34,4,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,43,1,45,1,48,1,49,10","developed,3,1,7,1,15,2,16,5,17,6,18,7,19,1,20,2,21,3,22,13,23,1,24,4,25,6,28,15,26,4,27,2,30,2,31,2,32,4,33,2,34,3,35,7,36,9,37,4,38,2,39,10,40,4,41,2,42,2,43,5,44,5,45,8,46,1,48,1,47,3,49,8,50,8","developing,14,1,16,1,17,1,18,2,23,2,29,1,31,1,34,1,36,5,39,5,43,2,49,1,50,2","development,3,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,5,13,1,14,1,15,5,16,22,17,1,18,9,19,2,20,9,21,6,22,4,23,10,24,5,25,8,28,13,26,8,27,24,29,5,30,7,31,24,32,6,33,25,34,4,35,7,36,17,37,4,38,2,39,18,40,4,41,4,42,1,43,22,44,20,45,8,46,30,48,6,47,16,49,26,50,2","developments,16,3,22,1,28,1,30,2,35,1,36,1,38,3,39,1,43,1,44,2,47,2,49,2,50,3","develops,22,1,25,1,34,1,49,2","deviation,17,1,25,1,43,1","device,22,1,25,2,29,4,35,2,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","devices,11,1,15,2,24,1,25,7,29,4,31,3,32,1,34,5,35,1,36,6,37,2,39,6,42,2,43,1,50,3","deville,23,5","devoted,43,1","dhanbad,28,1,26,1,27,1,29,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","dhumphreys,49,1","di,38,1","diagnose,23,3","diagnosing,23,2","diagnosis,23,2","diagnostic,17,1,25,1","diagonal,21,1,44,32,47,28","diagonally,21,1","diagram,18,1,19,1,25,4,34,1,35,1,37,1,40,1,44,1,47,1","diagrams,19,2,50,1","dialogue,23,1","diameter,22,22,25,3,27,7,31,10,33,10,34,3,35,2,36,4,37,1,39,4,40,1,41,2,42,1,43,1,45,2,46,2,48,2,49,1,50,2","diameters,22,2","diamond,16,2","diaphragm,25,1","dick,23,2","dictated,16,1","dictates,15,1","did,16,5,19,2,20,2,21,2,23,2,29,1,36,1,39,1,43,3,45,1,46,1","didn,43,1","diecast,35,1","diesel,19,10,36,1,39,1,43,7,44,9,46,1,47,9,50,3","diff,37,2,40,2","differ,23,1,25,1,28,1,29,1,34,1","difference,17,1,18,2,19,1,20,2,21,2,22,3,25,1,27,3,30,3,31,1,33,1,34,2,37,8,38,2,40,8,41,3,42,8,43,2,44,1,45,1,46,3,48,2,47,1,49,2,50,2","differences,15,1,16,2,17,4,22,2,23,7,24,1,25,7,26,1,32,2,34,5,37,2,40,3,41,1,42,2,46,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","different,16,6,17,5,18,5,19,1,20,1,21,13,22,4,23,3,24,5,25,6,28,5,27,1,29,1,30,4,31,3,32,5,33,1,34,3,35,4,36,7,37,3,38,5,39,7,40,3,41,3,42,2,43,6,44,7,45,4,48,3,47,7,49,2,50,5","differential,22,2,28,3,27,1,31,2,33,1,36,2,37,2,39,2,40,3,41,25,42,4,43,2,44,2,48,16,47,2","differentials,25,2,29,2,36,3,39,3","differentiated,23,1","differing,16,2","differs,19,1","difficult,16,8,18,2,19,4,20,3,21,1,23,2,24,3,25,3,28,1,26,3,31,2,32,4,33,1,35,2,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,1,41,3,42,3,43,4,44,1,48,3,47,1,49,3,50,6","difficulties,16,1,19,1,23,3,44,1,47,1,49,2","difficulty,16,2,20,1,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,2,48,1","diffraction,17,2","diffuse,23,1,35,1","diffusing,23,1","diffusion,20,1,24,1,32,1","diffusivity,35,1","digestive,18,1","digital,22,1","dilute,16,2,26,2,27,2,30,1,31,1,33,1,38,2,43,1,48,1,50,1","diluted,24,2,31,2,32,2,33,2,50,1","diluting,26,1,46,1","dilution,24,1,26,2,32,1,38,2,43,2,46,7,50,11","dimension,19,1,21,3","dimensional,19,17,25,2,34,1,49,1","dimensionless,22,3","dimensions,15,1,19,1,25,4,28,2,27,2,29,2,33,2,34,5,36,1,38,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,46,4,48,1","diminishes,49,1","dioxide,19,4,20,1,21,1,24,1,27,2,32,1,33,2,44,1,46,2,47,1,50,3","dip,13,1,43,6,44,7,47,7,49,2,50,6","dipping,43,5,44,1,47,1,50,4","direct,16,1,18,3,19,1,22,2,23,2,24,1,28,2,32,1,34,1,35,5,39,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","directed,27,1,31,5,33,5,38,1,43,1,45,1","directing,38,1","direction,15,2,20,1,21,3,23,2,24,4,25,3,28,1,26,2,29,2,32,3,38,1,42,1,43,9,44,9,45,2,47,9,49,3,50,4","directional,27,1,30,1,33,1,38,1","directions,20,2,21,1,23,1,25,1,29,2,42,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","directly,15,2,16,1,17,2,18,2,21,4,22,1,23,4,24,1,25,1,28,1,26,1,30,5,31,1,32,1,34,1,35,3,36,1,38,4,39,1,41,1,45,3,48,1,49,1","director,44,1","directory,41,1,48,1","dirt,22,1","dirwa,46,2","disadvantage,26,1","disadvantaged,16,1","disadvantages,16,2,35,2","disagree,16,1","disagreed,16,1,25,1,29,1","disagreeing,16,1","disagreement,18,1","disaster,15,1,19,1,43,2,44,1,45,1,47,1","disasters,19,1","discard,18,1","discernible,24,1,32,1","discharge,24,1,32,1","discipline,23,2","disciplined,24,3,32,2","discomfort,18,1","disconnected,43,1,45,1","disconnection,45,1","discontinued,36,1,39,1","discontinuity,19,2","discounted,39,2","discovered,16,2,41,1,45,1,48,1","discrepancy,17,1","discrete,22,5,31,1,33,1,46,1","discussed,15,2,16,2,18,1,19,1,23,3,24,1,25,4,26,1,27,1,29,1,30,1,31,1,33,2,34,2,35,1,36,4,37,2,38,2,39,4,40,2,41,3,43,4,44,6,45,1,46,1,48,3,47,6,49,3,50,5","discusses,21,3,27,1,33,1,46,1","discussion,15,1,26,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,48,1","discussions,16,1,23,3,25,1,29,1,34,1,36,1,39,1,45,1","disincentive,16,1","dislike,16,3","dislikes,16,1","dispense,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","dispensed,25,1","dispensing,28,1","disperse,19,2","dispersed,17,1","dispersion,17,1,19,1","dispersive,19,2","displacement,19,1,25,5,26,1,34,1","displacements,34,1","display,7,1,17,1,18,1,20,1,24,1,28,1,32,1,41,5,45,1,48,6,49,1,50,1","displayed,16,1,18,1,40,1,41,3,48,4","displaying,28,1","displays,28,1","disposable,18,1","disposal,26,1","disproved,26,1","dispute,18,1","disregarded,22,1","disruptions,16,1","disruptive,25,1,29,1","disseminate,23,2","disseminates,23,1","disseminating,23,1","dissolve,24,1,32,1","distance,16,4,21,21,22,16,23,3,24,4,25,4,29,1,30,1,32,4,34,2,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,2,44,2,46,7,48,1,47,2,49,1,50,7","distances,19,1,31,1,33,1,46,3","distinct,21,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,49,3,50,1","distinctive,19,1","distorted,37,1,40,1,42,1","distortion,25,2,34,2","distribute,36,1,39,1","distributed,21,3,22,3,24,1,25,1,32,1,34,1","distributing,31,1,33,1","distribution,16,4,17,3,21,11,24,3,25,3,28,3,26,1,29,3,30,2,31,3,32,3,33,2,34,2,35,3,36,3,38,1,39,3,43,1,44,1,48,2,47,1,49,18,50,1","distributions,31,1,33,1,49,1","district,31,5,36,6,39,6","disturb,30,2,38,2,48,1","disturbance,16,2,22,1,25,1,29,3,34,1","disturbed,48,1","disturbing,48,1","diurnally,31,1,33,1","diverse,21,1,23,1","diversity,23,1,45,1","divide,19,1,49,1","divided,21,1,22,1,23,1,25,1,27,1,29,1,30,2,33,1,34,1,36,1,38,2,39,1","divider,45,1","dividing,19,1,22,1","dividual,28,1","division,25,1,29,1,45,1","dixon,19,3","dme,36,1,39,1,46,1","doc,15,4,16,4,17,4,18,4,19,28,20,4,21,4,22,4,23,14,24,4,25,22,28,4,26,4,27,4,29,4,30,16,31,4,32,4,33,4,34,4,35,4,36,4,37,4,38,4,39,4,40,4,41,4,42,4,43,4,44,4,45,4,46,4,48,4,47,4","doc09,21,13","doc23,17,8","docking,3,1,43,3,50,4","doctor,18,1","document,43,1","documentation,23,3","documented,18,1,23,1,30,1,38,1","dog,49,4","doing,23,1,46,1","dollars,16,1","domain,19,1","dome,16,2","domestic,37,1,42,1","domicile,16,5","domiciled,16,4","dominant,25,1,34,1","dominate,24,1,32,1","dominated,49,1","doncaster,22,1","door,29,1,37,12,40,10,41,41,42,28,43,4,45,9,48,23,50,4","doors,15,3,25,1,29,1,34,1,37,7,40,4,41,3,42,7,43,9,45,7,46,7,48,3,50,5","dore,16,4","dosages,20,1","doses,20,1","dotiki,50,1","dots,21,2","double,17,1,23,2,25,1,26,1,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,2,44,1,45,1,48,1,47,1","doubled,30,1,38,1","doubt,16,1,18,1,25,1,29,1,30,3,34,1,38,3,41,1,42,1,43,2,48,1","doubts,25,1,29,1,34,1","down,15,6,18,1,19,2,20,1,22,2,24,3,25,1,27,1,31,1,32,3,33,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,42,1,43,36,44,18,45,1,46,1,47,18,49,1,50,1","downcast,27,1,31,1,33,1,41,1,43,1,44,1,47,2","downcasting,27,2,31,2,33,2,39,1,45,2","download,7,1","downloading,46,1","downowstcanta,50,1","downs,16,3","downstream,22,5,43,1,44,4,47,4,49,1,50,1","downtime,36,1,39,1","downward,30,1,38,1","downwind,43,2,44,3,47,3,49,16,50,2","dozen,9,1,10,1","dp,17,56,22,1","dq,22,1","dr,2,4,16,1,19,2,20,1,29,1,30,1,38,1","draeger,19,1,35,1,46,1","draft,43,2,44,3,47,2,49,2,50,2","drag,46,1","drager,35,2","drain,24,1,32,1","drainage,27,4,29,5,30,3,33,3,35,2,38,1","draining,31,1,33,1","dramatic,21,2,50,1","dramatically,19,1,26,2,30,1,38,1","drastic,47,1","drastically,43,3,44,2,47,2","draw,15,1,19,1,21,1,22,1,36,1,39,1","drawback,43,1","drawing,21,1,41,2,42,3,43,2,48,2,50,3","drawn,16,2,18,1,26,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,48,1,50,2","draws,15,1,31,2,36,2,39,2","dries,49,1","drift,21,2,25,3,27,1,33,1,37,3,40,2,41,2,42,2,43,8,45,66,48,1,50,4","drifts,41,1,45,5","drill,35,2,43,3","drilled,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,2,43,1,46,1,50,1","drillhole,20,1","drilling,16,1,20,4,21,10,24,2,32,2,35,7,36,1,43,5","drive,16,3,19,1,20,1,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,3,42,3,48,3,49,1,50,1","driven,16,1,28,1,38,2,50,1","driver,35,1,37,1,42,1","drivers,28,1","drives,31,1,33,1,35,1,49,1","drop,21,1,27,1,31,3,33,3,37,14,40,12,41,17,42,27,43,2,48,16,50,1","drophole,27,1,31,1,33,1","droplet,20,2","dropped,45,1","dropping,36,1,39,1,43,1","drops,40,4,50,1","droves,16,1","drum,20,9,21,12,24,7,26,1,32,6,35,18","dry,18,2,22,1,30,1,35,1,46,1","dsta,21,1","dt,17,56","du,20,7,22,1","dual,23,1,27,1,31,1,33,1","ducer,48,1","duckworth,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","duct,20,5,22,55,26,2","ductile,25,2,34,1","ducting,9,1,10,1,11,1,22,96,26,3,27,2,33,2,46,14","ductive,46,1","ducts,22,7","due,15,2,16,15,17,2,18,2,19,12,20,6,21,6,22,8,23,3,24,5,25,3,28,3,26,1,27,7,30,3,31,9,32,5,33,8,35,1,36,7,37,3,38,3,39,9,40,3,41,7,42,4,43,10,44,8,45,1,46,4,48,7,47,8,49,9,50,3","dull,20,1","dump,15,1","dumped,15,4","dumping,15,1,26,1,43,1","dumps,15,1","dunnette,23,1","dunphy,23,3","duplicate,35,1","durable,22,1","duration,18,1,20,1,21,1,24,2,25,5,26,1,32,2,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,2,47,1,49,1,50,1","during,3,1,11,1,16,1,18,7,20,17,21,22,23,5,24,11,25,5,28,1,26,9,27,4,29,1,30,14,31,3,32,11,33,4,34,2,35,11,36,2,37,3,38,15,39,3,40,6,41,7,42,5,43,15,44,13,45,9,46,7,48,8,47,11,49,10,50,7","dus,38,1","dust,3,1,7,11,9,1,10,1,11,4,14,1,17,110,19,121,20,1,22,1,24,2,25,1,26,3,27,5,30,225,31,6,32,2,33,6,35,3,36,1,38,207,39,1,45,3,50,1","dustiness,30,1","dusts,9,2,10,2,13,1,17,18,19,5","dusty,28,1,38,1","duties,23,3,36,1,39,1,46,2","duty,15,3,22,1,36,5,39,4","dux,11,2,25,2,34,3","dva,32,1","dwsync,51,8","dx,22,2","dying,24,1,32,1","dynamic,3,1,22,1,25,5,28,2,29,2,34,1,40,1,41,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,48,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","dynamically,43,1","dynamics,19,1,23,4,25,1,34,1,38,2,43,1,44,1,47,1","dyne,23,1","dzidziguri,22,3","dziurzy,43,1,44,3,47,3","dziurzynski,43,2,44,4,45,4,47,4,50,2","dziurzyñski,49,5,50,3","e1226,19,2","e1515,19,2","e162,25,1,29,1","ear,46,1","earer,30,1,38,1","earley,23,1","earlier,18,1,19,1,21,1,30,2,35,1,38,2,43,1","early,16,3,17,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,32,1,41,1,43,1,48,2,49,2,50,3","earth,20,1,21,2,23,3,25,1,29,1","easers,46,1","easier,16,1,21,1,35,1,36,1,39,1","easiest,36,1,39,1","easily,16,1,19,2,23,3,28,1,48,1","east,24,1,26,1,32,1,41,1,48,1","easy,16,1,21,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,34,1,35,4,36,1,39,1,42,1,43,1,46,1","eckroth,20,3,21,2","economic,9,1,10,1,11,2,15,1,16,3,18,1,20,1,21,1,28,1,26,1,27,1,31,18,32,1,33,1,36,52,39,53,43,1,44,1,47,1,50,1","economical,23,1","economically,16,1","economics,1,1,5,1,10,1,13,3,16,1,27,4,31,4,36,10,39,10","economy,25,4,34,2","econotrim,46,1","edge,22,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,2","edged,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1","edges,42,1,49,1","edic,37,2,40,2,42,2","edit,41,2,48,2","edited,23,1,41,2,48,2","edition,17,1,23,2,36,4,37,2,39,4,40,2,41,2,42,3,48,2","editor,24,1,32,2,33,1,34,1","editorial,13,1","ediu,30,1","edmonton,17,1","eds,18,1,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,36,1,39,1,49,3,50,3","educate,23,1","education,1,1,5,1,10,1,16,2,23,2,44,1,47,1","eek,24,1","eemt,43,1","effect,15,2,18,1,19,17,20,2,21,22,23,1,24,5,25,6,26,3,29,1,30,4,32,5,34,2,38,3,43,21,44,25,45,3,46,1,47,22,49,18,50,16","effected,31,1,33,1,35,1","effective,18,2,20,2,21,1,23,10,24,2,25,1,28,1,26,3,30,1,32,3,34,1,35,1,36,2,38,2,39,2,43,3,45,1,46,1","effectively,16,1,23,1,26,1,43,1,48,1,50,1","effectiveness,19,1,20,2,22,1,23,14,28,1,30,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,41,1,48,1,50,1","effects,11,4,18,6,19,3,20,6,21,3,22,1,23,3,24,3,25,5,28,1,26,2,29,1,32,3,34,2,38,1,40,3,41,2,43,30,44,24,45,4,46,2,48,2,47,20,49,26,50,24","efficiencies,23,1,36,1,39,1","efficiency,15,10,22,1,23,5,24,3,26,8,32,5,36,1,39,2,43,1","efficient,18,1,21,1,26,1,41,1,43,2,46,1,48,2,50,4","efficiently,16,1,17,1,23,1,24,2,32,1,48,1","effort,19,1,24,1,28,1,30,2,32,1,38,4,40,1,41,1,43,1,44,2,45,1,48,1,47,2,49,1,50,2","efforts,36,2,37,2,39,2,40,2,41,2,42,3,44,1,48,2,47,1,49,1","eg,16,6,23,3,25,1,28,1,26,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,34,2,41,2,43,3,44,2,48,1,47,2,49,1,50,2","egg,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","egress,15,2,25,1,29,2,49,1","egulator,41,1,48,1","eight,16,4,20,1,21,1,28,1,26,1,29,1,41,1,48,1","eighteenth,19,1","eighth,13,2,21,1,22,1,23,1,40,1,49,1,50,9","either,15,2,16,4,17,1,18,4,19,2,20,1,21,2,22,1,23,1,25,2,27,1,30,1,31,3,33,1,35,1,38,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,43,3,44,2,46,2,48,1,47,2,50,1","elastic,21,1","electric,20,2,24,1","electrical,15,8,20,1,24,1,25,1,26,3,32,1,35,3,37,1,40,1,44,1,47,1","electrically,25,1","electrician,30,1,38,1","electricity,36,2,39,1","electrochemical,20,1,24,1,32,1,35,1","electron,19,1","electronic,14,1,18,1,21,1,22,3,24,2,28,4,32,2,35,2,49,2","element,23,2,25,13,34,6,35,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","elements,23,5,25,1,29,1,36,4,39,4,49,1","elevation,18,2,21,1","elevator,45,6","eleven,25,1,29,1,31,1,34,1","eliminate,18,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,34,1,35,1,37,1,40,2,41,2,44,1,48,2,47,1","eliminated,16,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,32,1,39,1","eliminates,21,1,31,1,33,1","eliminating,26,1,31,1","elimination,50,1","ellalong,22,1","elsevier,19,1","elsewhere,23,1,25,1,34,1,36,1,50,4","elvers,20,2,21,2,24,2,32,2","emag,36,1,39,1","email,19,2,49,3","embedded,23,1","eme,20,1,24,1,32,1","emerald,16,2","emerged,16,1,23,1","emergence,23,1","emergency,1,1,3,1,5,1,10,1,11,1,15,1,25,1,28,5,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,43,31,44,6,45,8,47,6,49,5,50,17","emerging,11,1,16,2,23,2,25,1,29,4","emission,19,2,20,3,24,2,28,1,26,1,32,2,35,1,43,1,50,1","emissions,15,2,19,1,20,7,21,1,24,4,28,2,26,2,32,5,35,2,36,2,39,2,46,1","emitted,35,2,43,1,50,3","emitting,45,1","emphasis,15,1,22,1,23,3,30,1,31,1,42,1,45,1,46,1,50,1","emphasise,15,2,26,1,43,1,49,1","emphasised,16,1,23,1,25,1,34,1","emphasising,23,1,27,1","emphasize,45,1","emphasized,36,1,39,1,45,1","empirical,18,1,19,1,22,1,25,1,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,44,1,46,5,47,1","empirically,19,1","employ,16,1","employed,14,1,16,2,18,2,21,1,23,1,26,2,27,1,30,1,31,2,33,2,37,1,38,1,40,1,42,1,44,1,47,1","employee,16,27,18,6,24,1,26,2,32,1","employees,11,1,16,89,18,8,20,1,24,2,32,2","employées,20,1","employing,16,2,18,1,22,1","employment,16,19","emptive,43,1","emulates,18,1","emulating,28,1","enable,16,1,18,1,28,3,43,1,46,3","enabled,20,3,23,1,25,1,34,1,50,1","enables,17,1,19,1,20,1,26,1,45,1","enabling,45,1","enact,45,1","enclave,16,1","enclose,25,1,29,1","enclosed,34,1,35,1","enclosing,25,1,34,1,35,1","enclosures,20,1","encompass,19,1","encompassing,27,1,33,1","encounter,49,3","encountered,16,1,20,4,21,2,24,1,26,1,32,1,37,1,40,1","encounters,49,2","encouraged,23,1,26,1,49,1,50,1","encourages,23,1","encouraging,20,2","encyclopaedia,20,2,21,2,24,1,32,1","end,7,1,16,2,20,2,22,2,23,1,24,1,25,3,26,2,32,1,34,1,39,1,41,1,43,2,46,11,48,2,50,2","endeavors,39,1","endeavour,25,1","endeavours,25,1,34,1,36,1","ends,21,1,22,1,24,2,32,2,35,1","energies,19,3","energy,15,1,16,7,17,1,19,25,23,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,43,2,44,3,45,3,47,3,49,2,50,2","enforced,19,1,25,2,34,2","eng,13,1,22,1","engaged,46,1","engine,19,2,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,43,4,48,1,50,7","engineer,16,1,19,1,22,2,36,2,39,2,41,2,44,1,46,1,48,2,47,1,49,1,50,1","engineered,37,1,42,1","engineering,1,1,5,1,7,1,10,1,13,5,15,1,17,1,18,7,19,5,20,2,21,4,22,1,23,1,24,4,25,5,28,1,26,3,29,4,30,2,31,5,32,6,33,4,34,9,35,3,36,7,37,2,38,1,39,7,40,2,41,4,42,9,43,1,44,3,45,2,46,1,48,5,47,1,49,1,50,5","engineers,17,3,18,1,19,1,21,1,22,2,23,1,25,1,29,1,34,1,38,1,43,1,44,1,45,2,48,1,47,1,49,2,50,2","engines,19,2","england,36,1,39,1","englewood,23,1","english,22,2,36,1,39,1","engulfing,44,1,47,1","enhance,16,1,19,1,22,1,23,3,25,1,43,1","enhanced,16,1,22,2,38,1","enhances,16,5,34,1","enhancing,23,1","enlighten,36,1,39,1","enormously,23,1","enough,16,1,18,1,19,1,22,2,23,1,25,1,26,1,27,2,31,1,33,2,35,1,43,4,44,2,45,2,48,1,47,2,49,1","ensham,16,1","ensure,16,1,17,1,22,2,23,20,24,2,25,1,26,2,27,1,29,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,35,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,42,1,46,2","ensured,19,1","ensures,23,1,24,2,32,2","ensuring,23,1,24,1,25,1,32,1,46,2,48,1","entails,26,1","enter,18,2,20,1,21,1,43,2,46,1,50,1","entered,20,1,46,1,49,2","entering,15,1,18,1,24,2,32,2,35,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,49,2","enters,22,2,26,1,42,1","entire,22,3,23,1,28,1,36,1,39,3,45,1,49,1","entitled,16,1","entity,28,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","entrain,38,1","entrapped,46,2","entries,25,2,27,4,29,2,31,4,33,4,34,1,35,1,36,3,39,3,43,9,44,5,47,5,49,1,50,3","entry,11,1,15,2,22,1,23,1,25,1,26,2,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,36,3,39,3,43,9,44,8,45,1,46,75,48,1,47,6,49,10","envelope,19,7,44,1,47,1","envelopes,19,1","envirn,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","environment,7,1,16,1,17,2,18,13,19,6,20,4,21,2,23,17,24,7,25,4,28,6,26,6,27,5,29,2,30,1,31,1,32,8,33,4,34,3,36,2,37,1,38,2,39,2,40,1,41,1,43,2,44,2,45,1,46,10,48,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","environmental,16,2,18,7,19,3,21,1,22,1,23,1,28,3,26,1,30,1,36,3,37,1,38,1,39,3,40,1,41,1,42,2,46,2,48,1","environments,18,4,23,1,28,1,26,1,30,2,36,2,38,1,39,2,41,2,48,2","envisaged,37,2,40,2,41,2,48,2","eory,46,1","ep3,24,2,26,5,32,2","eq,46,19","equal,16,1,17,1,18,1,21,2,22,4,43,1,44,1,47,1","equalisation,15,2","equalise,15,1","equally,17,1,21,1,25,1,36,1","equals,18,3,25,1","equated,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","equates,26,1","equation,18,15,22,18,37,13,40,13,41,8,42,23,46,5,48,8","equations,18,3,22,12,37,1,40,1,41,6,42,1,46,10,48,6","equilibrium,18,4,35,3","equip,37,1,40,1,41,1,44,1,48,1,47,1","equipment,16,2,17,1,18,1,19,8,20,5,22,1,24,6,25,3,28,1,26,4,27,1,30,5,31,3,32,6,33,2,36,2,38,4,39,2,41,1,46,2,48,1,50,2","equipped,24,1,35,1","equivalent,16,7,41,12,42,14,48,11","equvilent,41,3,42,3,48,3","erected,20,1,25,1,27,2,29,1,31,2,33,2,34,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","error,17,11,21,1,22,2,28,2,37,2,40,6,42,3,45,1,46,1","errors,17,3,21,3,24,1,32,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,46,1","escape,15,2,28,2,30,1,43,7,44,5,45,1,47,5,49,2,50,1","escaped,30,2,38,2,43,1","escapes,30,1,38,1","escapeways,3,1,43,4,44,4,47,4,49,1,50,1","escarpment,45,1","especially,16,2,17,2,19,1,21,2,25,1,31,2,33,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,44,1,47,1","essential,23,1,25,1,34,1,44,3,47,2,49,1","essentially,15,1,17,1,21,1,24,1,25,2,32,1,34,1","est,20,1","establish,16,3,17,1,18,5,21,1,24,2,25,1,28,1,26,4,27,1,29,1,31,2,32,2,33,1,36,5,37,1,39,6,40,1,41,2,42,1,44,2,46,1,48,2,47,2","established,15,2,16,16,18,2,19,2,21,2,22,2,23,1,24,2,25,3,28,4,26,2,29,2,30,1,31,11,32,2,33,1,34,2,36,11,37,2,38,1,39,6,40,3,41,1,42,3,44,4,46,1,48,1,47,4,49,1","establishing,15,1,17,1,18,1,31,2,36,2,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,43,1,45,1,48,1","establishment,28,1,34,1,36,1,39,1","estimat20,46,1","estimate,20,4,22,1,26,1,44,2,46,3,47,2","estimated,17,2,18,2,24,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,30,2,32,1,35,1,38,1,43,3,44,2,45,1,47,2,49,2,50,2","estimates,22,1","estimating,46,1","estimation,17,1,26,1,35,1,46,3","estimations,35,1","était,20,1","été,20,1","ethane,19,2","etrs,20,3","eturn,32,1","etwork,28,1","europe,20,1,21,1,24,1,30,1,32,1,35,2,36,2,38,1,39,2","european,19,1,30,1,33,1,36,1,38,1,39,1","evacuate,43,2,49,1","evacuated,17,1,43,2","evacuating,43,2,49,1","evacuation,1,1,3,1,5,1,10,1,19,1,43,3,44,3,47,3","evacuations,49,1","evaluate,17,6,22,3,23,2,25,1,30,3,31,2,36,6,37,1,38,2,39,3,40,1,41,1,43,1,48,1","evaluated,17,1,18,2,19,1,20,2,23,3,25,1,29,1,31,1,36,2,37,1,39,1,40,2,41,1,48,1","evaluating,7,1,17,4,19,1,23,1,25,1,32,1,35,2,36,2,39,4","evaluation,1,1,5,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,2,11,1,13,1,15,1,17,2,18,2,19,1,20,1,23,4,25,4,29,3,30,2,34,4,35,1,36,13,37,2,38,1,39,13,40,2,41,1,43,1,48,1","evaluations,36,1,39,1,40,1","evaporated,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","evaporation,18,1","evaporative,18,1","even,16,2,17,1,19,1,21,1,22,1,24,2,25,3,32,2,34,2,35,2,36,3,39,3,40,1,41,1,44,1,45,1,46,2,48,1,47,1","evenly,21,2,36,1,39,1","event,15,2,19,1,25,2,29,3,36,3,39,3,43,4,44,1,45,4,47,1,50,1","events,19,1,23,1,24,1,25,2,32,1,34,1,36,1,39,1,45,1,46,1","eventually,21,1,49,2","everyone,23,3","everywhere,49,1","evidence,16,6,19,2,24,3,30,1,31,1,32,3,38,2","evidenced,30,2,38,2","evident,16,3,17,1,19,1,23,3,35,1,49,1","evolution,23,1","evolved,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1,44,1,47,1","evolves,40,1","evolving,15,1,27,2,33,2","ex,39,1,46,5","exacerbate,23,1,30,1","exacerbated,30,3,38,2","exacerbates,27,1,31,1,33,1","exacerbating,27,1","exact,12,1,19,1,21,7,34,1,46,1","exacting,27,1","exactly,21,5,31,1","exaggerate,25,1","exaggerated,46,1","examination,16,2,17,3,19,2,21,1,24,2,26,1,30,1,32,2,37,2,38,1,40,2,41,2,42,1,43,1,46,1,48,2,49,1,50,1","examinations,20,1","examine,15,1,25,7,28,1,29,1,30,2,34,4,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,1,43,5,44,3,45,2,46,3,48,1,47,3,49,4,50,4","examined,15,1,16,1,17,2,18,1,19,4,23,1,24,1,25,2,26,4,29,4,30,4,32,3,34,1,37,2,38,4,40,2,41,3,42,1,43,9,44,1,46,2,48,3,47,1,49,5,50,7","examines,15,1,16,1,21,1,25,2,29,4,30,2,35,1,38,2,43,1,46,1,49,7,50,5","examining,11,1,15,1,21,1,30,2,34,1,46,1,47,2,49,3,50,1","example,15,2,16,1,17,2,18,4,19,2,20,2,21,1,23,2,24,1,25,2,28,1,27,3,30,2,31,3,32,1,33,3,35,1,36,14,37,1,38,2,39,16,40,1,41,6,42,7,43,3,44,3,45,1,46,4,48,8,47,3,49,1,50,2","examples,15,1,18,1,25,1,27,1,31,2,33,1,36,3,39,3,43,7,44,2,45,1,46,1,47,2,50,6","excavations,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","exceed,18,1,24,2,25,2,29,2,32,2,46,1","exceeded,24,1,25,1,26,3,30,1,32,1,34,1,38,1,44,1,46,2,47,1","exceeding,20,1,21,1,25,1,30,1,38,1,46,3,49,1","exceeds,18,2,49,3","excel,50,1","excellent,45,1","except,17,1,20,1,25,4,27,1,29,4,30,1,31,1,33,1,34,2,38,1,43,1,44,1,47,1","exception,36,2,39,2","exceptions,27,1,33,1","excess,18,1,19,1,24,1,26,1,30,1,35,1,38,2,46,2,49,2","excessive,18,1,27,2,31,4,33,4,36,1,39,1","excessively,21,2","exchange,18,1,23,1,25,1,28,1,29,1","excluding,35,1","exclusively,33,2","exemption,15,2,20,1,24,1,26,2,31,1,32,1,33,1","exemptions,15,1,35,1","exercise,18,8,21,2,22,3,23,1,28,1,26,1,31,1,36,1,39,1,40,2,42,1,43,15","exercised,25,1,34,1","exercises,3,1,14,2,18,1,40,1,41,1,43,4,44,6,45,1,48,1,47,6,49,1,50,3","exerted,35,1","exhaust,19,9,26,3,41,1,43,1,48,1,50,6","exhausted,27,2,31,2,33,2,36,1,39,1,41,1,48,1","exhausting,20,2,22,1,26,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,39,1,45,1,49,1","exhaustive,36,1,39,1","exhausts,19,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,50,1","exhibit,17,1,19,1,46,1","exhibited,24,1,30,3,32,1,34,1,38,2,49,1","exhibiting,50,1","exhibition,35,1","exhibits,17,1","exist,16,2,19,1,22,1,23,3,25,2,27,1,29,1,31,2,33,1,34,1,36,4,39,5,43,1,44,2,45,2,46,1,47,2","existed,16,1,28,1,36,1,39,1,45,1","existence,19,1,20,3,22,1,28,1,26,1,27,1,36,1,39,1,44,1,47,1","existent,43,1","existing,16,5,22,1,25,5,28,3,27,1,29,1,30,2,31,5,33,3,34,2,35,1,36,5,38,3,39,6,43,2,44,7,45,1,47,7,49,3,50,4","exists,16,1,19,3,23,1,25,3,27,1,29,2,31,1,33,1,34,2,36,6,37,1,39,5,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,3,46,2,48,1,47,3,49,1,50,3","exit,22,1","exiting,22,1","exp,20,1,24,1,32,1,46,1","expand,19,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","expanded,19,3,23,1,25,1,29,1,36,1,39,1,41,1,48,1","expanding,25,1,29,1","expands,49,1","expansion,25,2,30,4,34,1,38,3,43,5,44,4,45,2,47,4,49,5,50,4","expect,23,1,46,1","expectation,16,1","expectations,23,12","expected,15,1,16,6,18,5,19,1,20,1,22,2,23,1,24,1,25,4,28,3,26,4,27,1,29,1,32,1,33,1,34,4,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,1,43,2,46,2,48,2,49,2,50,1","expelled,41,1,42,1,48,1","expend,16,1","expended,28,1","expenditure,36,1,39,1","expense,15,1,16,1,23,1,36,2,39,5","expensive,15,1,17,2,35,2","experience,7,1,9,3,10,3,13,2,14,1,16,1,18,3,20,6,21,3,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,32,1,35,1,36,3,39,3,43,2,44,2,46,1,47,2,49,1","experienced,8,1,16,5,20,2,22,1,25,2,26,2,29,1,31,1,33,1,35,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,42,1,50,1","experiences,13,1,20,1,23,2,26,1,30,3,31,1,38,3,46,2,50,1","expériences,20,1","experiencing,16,2","experiment,19,1,20,1,23,1,24,1,26,2,32,1,35,1","experimental,17,6,19,7,21,9,22,7,25,1,28,2,26,3,29,1,34,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","experimentally,22,1","experimentation,18,1","experiments,18,2,19,3,20,1,35,1","expert,9,1,10,1,23,1,28,1,36,1,39,1","expertise,9,9,17,1,19,1,23,3,25,1,34,1,36,1,39,1","experts,30,2,34,1,38,1,43,2","expl,17,1","explain,23,1,46,1","explained,19,2,23,2,30,1,38,1,45,1","explains,23,1","explanation,16,1,24,1,30,1,32,1,38,1","explode,17,1,25,1,34,1","exploison,34,1","exploitation,20,2,24,1","exploitées,20,1","exploration,8,1,20,1,21,7,24,1,28,5,32,1,35,5","explore,23,1","explosibilities,17,2","explosibility,11,1,17,74,19,42,35,1,50,1","explosible,9,1,10,1,19,2,27,1,31,1,33,1,36,3,39,3,43,3","explosibolityy,19,1","explosion,17,97,19,51,25,76,29,16,34,56,43,9,44,1,45,3,47,1,50,8","explosions,17,9,19,9,25,8,29,1,34,9,36,1,39,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","explosive,17,23,19,15,25,4,27,1,29,5,33,1,34,1,43,2,44,2,46,1,47,2,50,1","explosiveness,19,1","explosives,46,2","expolsibility,11,1,17,1","exponential,21,9,26,1,46,4","exponentially,44,1,47,1","exposed,20,3,21,3,24,2,30,4,32,2,35,2,38,5,46,2,49,1","exposure,7,3,16,4,18,3,20,9,21,6,24,5,25,1,26,4,30,20,32,5,34,1,38,20,46,20","exposures,16,4,20,1,21,1,24,1,26,1,30,2,32,1,38,3,46,3","expressed,16,5,18,2,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,2,28,1,26,1,37,2,40,2,41,1,42,2,45,2,46,1","expressing,22,1","expression,22,1","extend,16,2,19,1,36,3,39,3","extended,16,11,17,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,1,25,1,26,1,30,1,34,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,43,1,46,1","extending,16,1,23,1,26,1","extension,16,5,25,2,34,1,36,1,39,1","extensive,3,1,7,1,9,1,10,1,13,1,15,2,16,2,18,1,19,1,20,2,22,1,24,2,25,2,26,1,29,2,30,2,31,1,32,2,37,1,38,2,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,46,1,48,1","extensively,25,1,29,1","extent,15,1,19,1,20,2,21,3,22,3,28,1,26,1,35,2,36,1,39,1,43,3,44,2,45,1,47,2,49,1,50,1","external,18,2,23,27,45,5","externally,43,1","extinction,19,3","extinguish,43,2,49,1,50,2","extinguished,49,1","extinguisher,50,1","extinguishing,50,1","exto,25,2,29,2","extra,15,1,16,1,31,1","extract,31,1","extracted,21,1,24,1,25,1,27,1,29,2,30,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,38,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,50,1","extracting,27,1,30,1,31,1,33,1,35,1,36,1,38,1,39,1","extraction,15,2,16,1,20,1,21,2,24,1,25,1,27,3,29,6,30,14,31,1,32,1,33,2,38,12,46,1","extraite,20,1","extrapolate,19,1","extrapolated,46,2","extrapolating,21,1,25,2,34,1","extrapolation,19,1,25,1,26,1,46,2","extreme,20,1,21,1,24,1,27,2,31,2,32,1,33,2","extremely,16,3,20,2,21,2,24,2,25,1,26,1,32,2","extremes,25,1","extricating,43,2","extrinsic,23,1","eye,21,3,23,1","eyes,21,1","fabric,22,7,41,1,42,4,48,1","fabricate,24,1,35,1","fabricated,24,1,25,1,29,1,34,1","face,15,14,16,1,19,3,20,31,21,39,22,6,23,1,24,24,25,11,28,2,26,45,27,19,29,6,30,42,31,28,32,25,33,33,34,6,35,9,36,2,38,41,39,2,42,1,43,37,44,13,46,25,47,13,49,8,50,23","faced,25,1,26,1,30,7,34,1,38,7","faceline,25,1,29,1,44,1,47,1","faces,15,3,16,1,21,1,24,2,25,1,26,2,27,1,30,15,32,2,34,1,36,3,38,18,39,3,41,1,43,1,44,1,48,1,47,1,49,1","facets,21,1","facilitate,23,3,28,1,27,3,31,4,33,4,43,1","facilitated,23,3,28,3,27,1,33,1,37,1,40,1,43,1","facilitates,28,2,36,1,39,1,48,1","facilitator,23,13","facilities,23,1,24,2,25,5,32,2,34,4,43,1,46,1,50,2","facility,25,10,29,4,34,12,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","facing,15,3,24,1,26,1,27,1,32,1,33,1","fact,16,5,19,2,36,1,39,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,2,47,1","factor,16,4,17,14,21,6,22,7,25,1,26,1,29,1,31,1,35,1,37,2,40,2,41,3,42,3,46,1,48,1","factored,17,1","factors,16,3,17,14,18,3,19,3,21,4,22,6,23,1,25,1,28,3,26,3,27,1,29,1,31,4,33,1,35,1,36,5,37,1,38,2,39,6,40,1,41,1,42,3,43,1,44,1,45,2,48,1,47,1,49,1","factual,31,1","faculty,34,1","fails,23,1","failure,25,14,28,3,34,8,41,3,48,3","failures,23,2","fair,15,1","fairchance,25,1","fairhall,19,3","fairly,20,1,21,1,46,1,49,2","fait,20,2","faithful,18,1","falkner,20,1,21,1","fall,21,1,44,1,47,1","fallen,49,6","falling,16,1,19,1,27,1,30,1,33,1,38,1","falls,16,2,21,1,36,1,39,1,44,1,47,1,49,3,50,1","familiar,43,2,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","familiarity,43,1","families,16,13,20,1","family,16,14","fan,3,1,14,1,15,21,20,3,22,50,24,2,25,3,28,6,26,5,27,5,29,2,30,1,31,6,32,2,33,8,34,3,36,17,38,1,39,15,41,4,43,17,44,6,45,3,46,4,48,4,47,6,49,3,50,7","fancart,50,1","fandt,23,2","fans,15,12,20,1,26,5,29,1,30,1,36,19,38,1,39,19,41,10,42,1,43,8,46,1,48,7,49,3,50,8","far,16,3,19,1,20,1,24,1,26,3,32,1,36,1,39,1,40,1,43,1,44,2,47,2,50,1","fashion,22,2","fast,16,1,21,1,44,2,47,2","faster,19,1,20,2,21,1,44,2,47,2","faulting,16,1","faults,16,1,24,1,32,1","faulty,41,2","favourably,16,1","favoured,16,1","favours,25,1","fax,2,1,19,3","fe1,17,11","fear,36,1,39,1","feasibility,8,1,16,1","feature,46,1","features,15,1,23,1,26,2,31,1,36,1,39,1,49,2","feb,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1","february,19,6,41,1,42,5,44,5,45,6,48,1","fects,47,1","fed,23,1","federal,25,1,29,1","feed,20,1,24,1,32,1","feedback,20,3,23,9,36,1,39,1","feeding,23,1","feel,16,6,23,1","feeling,16,1","fellow,30,1,42,1,44,1","felt,21,2,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","fes,17,6","fes2,17,11","fewer,36,1,39,1","fh,18,1","fibres,26,1","fictitious,46,3","field,20,1,22,2,25,1,34,1,37,4,40,4,41,3,42,4,43,1,44,1,48,3,47,1","fifo,16,201","fifo971,16,12","fifo97paper,16,4","fifteen,13,1,45,1","fifth,40,1,44,1,49,1,50,1","fifty,16,1","fig,34,1,37,3,40,3,41,3,42,3,48,3,49,13,50,7","fight,43,1,45,2,49,1","fighting,44,2,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","figure,15,5,16,2,17,13,18,15,19,28,20,15,21,34,22,29,23,5,24,17,25,38,28,6,26,12,27,17,29,4,30,10,31,21,32,17,33,19,34,12,35,22,36,7,37,22,38,10,39,6,40,20,41,34,42,47,43,33,44,28,45,23,46,19,47,18,48,36,49,5,50,7","figures,15,1,17,4,19,2,21,1,22,1,25,3,29,1,36,1,43,2,45,1,46,1,49,3,50,1","file,12,1,21,5,28,5,37,1,40,1,41,4,48,4","files,21,3,28,1","fill,25,1,29,1","filled,24,1,25,1,32,1","filling,21,1,43,1","filter,20,3,21,1,24,6,26,20,32,7,35,4,46,1","filtered,26,2,38,1","filters,24,5,26,32,30,1,32,8,38,1","final,16,3,17,1,18,1,20,1,21,1,23,1,24,1,25,4,28,6,26,6,27,4,29,11,30,1,32,1,33,4,34,8,35,1,36,1,38,4,39,1,40,4,43,4,44,2,45,1,46,1,47,2,49,3,50,5","finally,16,2,18,1,21,1,24,1,26,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","financial,9,1,10,1,13,2,16,1,17,1,19,1,23,4,26,1","find,16,3,22,2","finding,16,1,19,1,23,1,30,1,38,1","findings,18,2,19,3,23,10,24,2,25,1,26,1,29,1,30,4,32,2,34,1,38,4,43,1,44,2,45,1,47,2","finds,19,1,49,1","fine,19,1,25,1,34,1,35,1","finely,35,2","finer,19,1,24,1,32,1,35,2","fines,16,1,20,2,24,1,32,1","finish,23,1","finished,41,1,48,1","finite,25,13,34,6,46,1","fire,3,17,7,1,9,1,10,1,11,2,13,1,14,2,15,5,25,4,28,1,29,3,34,2,43,224,44,141,45,112,47,129,49,102,50,108","firefighters,44,4,47,4","firefighting,45,4","fires,3,1,11,4,13,1,15,1,43,26,44,50,45,24,47,45,49,31,50,34","firganek,28,1","firm,35,1,46,1","first,16,4,18,1,19,3,20,2,21,1,22,6,24,2,25,7,28,2,26,3,27,2,29,3,30,1,31,4,32,2,33,2,34,2,35,1,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,1,43,10,44,7,45,3,47,7,48,3,49,4,50,5","firstly,18,1,26,1","fisher,45,6,46,1","fissures,35,1,46,1","fit,18,2,21,1,23,17,25,2,29,2,34,2,46,1","fitness,18,3","fits,23,2","fitted,20,2,21,1,24,2,32,2,35,3,45,1","fitter,30,1,38,1","fitting,21,2,25,1,34,1,35,1","five,15,1,16,4,17,30,19,2,20,1,21,2,22,3,24,1,25,9,26,1,27,1,29,8,30,2,31,2,32,1,33,1,34,5,37,1,38,2,40,1,41,4,42,1,43,2,44,1,45,1,46,2,47,1,48,3,49,1,50,8","fix,23,1","fixed,19,1,22,2,28,3,31,1,36,3,37,1,39,4,40,3,41,1,42,1,46,1,48,1,50,1","flag,40,1","flame,19,14,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,2,29,2,32,1","flameproof,20,2","flames,19,5,44,1,47,1,50,1","flammability,19,27,34,1","flammable,19,5,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,34,1,35,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","flange,22,1","flanked,15,1","flanking,27,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,50,1","flannery,16,4","flaps,15,7,37,4,42,5,50,1","flat,25,1,32,1","flawed,25,1,29,1","flexibility,23,1","flexible,21,1,22,1,25,1,34,1,42,3","flexural,25,2,29,1,34,1","flo,37,1,40,1,42,1","flood,24,1,32,1","flooding,49,1","floor,16,1,19,2,20,1,25,25,29,4,34,14,41,1,42,1,48,1","flosonic,37,3,40,3,41,2,48,2","flow,15,2,18,1,20,3,22,5,24,4,25,9,28,1,26,9,29,1,31,1,32,9,33,1,34,1,36,4,37,5,38,3,39,3,40,4,41,7,42,9,43,14,44,17,45,19,46,5,47,16,48,8,49,4,50,8","flowed,24,3,32,3","flowing,22,2,29,1,43,5,45,2,50,1","flowmeters,24,1,32,1","flown,16,1","flowrate,26,1","flows,25,1,28,4,29,1,34,1,37,5,40,6,41,4,42,3,43,4,44,3,46,1,47,2,48,4,49,1,50,1","floxal,50,2","fluid,22,2,24,9,25,2,32,8,34,2,37,4,38,2,40,4,41,5,42,5,48,5","fluids,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","flush,50,1","flux,44,1,47,1,49,3","fly,11,2,16,21,43,2","flyash,43,7","flying,16,1","flyrock,46,1","foam,25,2,29,3,34,1,43,2,45,4,50,1","foamed,25,1,34,1","foams,25,2,29,2","focus,1,1,5,1,10,1,23,6,25,1,27,1,29,1,31,2,33,1,34,1,46,3","focused,22,1,28,1,36,1,39,1,43,2,44,1,46,1,47,1,49,1,50,4","focuses,21,1,23,1,43,1,49,3","focusing,27,1,33,1","focussed,25,1","fog,44,1,47,1","folllowed,40,1","follow,19,2,23,2,31,1,33,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,45,4,48,4,49,1,50,1","followed,16,1,17,1,19,2,23,2,25,1,30,3,38,2,43,2,44,1,47,1","following,15,4,16,4,17,3,18,9,20,1,21,1,22,5,23,2,29,2,30,4,31,2,33,1,35,1,36,2,37,2,38,3,39,3,40,2,41,9,42,4,43,8,44,5,45,6,46,4,47,5,48,9,49,7,50,5","follows,15,1,17,2,18,3,19,1,22,1,23,2,24,1,25,2,29,1,32,1,37,3,40,3,41,2,42,4,43,2,44,1,46,4,47,1,48,2,49,2,50,3","foniok,19,2","foot,25,1,29,1","foots,21,1","force,16,24,25,2,29,1,34,1,36,2,39,2","forced,20,1,22,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,34,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","forces,23,1,25,4,29,1,34,3","forcing,22,2","forecast,35,1","foreign,25,1,29,2,30,1,34,2,35,1","forewarning,26,1","form,17,1,19,6,20,1,21,3,22,7,23,3,24,2,25,2,28,3,27,1,29,3,30,1,31,3,32,2,33,3,34,1,35,2,36,2,37,3,38,1,39,2,40,3,41,2,42,4,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,4,50,3","formal,16,5,23,6,34,1","formally,23,1","format,28,1,27,1,33,1,41,3,44,1,45,1,47,1,48,3","formation,19,2,20,1,21,1,36,1,39,1,49,2","formats,7,1","formed,19,3,25,1,29,1,35,1,40,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,3","former,25,1,45,3","forming,23,1,49,1","forms,16,2,20,3,21,3,23,1,24,3,25,2,26,2,27,1,29,2,32,3,34,1,36,3,37,2,39,3,42,2","formula,35,1,45,2","formulae,17,12,46,1","formulated,19,2,26,1,30,3,38,1,46,1","forth,45,1","forward,22,1,44,1,47,1,49,9","forwarded,49,1","fosroc,25,1,34,1","fossil,20,2,21,2,24,2,32,2","found,15,1,16,2,17,4,18,4,19,14,20,5,21,5,22,12,24,5,25,2,26,3,30,5,32,5,34,5,35,2,36,1,37,3,38,8,39,1,40,5,41,5,42,4,43,4,44,1,45,1,47,1,48,4,50,4","four,15,2,16,10,17,4,18,4,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,25,9,29,11,30,4,34,7,35,1,37,1,38,4,40,1,41,1,46,4,48,1,50,3","fourteen,25,1,29,1,34,1","fourth,13,1,18,5,23,1,28,1,40,2,41,1,42,1,45,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","fraction,21,1,36,1,39,1,46,3","fractional,23,2","fractions,19,1,35,1","fractured,49,2","fragmentation,46,2","frame,25,1,29,1,37,2,40,2,41,4,42,5,48,4","frames,23,2,41,1,42,1,48,1","framework,23,7,25,1,31,3,36,1","frameworks,23,2","francart,50,1","france,20,3,21,3,24,2,25,1,26,1,29,1,32,2,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","francisco,23,1","free,16,1,19,19,31,1,33,1,35,2,42,3,43,2,44,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","freedom,23,1","freeing,23,1","freely,37,2,40,1,42,2,43,1","french,23,3","frequency,16,4,23,3,35,1,39,1","frequent,19,1,23,1,25,1,29,1,30,2,35,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,40,2,41,1,48,1","frequently,16,1,21,2,38,1","fresh,22,1,24,1,26,2,35,1,43,9,44,3,45,2,46,13,47,3,50,1","freshly,21,2","frew,20,1,21,1","friability,17,1","friable,30,1,38,1","friction,22,13","frictional,9,1,10,1,15,1,22,7,36,1,39,2","frighting,47,1","front,16,1,23,2,25,5,29,3,34,2,49,5","fronts,24,1,32,1,43,1","fruitland,29,1","ftp,28,3,37,1,40,1","fuel,3,1,19,11,43,6,44,15,47,14,50,5","fuels,19,1,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,44,3,47,3","fulfil,23,4,36,1","fulfill,39,1","fulfilled,49,1","full,15,2,17,3,18,1,20,3,23,2,24,7,25,15,26,14,27,1,29,1,31,1,32,9,33,1,34,11,35,1,36,2,39,1,40,1,41,4,42,2,43,2,45,2,46,1,48,4,50,1","full1,25,22","fully,15,5,16,1,18,1,19,1,28,1,30,2,36,1,37,11,38,1,39,1,40,14,41,3,42,7,43,1,45,1,46,1,48,2,50,2","fume,46,7,48,1","fumes,11,1,15,2,17,2,19,6,43,5,44,5,46,25,47,1,49,2","fuming,46,1","function,18,1,20,1,21,2,22,4,24,1,25,3,28,1,29,2,31,1,32,1,35,1,36,2,39,4,46,6","functionality,25,1,29,2","functioning,43,2,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","functions,16,1,21,5,36,5,39,6,41,1,43,2,48,1","fundamental,18,1,24,1,28,1,31,3,32,1,36,4,39,4,43,1,48,1","fundamentally,23,1,31,1,36,2,39,1","fundamentals,18,1,36,4,39,4","funded,3,1,20,1,21,1,23,3,30,1,43,1,44,1,47,2","funding,23,9,24,2,25,1,26,1,29,1,30,1,32,2,34,1,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,2,45,1,47,1,48,1,49,1","further,5,1,7,1,16,4,18,2,19,2,21,1,22,1,23,1,25,4,28,2,26,3,27,1,30,1,31,2,33,1,34,1,35,1,36,2,37,1,39,2,40,1,41,2,42,2,43,3,44,2,45,4,46,8,47,2,48,2,49,2,50,1","furthering,28,1","furthermore,15,1,24,1,30,1,32,1,44,2,47,2","furthest,49,1","future,16,3,19,1,23,13,24,1,25,1,28,3,26,2,27,6,29,2,30,4,31,2,32,1,33,5,35,3,36,3,37,1,38,5,39,3,40,2,41,2,46,2,48,2,50,1","gag,43,58,44,2,47,2,50,48","gagge,18,2","gained,19,1,40,1,41,1,43,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","gaining,24,2,26,2,32,2","gains,27,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,39,1","galant,19,2","galena,17,3","gallery,25,29,29,1,34,20","gallo,22,1,46,2","galvan,25,1,29,1","galvanised,41,1,42,1,48,1","game,23,1","ganguli,49,1,50,2","gap,21,1,23,1,45,1","gaps,37,3,40,3,41,2,42,3,48,1","gas,4,8,11,2,15,1,17,3,19,64,20,30,21,32,23,5,24,40,25,9,28,21,26,18,27,18,29,14,30,12,31,13,32,34,33,20,34,3,35,100,36,3,37,1,38,7,39,4,40,1,41,7,42,2,43,26,44,4,45,2,46,43,47,3,48,6,49,5,50,31","gaseous,19,2,43,1,45,1,49,1","gases,3,1,15,7,19,21,20,3,21,3,24,7,25,1,28,1,26,1,27,4,29,1,30,1,31,1,32,5,33,4,35,20,36,1,38,2,39,1,43,10,44,6,45,1,46,9,47,6,49,4,50,18","gasmake,43,1","gasniczy,50,2","gasphase,19,1","gassing,36,2,39,2","gassy,19,1,21,1,24,2,25,1,29,1,32,2,34,1,35,3,43,7,50,2","gate,20,1,25,1,29,1","gateroad,15,6,20,1,21,4,25,2,26,2,27,1,29,2,31,1,33,1,34,2,35,3,36,11,39,10","gateroads,25,2,27,1,29,2,33,1,34,2,36,4,39,4","gather,23,1,38,1","gathered,20,1,35,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","gathering,23,2,25,1,43,1","gauge,16,2,30,1,32,1,38,1","gauges,24,2,28,1,32,2","gauging,16,1","gaussian,21,2","gave,16,1,19,1,20,1,30,2,38,2,43,1,46,1","gender,18,2","generalisation,18,1","generalise,19,1","generality,18,1","generate,21,1,23,1,28,1,30,1,38,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,50,1","generated,16,1,18,2,20,1,21,5,24,3,25,2,28,2,30,11,32,3,34,2,36,1,37,4,38,12,40,4,41,3,42,1,43,2,44,1,45,3,46,5,47,1,48,2","generates,20,1,21,1,23,2,24,1,44,1,47,1","generating,23,1,30,3,35,1,38,3","generation,18,1,21,1,24,1,30,6,32,1,37,1,38,6,42,1,49,1","generic,23,1,31,8,36,4,39,4","generous,17,1,19,1,21,1,24,1,26,1,32,1","geo,38,1","geochemistry,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","geoff,16,1","geographic,37,1,40,1","geographically,16,1","geological,20,1,21,1,23,1,30,1,38,1","geology,20,1,23,1,27,1,30,1,33,1,35,1,46,1","geomechanics,25,1,29,5","geometies,34,1","geometric,19,4,21,1","geometrically,38,1","geometries,25,9,34,9,38,1","geometry,19,3,25,16,34,10,38,3,45,1","geostatistical,21,27,24,4,32,4","geostatistics,21,3","geotechnical,30,4,36,1,38,2,39,1","ger,24,1","german,20,3,21,3,24,1,32,9","germany,25,1,29,1,36,1,39,1","getting,30,1,38,1,45,1","ghost,16,1","gillies,1,7,2,9,3,5,5,7,6,5,7,5,8,6,9,5,10,6,11,41,12,5,13,8,14,5,15,2,16,4,17,2,18,5,19,12,20,4,21,12,22,2,23,2,24,11,25,2,28,3,26,4,27,2,29,2,30,4,31,2,32,11,33,2,34,3,35,8,36,4,37,6,38,4,39,4,40,4,41,9,42,4,43,5,44,6,45,2,46,2,47,6,48,9,49,19,50,19","gillies1,44,1,49,1,50,1","gillies2,18,1,42,1","girilambone,19,2","give,19,1,20,2,21,1,22,1,25,2,28,4,30,1,34,2,35,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,43,1,45,1,46,6,49,1,50,1","given,14,1,15,1,16,4,17,8,18,9,19,2,20,3,21,7,22,8,23,2,24,3,25,3,27,1,29,2,31,3,32,4,33,2,34,3,35,1,36,2,38,2,39,4,42,1,43,2,44,3,45,1,47,3,50,5","gives,7,1,15,1,16,2,17,1,18,2,21,1,22,2,24,2,25,1,32,1,35,2,41,1,42,3,43,4,44,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,2","giving,15,1,20,1,21,1,30,1,38,1,46,1","glad,20,1,24,1","glass,26,1","glenden,16,1","glendon,16,9","glikson,20,1,21,1","globe,18,2","goaf,24,1,25,4,28,3,26,5,27,22,29,5,30,5,31,27,32,1,33,30,34,2,36,5,38,3,39,5,41,1,43,4,44,3,47,3,48,1,50,6","goafing,25,1,29,1","goafs,15,1,25,6,27,3,29,6,31,3,33,4,34,5,50,1","goal,16,1,23,3,24,2,31,1,32,2,36,1,39,2,45,2","goals,16,1,23,15,36,2,39,2,43,1,44,2,45,1,47,2","going,16,1,45,1","gold,16,31,46,1","golden,21,1,36,1,39,1","golding,20,3,21,2","golledge,11,1,17,2,19,2","good,16,2,17,1,20,2,21,4,22,2,23,1,25,3,29,2,31,1,34,3,35,1,37,2,40,1,42,1,44,1,46,4,47,1,50,1","goonyella,16,25","gordonstone,16,3,20,1","gorniczy,50,2","gov,46,2","governed,35,1","government,15,2,16,8,17,2,19,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,50,1","governments,16,1","gradation,49,1","grade,46,1","grades,46,1","gradient,22,2,45,2,49,4","gradients,31,1,33,1,49,1","gradual,23,1","gradually,28,1,40,1,43,1,49,1","graduate,23,1","grains,19,1","grant,7,1,49,1,50,1","granted,20,1,45,1","granting,15,1","graph,16,1,26,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,46,1","graphic,3,1,43,2,44,2,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","graphical,7,1,22,1,36,1,39,1","graphically,19,1","graphs,18,1,19,1,22,1","gratefully,22,1","gratitude,17,1","gravel,25,1,29,1","gravimetric,7,1,30,4,38,4","gravity,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","grayson,20,3,21,2","great,3,1,21,1,23,2,24,1,32,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,2,49,1,50,1","greater,16,3,18,1,19,3,20,1,21,1,22,5,23,1,24,5,25,7,28,1,26,2,27,4,29,2,30,11,31,2,32,5,33,3,34,1,36,2,37,3,38,12,39,2,40,3,41,1,46,1,48,1","greatest,20,1,22,1,23,2,25,1,29,1,31,1,36,1,39,1,49,1","greatly,16,7,19,1,20,2,25,1,27,1,33,1,34,2,35,1,39,1,50,1","green,11,2,25,2,34,3","gregory,20,1","greninger,25,3,29,6,34,2","greuer,44,4,47,4,49,4,50,4","grew,24,1,32,1","grey,19,1","grid,21,46","gridded,21,2","gridding,21,10","gridsize,21,1","grinder,35,3","grinding,35,6","grossly,46,1","ground,16,2,25,4,29,4,34,1,35,4,37,1,42,1","grounding,35,1","group,2,1,8,1,16,2,18,2,19,1,21,1,23,42,31,1,33,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,2","grouped,16,2","groups,16,6,18,2,23,21,46,1","grow,24,1,32,1,43,1,44,1,47,1","grows,49,4","growth,23,1,24,1,32,1","gso,23,1","gu,37,1,40,1","guarantee,25,1,34,1","guaranteed,19,1","guidance,40,1","guide,21,1,22,1","guideline,17,1","guidelines,16,1,17,1,23,1,24,1,25,3,29,3,32,1,34,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,2,47,1","guides,25,1,29,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","gully,22,1","gunite,29,1","gunited,45,1","guoquan,19,1","guzzo,23,1","gw,20,1","gwmt,1,1,3,1,5,1,7,2,9,4,10,5,14,3","gypsum,20,1,21,1","h2,35,1,43,2","h2o,20,1,26,1","h2s,11,1,15,5,20,169,21,100,23,46,24,136,26,65,32,134,35,32","h2scan98,20,4","h2s­organic,24,1,32,1","haase,46,1","had,16,7,17,2,19,1,21,3,22,2,23,3,24,4,25,7,27,3,29,3,30,3,31,1,32,3,33,4,34,3,35,1,36,2,38,3,39,2,41,2,42,1,43,9,44,1,45,2,46,2,47,1,48,2,49,1,50,1","half,9,1,10,1,18,2,25,7,28,1,29,6,30,3,34,2,37,1,38,3,40,2,41,5,42,8,46,3,48,5","halim,11,2,36,1,37,3,39,1,40,2,41,1,42,1,48,1","hall,17,1,19,1,23,2,26,2,36,1,39,1,43,1,44,1,46,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","halted,49,1","halving,22,1","hamper,41,1,48,1","hand,16,3,18,1,19,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,30,1,31,1,35,1,37,1,38,1,42,1,50,2","handbook,23,1","handheld,21,1,35,1","handle,15,1,23,1,28,1,26,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","handled,21,1,22,2,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,34,1","handling,11,1,15,3,21,4,24,5,26,4,32,6,35,2,43,1,44,3,45,1,47,1,49,2,50,3","handouts,23,1","hang,22,1,37,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","hanging,22,1,41,1,45,1,48,1","happen,45,1","happened,43,1,49,1","happening,16,1","happens,21,1","happy,16,4","hard,16,1,18,2,23,1","hardcastle,28,1","hardware,28,3","hargraves,36,1,39,1","hargreaves,22,1","harness,43,1","harold,19,1","harrogate,44,2,47,2","harsh,7,1","hartman,22,3,25,2,29,2,34,2,42,3","harvey,11,6,20,3,21,5,23,2,24,6,26,1,32,6,35,1","hatakeyama,28,1","hats,18,1","haul,16,1","haulage,20,1,41,1,45,2,48,1","having,15,3,16,3,18,2,21,1,22,2,23,1,25,2,31,3,34,1,36,3,39,2,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1","hawkings,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","hay,20,1,24,1,32,1","hazard,16,1,19,3,20,1,24,1,26,1,32,1,35,1,36,3,39,3,43,1,44,1,49,3,50,2","hazardous,16,1,24,1,25,1,28,1,26,1,32,1,35,1,36,3,37,1,39,3,40,1,41,1,48,1","hazards,19,2,36,3,39,3,43,3,44,3,45,1,47,3,49,1,50,2","hazcoal,15,5","haze,45,1","hazops,20,1","hdg,43,4","hdpe,20,1","head,22,1,24,1,32,1,44,1,47,1","heading,15,15,25,3,26,2,27,16,29,2,30,7,31,27,33,25,34,1,36,3,38,2,39,2,41,5,43,35,44,10,46,16,47,10,48,5,49,9,50,21","headings,15,17,21,5,22,2,24,2,26,3,27,10,30,1,31,13,32,3,33,10,35,3,36,4,38,1,39,4,43,8,44,6,46,18,47,6,49,2,50,16","heads,44,1,47,1","health,16,2,19,1,20,4,21,2,24,5,25,5,26,4,29,4,30,2,31,1,32,4,36,1,37,1,38,1,41,1,43,3,44,1,46,6,47,1,49,1,50,2","healthy,21,1,23,1,26,1,30,2,38,1","hearer,38,1","hearing,16,1","heat,9,2,10,2,11,1,18,151,28,3,27,4,31,4,33,3,36,1,39,1,43,19,44,30,45,7,46,1,47,26,48,1,49,14,50,9","heated,18,2,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","heating,19,1,49,56,50,2","heatings,49,8,50,1","heavier,21,1,22,1,35,1","heavily,18,1,21,1","heavy,23,1,35,1","height,18,3,21,1,25,17,29,7,30,19,34,6,37,1,38,17,41,3,42,3,44,1,47,1,48,3","heights,25,1,27,1,29,1,30,6,38,7","held,16,1,17,1,18,1,23,1,43,3","helmet,24,1,26,4,32,2","helmets,30,1,38,1","help,23,2,44,1,45,1,47,1","helping,23,2","hemical,20,1","hemp,18,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","hence,18,2,22,3,25,2,28,1,27,1,31,2,33,2,34,1,36,9,37,1,39,10,40,1,41,1,42,1,44,2,47,2,48,2","henceforth,49,1","herself,23,2","hertzberg,19,2","hest,18,1","hidden,44,1,47,1","hierarchical,23,3","hierarchies,23,1","hift,30,2,38,2","higgs,23,1","high,15,6,16,52,17,7,18,3,19,16,20,6,21,10,22,6,23,5,24,9,25,20,26,5,27,2,29,2,30,14,31,1,32,8,33,2,34,14,35,2,36,6,38,16,39,6,41,3,42,1,43,9,44,4,45,4,46,3,47,3,48,3,49,5,50,6","higher,15,5,16,4,17,14,18,1,19,4,20,1,21,3,22,1,23,1,24,2,28,2,27,1,30,12,31,1,32,2,33,2,36,1,37,1,38,12,39,1,41,1,42,2,43,1,44,2,47,1,48,1,49,2,50,2","highest,16,4,17,4,20,3,24,1,25,1,32,1,42,1,49,1","highlight,15,1,28,1,46,1","highlighted,15,1,23,1,25,2,34,3,38,1,43,1,46,1","highlighting,15,1,36,1,39,1","highlights,15,1,31,1,38,1,43,1","highly,16,2,17,4,18,1,20,3,21,2,22,1,24,2,25,2,26,1,29,1,32,2,34,2,35,1,48,1","highpressure,32,1,34,2","highwall,43,2","hill,23,2","him,23,2","hinders,16,1","hindrance,16,1","hine,46,4","histogram,16,4","histograms,16,1","historic,31,1,33,1","historical,29,2,40,1,45,1","historically,23,1,36,2,39,2","histories,25,1,34,1","history,23,3,24,1,25,1,27,1,29,1,32,1,33,1,36,1,39,1,45,1","hitched,25,2,29,2","hl,25,1,29,1,34,1","hobbies,16,3","hocking,25,1,29,1","hoist,41,1,48,1","hoisting,41,1,48,1","hold,23,1,25,1,29,1","holding,37,1,40,1,41,2,42,2,48,2","holdings,16,1","holds,23,2","holdsworth,22,4","hole,21,4,25,1,34,1,35,2,37,1,42,1,43,1","holed,44,1,47,1","holes,20,1,21,4,22,3,24,1,32,1,35,5,44,2,46,4,47,2","hollow,32,1","holy,23,1","home,2,1,6,1,16,3","homes,16,2","homogeneous,19,3","homogenous,49,1","homotropal,15,1,20,5,24,5,26,26,27,2,31,4,32,5,33,5,38,1,41,1,48,1","homotropally,15,5","honour,21,3","honoured,21,3","honouring,21,1","honours,50,2","hons,13,1,15,1","hood,20,1","hope,16,1","hoped,43,1","horizon,31,1,33,1","horizontal,19,2,20,2,21,9,22,3,24,2,25,1,27,2,29,2,32,2,33,2,34,1,35,7,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,2,47,1,48,1","hort,25,1","hose,22,1,30,1,35,1,38,1,46,1,49,1","hoses,14,1,45,1","hosking,11,1,43,1,49,1,50,6","hosking4,43,1","hospital,23,1","host,46,1","hostel,16,2","hostels,16,1","hostility,23,1","hot,18,5,41,1,43,2,44,4,45,2,47,4,48,1,49,6,50,2","hotspot,49,28","hotter,49,3","hough,23,1","houille,20,1","hour,16,19,18,15,20,1,21,1,23,1,24,2,26,2,32,2,43,6,44,2,45,1,46,11,47,2,49,6,50,4","hourly,28,1","hours,16,4,18,3,20,2,24,1,26,3,32,1,35,1,43,13,45,7,46,3,49,16,50,2","house,16,1,34,1,45,1","housing,16,1,25,1,29,1,34,1","howes,18,2,36,1,39,1,49,2,50,2","however,16,10,17,2,18,7,19,15,20,6,21,6,22,2,23,5,24,4,25,8,26,1,27,6,29,2,30,8,31,6,32,3,33,9,34,9,35,3,36,1,37,5,38,8,39,1,40,7,41,8,42,4,43,6,44,8,45,4,46,6,47,8,48,7,49,6,50,3","hq,24,1,32,1","hr,15,1,20,1,44,2,47,2","hrs,21,1,24,1,32,1,43,1","hs,20,1","hsin,2,2,11,5,13,1,16,3,18,2,21,1,22,1,28,2,29,2,30,1,41,1","hsm6ivc2,18,4","ht,18,2","html,1,4,2,4,3,4,6,4,7,4,8,4,9,4,10,4,11,4,12,4,13,4,14,4","http,6,2,46,2","huge,26,1","human,18,12,20,1,21,1,23,4,24,1,32,1","humans,20,2","humid,18,1,28,1,41,1,48,1","humidified,18,2","humidifier,26,1","humidity,18,7,24,1,26,10,32,1","humpback,41,1,42,1,48,1","humphreys,11,1,49,10","humphreys3,49,1","hundreds,50,2","hung,22,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,37,1,42,1,46,1","hunter,27,1,31,1,33,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","hurdle,36,1,39,1,44,3,47,3","hw,21,1,24,1,26,1,32,1,42,1,44,1","hybrid,19,40,27,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,39,1","hydraulic,20,1,25,1,29,1","hydrocarbon,19,1,35,1","hydrocarbons,19,4","hydrog,20,1","hydrogen,11,4,15,1,20,10,21,11,23,3,24,10,26,5,32,11,35,2","hydrosulphide,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","hydrothermal,24,1,32,1","hydroxide,20,2","hygrometer,22,1","hypochlorite,20,2,24,2,32,2","hypotheses,23,1,46,1","hypothesis,16,1,46,4","hypothesised,19,1","hypothetical,49,3","ibc,30,1,38,1","ibh,28,1,26,1,27,1,29,1","icle,35,1","id,24,1","ideal,25,2,34,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,46,1","ideally,36,1,39,2","identical,15,2,17,1,19,1,25,1,28,1,35,1,45,1","identification,17,1,28,2,26,1,36,2,39,2","identified,16,2,22,2,23,5,24,2,28,1,26,1,30,2,31,2,32,2,36,5,38,2,39,4,41,1,46,2,48,1","identifies,23,1,31,1","identify,23,11,24,1,28,3,30,7,31,2,32,1,36,3,37,2,38,6,39,1,40,3,41,1,43,1,44,4,47,4,48,1,50,1","identifying,21,2,23,1,35,1,36,1,39,1","ie,16,1,20,1,23,2,24,2,25,2,28,1,29,1,34,1","ieaust,16,1","ields,38,1","ignitability,19,2","ignitable,19,2","ignite,17,1,19,4","ignited,17,1,25,1,34,1,45,1","igniters,17,1,19,2,25,1","ignition,17,5,19,40,25,5,29,2,34,2,43,4,44,1,45,3,47,1,49,1,50,1","ignitions,19,4","ignored,18,2,23,1","ii,20,1,21,1,23,1,25,1,34,1,35,2,37,5,40,10,43,1,44,1,46,1,47,1","iii,37,5,40,10","illawarra,27,1,33,1,45,3","illinois,45,1","illness,16,1","illustrate,17,1,19,1,26,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,49,1,50,2","illustrated,18,2,19,6,22,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,30,1,34,1,35,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,2","illustrates,18,2,19,1,25,3,30,1,38,1,45,1,49,1,50,1","illustration,23,1,24,1,32,1,34,1","illustrations,50,3","im,25,1","imbalance,43,2,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","ime,25,1,46,1","immediate,16,1,17,1,20,2,21,1,22,1,23,1,28,4,31,1,33,1,35,1,37,4,40,5,41,4,42,2,43,2,44,3,45,1,47,3,48,4,49,1,50,1","immediately,21,1,24,1,25,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,2,44,1,46,1,47,1,48,2","impact,16,3,20,1,21,7,23,3,24,1,32,1,35,1,43,1,50,1","impacted,23,1","impacts,23,1,46,1","impart,21,1","impartial,16,5","impedance,9,1,10,1,15,9,22,5,26,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,46,1,48,1","impedances,15,1","impeded,15,1","impediment,24,1,32,1","imperfect,38,1,46,1","imperial,22,2","imperil,49,1","impermeability,25,1,29,1","impervious,25,2,29,4,34,1","implement,23,4,43,3,44,1,47,1,50,2","implementation,16,2,23,9,24,2,28,4,32,2,36,4,39,5,43,2","implemented,23,4,25,1,28,1,29,1,34,1,36,2,37,1,39,2,40,1,45,1","implementing,23,1,30,1,38,1","implication,16,2,46,1","implications,11,1,15,7,23,2,24,1,27,1,31,3,32,1,33,2,36,4,39,3,45,1","implicit,23,1","implied,21,1","implies,15,1,21,1,23,2","implying,21,1","importance,19,2,21,3,23,1,28,1,30,2,31,1,38,3,45,2,46,1","important,16,5,17,1,18,3,20,1,21,1,23,7,24,5,25,11,28,1,26,8,27,2,29,6,30,7,31,6,32,5,33,2,34,4,35,3,36,6,37,1,38,9,39,5,40,2,41,1,43,2,44,4,45,1,46,2,47,4,48,3,49,3,50,4","importantes,20,1","importantly,27,1,33,1,36,2,37,1,39,2,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,48,1","imported,28,2","imposed,15,2,23,1,25,1,29,3,36,2,39,2","imposes,15,1,23,1,25,2,34,1","imposition,23,1,40,1","impositions,15,1","impossible,45,2,49,2","impractical,50,1","impregnated,26,2","improve,7,1,11,1,15,1,20,1,23,13,28,2,37,2,38,1,39,1,40,2,41,3,43,4,46,5,48,4","improved,11,1,18,2,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,4,24,3,25,3,28,3,26,2,29,1,30,3,31,1,32,3,33,1,34,2,37,1,38,3,40,1,41,3,42,2,43,2,44,4,45,3,47,4,48,3,50,1","improvement,23,15,30,3,38,1,43,1,44,1,48,1,49,2,50,2","improvements,7,1,38,2,45,1,48,1","improving,7,1,21,1,23,4,24,2,30,3,32,2,38,3,43,1","impulse,25,4,34,2","impulses,25,4,34,2","impurity,19,1","imt,43,10","in95,28,1","inability,19,1","inaccuracies,19,1","inadequate,23,2,31,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,44,1,46,1,47,1,48,1","inadvertent,46,1","inappropriate,46,2","inbye,15,1,20,1,31,3,33,3,43,11,49,3,50,2","inc,16,1,17,1,20,2,21,1,23,2","incendive,25,1,29,1","incendivity,19,1","incidence,46,1","incidences,46,1","incident,19,1,28,4,43,22,44,6,45,9,47,6,49,1,50,1","incidents,16,1,27,1,33,1,43,5,44,5,45,2,46,2,47,5,50,5","incipient,49,8","incision,22,2","incisions,22,1","inclination,43,3,44,2,47,1","incline,43,11,44,7,46,1,47,4","inclined,27,1,33,1,37,14,40,15,43,3,44,3,47,2,49,3,50,3","include,16,1,18,2,19,3,23,6,24,1,25,5,28,3,29,3,30,2,32,1,34,4,35,3,36,7,38,3,39,6,43,3,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,50,2","included,16,3,18,3,21,1,23,3,24,1,25,1,28,3,29,1,31,1,32,1,37,3,39,1,40,3,41,5,42,1,43,3,44,1,47,1,48,4,50,1","includes,15,1,18,1,19,2,20,1,23,2,24,1,31,1,36,3,39,4,43,1","including,13,1,16,1,18,3,20,1,21,3,23,3,24,1,25,1,28,2,27,7,29,3,30,2,31,3,32,1,33,7,34,1,35,1,36,5,37,1,38,1,39,6,40,1,41,2,43,7,44,2,45,3,46,4,47,3,48,1,50,3","inclusion,23,1,36,1,39,1","incoming,35,1","incompletely,31,1,33,1","incompressible,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","inconclusive,21,1","incongruence,23,1","incongruencies,23,1","inconsistencies,46,1","inconsistent,35,1","incorporate,15,1,18,1,20,1,24,1,29,1,32,1,36,1,39,1,43,1","incorporated,23,1,28,2,41,3,42,1,48,3","incorporates,15,1,18,1,21,1,25,2,29,2","incorporating,24,1,26,1,32,1,35,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,42,1,43,2,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,3","incorporation,15,2,21,1","incorrect,23,1,28,1,41,1,48,1","increase,15,2,17,1,18,12,19,9,20,1,21,1,22,15,23,2,25,3,28,3,26,2,27,4,30,2,31,5,33,6,34,2,35,1,36,4,37,4,38,2,39,9,40,4,41,5,42,3,43,4,44,5,46,1,47,5,48,5,49,12,50,3","increased,15,5,18,5,19,7,21,3,22,1,24,1,25,1,28,1,26,1,27,4,30,7,31,5,32,1,33,5,34,1,35,1,36,4,38,12,39,5,41,1,42,1,43,2,44,3,45,2,46,1,47,3,48,2,49,1,50,2","increases,15,1,16,1,17,2,18,2,19,1,21,2,22,3,25,3,26,1,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,34,2,35,2,39,1,43,2,44,2,46,2,47,2,48,1,49,2,50,4","increasing,11,1,15,1,16,3,19,3,20,2,21,2,23,1,24,3,28,1,26,6,27,1,30,6,31,2,32,3,33,1,36,2,38,8,39,2,43,3,44,3,45,2,46,3,47,3,49,3,50,2","increasingly,16,1,23,3,31,2,33,2,36,1,39,1","incremental,20,1","increments,17,1,19,1,26,1,44,1,47,1","incubation,49,1","incurred,22,1,36,2,39,1","incurs,39,1","indeed,43,1,44,1,47,1","indefinite,25,1,29,1","independent,17,1,22,1,23,3,25,4,34,3","independently,23,1","indeterminate,23,1","index,18,16,22,3,25,1,29,1","india,28,5,26,5,27,5,29,5,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","indicate,15,1,18,1,19,1,21,1,22,1,25,6,28,1,29,2,34,3,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,45,1,46,2,48,1","indicated,16,5,17,5,18,2,19,4,20,4,21,20,23,1,24,2,25,7,26,1,29,7,30,18,32,2,34,7,35,2,37,1,38,17,40,2,41,2,42,2,43,3,45,1,46,2,48,2,50,2","indicates,16,1,17,1,18,5,19,2,21,1,24,1,25,2,32,1,34,3,35,1,43,1,46,2","indicating,16,1,25,1,28,1,36,1,39,1,41,1,45,1,46,1,48,1","indication,17,2,21,2,22,1,24,1,28,1,32,1,35,1,41,1,43,1,48,1","indications,16,1","indicative,19,1","indicator,18,2,27,1,33,1","indicators,20,1,26,1","indices,17,8,18,3,19,3","indirect,18,1,30,2,35,2,38,2","indirectly,23,1,31,2,33,1","individual,3,1,16,9,18,5,21,2,22,2,23,10,25,3,28,3,26,1,29,3,30,6,34,3,35,1,37,1,38,4,40,1,41,1,43,2,44,2,47,2,48,1,50,2","individuals,16,1,18,3,23,5,43,4","induce,25,3,34,2,36,1,39,1,42,1","induced,25,3,27,3,29,4,31,5,33,6,34,2,36,3,37,1,39,3,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,48,1,49,2,50,2","induction,23,1,44,1,47,1","industrial,20,1,21,1,23,1,24,1,32,1","industries,17,1,18,1,30,1,38,1,49,1,50,1","industry,11,3,13,2,15,1,16,15,18,6,19,3,20,1,22,3,23,54,24,2,25,10,28,3,26,1,27,2,29,4,30,7,31,4,32,1,33,2,34,6,36,4,37,2,38,6,39,3,40,1,41,3,42,1,43,5,44,7,45,4,46,5,47,7,48,2,49,3,50,5","ine,32,1","ineffective,23,1,43,1,49,1","inefficiency,15,1","inefficient,46,1","inequality,18,1","inert,3,1,19,2,24,1,32,1,43,6,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,27","inertial,25,2","inerting,19,1,28,1","inertinite,20,1","inertisation,3,2,19,1,25,1,29,4,43,12,44,1,47,1,49,3,50,35","inertising,50,1","inertized,19,1","inevitable,22,1","inexpensive,23,2","inflating,22,1,25,1,34,1","inflow,26,1,46,3","influence,16,3,17,1,18,1,19,15,22,1,25,1,29,1,34,2,37,1,38,1,40,1,43,2,44,2,45,1,47,2,49,1,50,1","influenced,18,1,19,2,43,1","influences,11,1,16,1,17,3,19,1,25,1,29,1","influencing,17,1,19,1","informal,23,9","informally,23,1","information,7,1,8,1,14,1,17,1,18,2,19,1,20,3,21,3,22,5,23,11,24,1,25,7,28,20,26,1,27,1,29,14,30,10,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,2,35,1,36,1,37,7,38,7,39,1,40,8,41,13,42,4,43,5,45,5,46,3,48,13,49,1,50,2","infrared,35,1","infrastructure,3,1,16,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,31,1,32,1,34,1,36,7,39,7,43,2,50,2","infused,24,1,32,1","infusion,20,6,24,14,30,2,32,17,38,1","ingate,21,1","ingress,25,1,29,2,36,1,39,1","ingressing,43,1","inhalation,20,1,48,1","inhaled,20,1","inherent,15,1,25,1,28,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,39,1","inherently,19,2","inhibit,18,1,23,1","inhibited,18,2","inhibition,19,1","ini,40,1","initial,17,2,18,11,19,4,20,2,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,2,28,1,26,2,29,1,32,1,34,1,35,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,43,7,44,3,45,1,46,1,47,3,48,1,49,5","initially,16,3,17,1,23,1,28,2,36,1,39,1,41,5,42,3,44,1,46,1,47,1,48,5,49,1","initiate,23,1,44,1,47,1","initiated,17,1,19,1,23,1,25,1,28,1,30,2,38,3,41,1,45,1,46,1,48,1,49,8","initiation,43,1","initiator,19,2","initiators,19,5","inject,43,1","injected,25,1,34,1,50,1","injection,20,1,36,1,39,1,50,2","injector,19,1","injured,43,1","inlet,22,2,35,2,45,1,49,1","inlets,35,1","inline,35,1","inner,45,1","innovation,25,2,30,3,34,1,38,3","innovative,36,1,39,1","inorganic,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","inoue,28,1","input,17,1,18,2,21,3,23,2,28,4,41,6,43,4,44,3,47,3,48,6,49,3,50,1","inputs,23,4,28,2,35,1,40,2","inputting,28,1","inquiry,15,4,23,1,43,1","ins,18,1","inseam,21,3","inserted,22,2,35,1","insertion,22,1","inside,22,4,25,1,35,2,41,1,42,1,48,1","insight,49,1","insignificant,46,2","insitu,27,1,35,4,36,1,39,1","insofar,19,1","inspection,27,1,31,3,33,3","inspections,27,1,31,2,33,2","inspector,20,1","inspectorate,15,1,43,1","inspectorates,25,1,29,1","inst,16,1,18,2,19,1,20,1,22,2,41,1,42,1,44,1,48,1","instability,44,1","install,25,1,29,1,31,2,33,1,34,1,41,2,48,2","installation,15,3,22,6,25,2,28,3,27,6,29,5,31,17,33,15,34,2,36,8,37,1,39,8,42,1,45,1","installations,25,1,27,2,29,1,31,5,33,3,34,1,36,5,38,1,39,6,41,1,48,1","installed,20,2,22,2,24,1,25,6,28,4,27,2,29,7,30,4,31,2,32,1,33,1,34,2,35,2,36,3,37,2,38,3,39,2,40,3,41,9,42,4,45,3,48,10","installing,25,2,28,1,27,1,29,5,31,1,33,1","instance,18,1,30,1,35,1,37,2,38,1,40,2,41,2,42,2,48,2","instances,18,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,35,1","instant,37,1,40,1,41,1,45,1,48,1","instantaneous,28,2,26,1","instantaneously,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","instantly,24,1","instead,21,1,22,1,35,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,2,47,2,48,1","instigate,28,1","institute,16,2,17,1,19,3,20,1,21,1,23,1,25,1,28,1,27,1,29,1,33,1,44,1,45,2,49,1,50,1","institutes,17,1,19,4","institution,19,2,49,2,50,2","institutions,23,1","instruction,45,4","instructions,17,2","instrument,17,1,18,4,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,35,8,46,12","instrumentation,9,1,10,1,19,2,21,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,46,4","instrumentations,35,1","instruments,20,3,24,3,32,3,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,2,42,2,46,5,48,2","insufficient,21,1,25,3,28,1,29,1,34,2,41,1,45,1,46,1,48,1,49,1","insulation,18,1","inta,32,1","intact,20,1,35,1,43,1","intake,11,1,15,23,20,3,22,1,24,5,25,5,26,28,27,16,29,7,30,15,31,24,32,4,33,24,34,4,35,1,36,5,38,15,39,5,41,1,43,26,44,18,45,5,46,2,47,15,48,1,49,12,50,8","intakes,15,4,25,2,29,2,34,1,45,1,50,1","intakoreholet,50,1","integral,37,2,39,2,40,2,41,2,43,1,48,2","integrals,22,1","integrated,11,2,28,4,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,2,41,4,42,2,43,1,48,2","integrating,22,2,28,1","integration,28,12,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,2,48,2","integrity,25,2,29,4,34,1","intellectual,23,1","intelligent,45,1","intense,25,1,34,1,43,1","intensity,19,1,43,11,44,8,45,2,47,8,49,1,50,1","intensive,16,3,21,2,24,2,32,2,35,2,37,1,42,1","intent,23,1,25,2,29,2,34,1,46,1","intention,30,1,38,1","intentionally,31,1,33,1,36,1,39,1","inter,23,1","interact,3,1,16,2,19,1,43,3,44,1,47,1,49,3,50,4","interaction,16,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,43,1,44,2,47,2,49,1","interactions,23,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","interactive,28,1","interacts,23,1","intercept,19,1,21,1","intercepts,19,1","interconnected,44,5,47,5","interconnectedness,23,1","interconnection,43,1,44,1,47,1","interdependence,23,4","interdependency,23,2","interdependent,23,4","interdisciplinary,23,1","interest,19,2,20,1,21,1,24,1,30,1,32,1,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,48,2","interesting,16,1,46,1","interests,13,1,18,1","interf,28,1","interface,11,1,22,1,23,5,25,1,28,2,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","interfaced,43,1","interference,16,2,50,4","intergroup,23,12","interim,20,2,21,2,35,2","interior,49,1","interisation,43,2","interlinked,46,1","interlocked,25,1,29,1","interlocking,36,1,39,1","internal,18,2,21,1,23,11,24,1,25,3,26,1,32,1,34,3,35,2,36,1,39,1,41,1,43,1,45,2,48,1","internalised,23,1","internally,23,2,25,2,34,2","internat,18,2","international,13,3,17,7,18,1,19,12,24,1,25,1,28,1,29,1,30,1,32,2,33,1,34,2,35,1,36,5,38,1,39,4,45,2,49,4,50,13","internationally,17,1,25,3,29,1,34,3,36,3,39,3","interpersonal,23,4","interplay,38,3","interpolated,21,2","interpolating,18,1,21,3","interpolation,21,4","interpolator,21,8","interpolators,21,6","interpret,14,1,25,2,28,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","interpretation,15,2,19,1,23,1,25,1,28,1,26,1,32,1,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,1,43,1,46,1,48,1","interpretations,15,1,23,1","interpreted,23,1,25,1","interpreting,18,1,21,1,23,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,46,1,48,1","interrelate,25,1,29,1","interrelated,23,1,24,1,32,1","interrelatedness,23,1","interrelation,44,1,45,1,47,1","interrelationships,43,3,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,3","interscience,25,1,29,1,34,1","intersect,20,1","intersected,20,1,21,3,35,2","intersecting,15,1","intersection,15,3,22,1,25,1,29,1,35,1,46,1","intersects,21,1","intertec,36,2,39,2","intertisation,11,1","interval,22,4,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,2,48,2","intervals,15,1,18,1,20,2,21,2,22,3,28,1,38,1,50,1","intervention,23,5,43,1","interventions,23,11","interview,23,9,30,1","interviewee,23,4","interviewer,23,1","interviewing,23,1","interviews,16,1,23,12,30,1,38,1","intrinsic,23,1,25,1,29,2,34,1,41,1","intrinsically,24,1,32,1,35,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,48,2","introduce,3,1,18,1,43,1,44,1,46,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","introduced,17,1,18,1,19,4,21,2,23,1,30,1,31,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,3,44,3,46,1,47,3,49,1,50,3","introduces,21,2","introducing,43,1","introduction,16,1,17,1,18,2,19,4,20,1,21,2,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,2,28,1,26,1,27,1,29,2,30,1,31,2,32,1,33,2,34,4,35,1,36,1,37,2,38,1,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,3,43,3,44,5,45,3,46,1,47,4,48,2,49,3,50,8","intrusive,24,1,32,1","inundation,27,1,31,1,33,1","invaluable,30,1,38,1","invariably,19,1","inverse,21,7,24,1,32,1","investigate,17,2,20,1,21,1,25,1,34,1,38,1,44,1,47,1,48,1","investigated,17,2,18,1,19,3,20,1,30,1,31,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,3,42,2,43,3,45,1,48,3,50,1","investigating,20,1,25,1,29,1","investigation,11,2,17,2,18,1,19,5,22,3,24,1,25,1,28,1,30,1,31,7,32,1,34,1,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,2,42,1,45,1,49,1,50,1","investigations,11,1,18,2,19,5,22,2,24,2,26,1,32,2,41,1,43,2,48,1,50,2","investing,36,1,39,1","investment,36,3,39,4","investments,36,1,39,1","invited,23,1","involve,19,1,23,5,26,2","involved,16,2,19,4,23,3,24,2,25,3,28,4,29,1,30,2,31,1,32,2,33,1,34,2,36,5,37,3,38,1,39,5,40,3,41,4,42,1,44,2,45,1,46,1,47,2,48,5,49,3,50,2","involvement,16,1,23,5,46,1","involves,18,3,19,1,23,1","involving,18,1,23,1,27,1,33,1,36,1,39,1","io,19,1","ion,18,1,46,1","ions,19,1,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","iron,16,2,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","irregularities,25,1,34,1","irregularity,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","irregularly,21,1","irrespective,27,1,33,1,39,1,49,1","irritates,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","isa,18,2,41,1,48,1","isaaks,21,2","isd,29,1","iso,17,4,19,36","isolate,16,1,25,5,29,5,34,4","isolated,15,1,16,2,22,1,25,1,28,1,29,1,34,1,37,2,40,2,41,2,43,1,44,1,47,1,48,2","isolates,25,1,29,1,34,1","isolation,15,9,19,1","isometric,25,1,28,1,34,1,37,1,40,1","isotherms,35,1","isotope,20,1,21,1,24,2,32,2","isotopic,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","issue,21,1,23,3,25,1,27,5,29,1,30,9,31,9,33,6,35,1,36,2,38,8,39,2,43,2,44,1,49,2,50,6","issued,25,1,29,1","issues,1,1,5,1,9,1,10,2,16,4,23,17,25,1,28,1,27,13,29,4,30,21,31,11,33,13,36,5,37,1,38,20,39,2,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,48,1,50,4","istance,21,1","ists,39,1","item,36,1,39,1","items,23,3,31,1","iteration,36,2,39,2","iterations,22,1,39,1","iterative,17,1,36,1,39,1,48,2","its,16,6,17,8,18,3,19,8,20,2,22,2,23,12,24,3,25,10,28,1,26,3,29,4,30,1,31,1,32,2,33,1,34,5,35,2,37,2,38,1,40,4,41,4,42,2,43,3,44,2,45,4,47,2,48,3,49,6,50,1","itself,20,1,21,1,23,1,24,1,31,2,32,1,33,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,2,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","iu,38,1","iv,22,1,37,5,40,5","ivs,29,1","jacket,17,1","jackson,11,1,19,6,29,1","james,21,1","jan,30,1,38,1","jankowski,30,1,38,1","january,15,1,16,1,18,2,20,1","japan,44,1,47,1","jc,25,1,29,1","jcb,30,12,38,13","je,24,1","jensen,19,3","jeopardises,49,1,50,1","jeopardizes,43,2,44,1,47,1","jet,16,1,24,2,32,3,37,3,40,3,41,3,42,3,43,5,46,1,48,3,50,8","jets,24,2","jim,25,1,29,1,38,1","jm,23,1,25,1,29,1,34,1","job,16,8,18,2,23,1,37,1,42,1","jobling,36,2,39,2","jobs,16,4","johannesburg,18,2,19,1,22,3,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,2,45,2,48,2,49,1,50,1","johansen,36,1,39,3","john,11,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,2,42,1","johnnesburg,18,1","johnson,46,2","join,15,1,22,1,27,1,31,1,33,1","joined,22,1","joining,15,2","joins,22,1,46,1","joint,22,4,25,1,29,1,30,6,38,3","jointly,20,1,21,1,23,1,25,1,29,1","joints,22,9,25,1,29,1","jones,11,1,16,2,22,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,46,2,48,1,49,3,50,3","josseybass,23,1","journal,18,2,19,1,22,1,23,3,46,1","jr,29,1","juan,25,1,29,1","judge,36,1,39,1","jul,21,1","juliusz,21,1","july,22,1,50,12","jumbo,16,1","june,20,1,21,5,22,5,23,5,24,1,32,6,33,5,34,5,35,5,36,4,37,1,38,5,39,9,40,5,41,1,42,1,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,1","jusqu,20,2","justified,23,1,25,2,34,1,36,1,39,1","justify,16,1,28,1","justifying,28,1,36,2,39,2","juxtaposed,19,1","kakuyama,23,1","kaolin,16,1","kata,18,1","katasbanis,17,1","katoh,28,1","katowice,25,1,29,1,36,1,39,1,45,1","katsabanis,46,1","keckler,21,2","keeping,30,2,38,2","keeps,35,1","ken,30,1,38,1","kenmare,25,1,29,1","kennedy,36,3,39,3","kentucky,37,1,40,1,41,1,45,2,47,2,48,1,50,3","kept,15,1,28,1,38,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,50,2","ketler,28,1","key,14,1,15,1,16,5,17,2,21,1,22,1,23,8,24,2,28,2,26,2,32,2,36,2,37,3,39,2,40,4,41,3,42,1,43,7,48,2","keying,25,1,34,1","keywords,12,1,21,1,23,1,32,1,33,1,34,1","kg,15,1,18,3,19,1,20,1,24,1,35,3,41,1,42,1,48,1,49,1","kham,20,1,24,1,32,1","killed,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","kilograms,35,2","kimura,28,1","kind,16,1,23,1,24,1,25,2,32,1,34,1,45,1","kinds,25,1,34,1","kinetic,19,1","kingdom,36,1,39,1","kingery,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","kingston,36,1,37,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","kininmonth,41,1,42,1,44,1,45,7,48,1","kinlaw,23,2","kizil,11,7,20,4,21,9,24,7,28,2,26,2,32,7,35,8,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","kj,17,1,19,6,25,1","kl,29,1","km,16,2,20,1,22,4,24,1,32,1,43,9,44,7,45,1,47,7,50,8","kman,30,1","kn,22,1","knew,20,1","know,23,1","knowing,22,1,23,1,30,2,38,2,46,2","knowledge,18,1,21,1,23,5,25,1,27,1,29,1,30,2,31,1,33,1,36,2,38,2,39,2,43,3,44,2,45,1,47,2,50,1","known,16,1,17,2,18,2,19,1,20,2,21,1,22,1,23,2,24,1,25,3,32,1,34,3,35,2,43,2,44,2,45,1,47,2,49,3,50,1","knows,23,1","ko,20,6,21,6,24,4,32,4,35,4,49,1","kohli,29,1,34,1","komarov,22,2","kp,22,1","kpa,17,8,22,9,25,26,29,12,34,14","kr,17,1","krakow,32,1,33,1,34,1,36,1,39,1","kriging,21,17,24,2,32,2","krishna,36,2,39,2","krzystolik,19,2","ks,17,1","ksep,17,1","kt,17,1,30,1,38,1","ku,22,1","kuhmer,17,1","kuhner,17,3","kw,15,6,22,1,26,1,29,1","kwh,36,2,39,2","ky,20,1,24,1,45,1,50,1","l1,22,2","l990,29,1","l991,25,1,29,1,34,1","labor,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,46,1","laboratories,17,2","laboratory,17,1,18,1,19,10,20,3,23,1,24,3,25,7,26,5,29,4,32,3,34,2,35,2,44,1,47,1,49,1","labour,16,18,24,2,25,1,28,1,29,2,31,3,32,2,33,1,34,1,35,2,36,9,37,1,39,8,41,1,42,1,48,1","labours,25,1,29,1","lacings,24,1,32,1","lack,16,2,23,5,25,1,30,1,34,1,38,1,41,1,43,4,44,1,47,1,48,1,50,1","lad,32,1","laden,11,1,19,3,24,2,26,3,32,2,43,2,44,1,47,1,50,2","lag,46,1","laid,25,1,29,1,43,1","lake,25,2,29,2,34,2,36,2,39,2","lambert,17,1","lambr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,1,50,2","manager,23,6","managerial,23,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","managers,45,1","manages,27,1,31,1,33,1","managing,23,3","manhole,45,3","manholes,45,2","manifold,24,2,32,3","manipulation,28,1,37,1,40,1","manmade,19,1","manner,23,1,25,2,29,2,34,1,36,1,39,1,50,1","manual,20,1,21,1,24,1,26,1,32,1,35,2,40,1,41,1,48,1","manually,18,2,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","manufactured,34,1","manufacturer,22,2,24,1,25,2,29,1,32,1,34,1","manufacturers,22,1,25,18,29,19,34,9,46,1","manufactures,25,1,29,1","manufacturing,25,1,29,1,34,1","map,20,1,21,7,23,1,24,1,35,1","mapped,20,1","mapping,21,10","maps,21,3,32,1","march,16,5,46,1","margin,21,1,26,1","marginal,19,1","marginally,19,1,46,1","marine,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","marital,16,1","mark,22,1,25,2,29,2","market,25,1,29,1,34,1","marketed,25,1,29,1","marketing,25,1,29,1","markets,23,1","married,16,1","martin,36,1,39,1","mask,20,2,24,1,32,1","masks,20,2,24,1,30,1,32,1,38,1","masonry,25,1,29,1","mass,7,1,18,4,19,2,24,2,32,2,35,4,41,1,48,1,49,12","massive,20,1","master,17,1","match,21,3,25,1,34,1","matched,21,4","matches,21,1","mated,48,1","material,20,1,21,1,22,6,24,1,25,15,29,7,32,1,34,13,35,2,39,1,41,1,42,8,43,1,44,3,45,2,47,3,48,1,49,3,50,1","materials,15,3,18,1,19,6,20,1,21,3,22,2,23,1,24,2,25,8,26,1,27,1,29,5,31,2,32,4,33,3,34,6,35,4,37,1,42,1,44,1,45,2,47,1","mathematical,19,3,22,4,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,2,45,3,46,5,48,2","mathematically,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,3,48,2","matrix,24,1,32,1,35,2","matsui,23,1","matter,15,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,43,1","matters,23,1,24,1,32,1,44,1,47,1","matthew,26,1","maturation,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","mature,23,1","mausimm,13,2,49,3","max,17,22,18,1,49,1","maximise,16,1,20,1,23,1,24,1,25,2,26,1,32,1,34,1,35,1,48,1","maximising,20,3,21,3,23,2,24,2,26,3,32,3,35,2,48,1","maximization,48,1","maximize,46,1","maximizing,46,1","maximum,17,20,18,23,19,5,20,3,21,2,24,4,25,5,28,1,26,3,29,3,30,3,32,2,34,3,38,2,41,1,42,1,43,1,45,1,46,5,48,1,49,5","maybe,36,1,39,1","mayes,11,9,28,2,27,2,30,1,31,2,33,2,36,3,37,4,38,1,39,3,40,3,41,3,42,2,43,3,44,4,47,3,48,3,50,2","mayes3,42,1","mcandrew,22,1","mcdaniel,28,2,37,2,40,2,41,3,48,3","mcelroy,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,2,48,2","mcgraw,23,2","mckinnon,17,2","mcpherson,18,8,19,2,28,1,36,2,39,2,43,2,44,2,46,2,47,2,49,2,50,2","md,24,2","meal,46,3","meals,16,1,46,1","mean,15,1,17,10,18,1,35,1,44,1,47,1","meaning,16,1,26,1","meaningful,18,2,25,1,29,1","means,15,3,16,1,17,1,20,1,21,1,25,1,27,1,30,3,31,2,33,1,34,4,35,1,37,1,38,3,40,1,41,2,42,1,43,1,44,2,45,1,46,1,47,2,48,2,49,1","meant,15,1,20,1,36,1,39,1","meas,37,2,40,3,42,2","measurable,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1","measure,15,1,18,3,20,1,21,2,22,3,23,1,24,2,25,1,32,2,35,3,41,2,46,3,48,2,49,3","measured,17,4,18,4,19,1,20,2,21,1,22,4,24,2,25,9,26,1,30,4,34,2,35,2,37,18,38,3,40,23,41,5,42,17,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,48,4,50,1","measurement,7,2,11,4,17,12,18,6,20,1,21,1,22,12,23,1,24,1,25,1,28,5,30,21,32,1,35,8,36,1,37,10,38,9,39,1,40,11,41,7,42,16,46,5,48,6","measurements,18,2,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,12,25,5,28,2,29,2,30,3,32,1,34,3,35,4,37,5,38,2,40,10,41,7,42,4,46,1,48,7","measures,7,1,16,1,18,2,19,1,20,1,24,1,28,1,26,1,32,1,35,2,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,1,43,3,44,1,45,1,47,1,48,2","measuring,16,1,20,1,21,1,22,2,25,1,29,1,32,1,35,3,37,6,40,3,41,3,42,3,48,3","meaunmea,40,1","mechanical,19,1,22,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","mechanics,35,1,44,1","mechanisation,19,1","mechanised,24,1,32,1","mechanism,19,2,23,1,25,34,34,25,35,1","mechanisms,19,2,20,2,21,1,24,1,25,4,32,1,34,4,35,1,45,1","med,38,1","median,46,3","medium,16,1,18,1,24,1,30,31,32,1,38,38,43,1,45,1","medsker,23,1","medtronic,23,1","meech,17,1","meet,15,4,17,1,23,1,25,6,26,1,29,6,34,3,36,1,39,1","meeting,15,1,17,1,21,1,23,6,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,34,1,45,1","meetings,16,4,23,11","mehmet,20,1,28,1","melbourne,16,1,19,1,22,1,23,1,28,1,41,1,42,1,44,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","member,8,1,13,1,16,2","members,16,9,23,2,45,1","membership,16,1","membrane,25,1,29,3","memory,18,1","men,15,2,18,1,38,1,43,1,45,2","mental,18,1","mention,20,1","mentioned,30,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,45,2,47,1,48,1","menu,18,1","merely,46,2","mesh,25,3,29,2,34,2,35,1,45,1,46,1","met,15,1,23,1,26,2","metabolic,18,14,24,1,32,1","metal,16,2,22,3,25,4,29,4,34,3,35,4,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,44,2,46,1,47,2,48,1,49,2,50,2","metall,16,1,18,2,19,1,20,2,22,1,41,1,42,1,44,1,48,1","metallic,20,2,21,1,24,1,32,1","metalliferous,9,1,10,1,16,2,17,2,22,1,36,1,39,1,41,3,42,2,46,3,48,3,50,2","metallurgical,18,3","metallurgy,16,2,17,1,19,2,28,6,27,1,33,1,45,3,49,3,50,3","metals,46,1","metcalf,22,3","meter,11,1,18,23,22,1","meters,22,2","methane,15,1,17,1,19,105,25,6,26,1,27,2,30,3,33,2,34,3,38,2,41,1,44,1,50,3","method,7,1,16,1,17,38,18,2,19,3,20,1,21,29,22,5,23,2,24,1,25,4,28,1,26,1,27,24,29,3,30,2,31,27,32,1,33,35,34,4,35,2,36,2,38,2,39,2,40,2,42,2,44,3,45,3,47,3","méthodes,20,1","methodologies,22,1,36,2,39,2","methodology,22,3,23,3,25,1,31,1,33,1,36,6,39,8","methods,11,2,16,1,17,1,19,4,20,1,21,21,23,1,24,7,25,6,27,4,29,6,30,3,31,8,32,4,33,9,34,6,35,11,36,11,38,2,39,8,44,1,46,1,47,1","methyl,19,4","metre,31,1,49,1","metres,20,2","metric,22,3,46,2","mexico,29,1","mg,7,1,24,2,25,3,29,3,30,21,32,1,38,22,41,3,43,4,48,3","mice,20,1","micon,50,1","micro,21,8","microbalance,7,1","microbiological,24,5,32,6","microcircuitry,18,1","microclimate,18,1","microgram,7,1","micron,20,1,35,1","microprocessor,35,1","microsoft,15,4,16,4,17,4,18,4,19,4,20,4,21,4,22,4,23,4,24,4,25,4,28,4,26,4,27,4,29,4,30,4,31,4,32,4,33,4,34,4,35,4,36,4,37,4,38,4,39,4,40,4,41,4,42,4,43,4,44,4,45,4,46,4,47,4,48,4","microstructures,35,1","microtrac,35,1","microvariance,21,1","microview,41,2,48,2","mid,15,1,21,1,25,6,30,3,38,2,46,1","middle,21,1,34,1,35,1,37,2,40,2,41,1,42,2,43,4,44,2,47,2,48,1,50,1","might,18,1,21,4,24,2,25,5,30,1,31,2,32,2,33,1,34,2,35,1,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,44,1,46,2,47,1,49,1","migrate,49,4","migrated,24,1,32,1,49,2","migrates,49,3","migration,28,1,27,2,31,2,33,2,41,1,48,1,49,9","migratory,49,1","mile,25,1,29,1","milestones,23,2","mill,35,1","milling,35,1","million,16,2,41,1,46,1,48,1","mim,16,1,18,1","min,16,1,18,5,19,1,20,3,21,1,22,2,24,1,25,2,26,3,29,2,30,3,32,1,41,1,42,1,44,2,47,1,48,1,49,4","mindset,23,1","mine,1,2,3,6,5,2,7,8,9,3,10,5,11,16,13,12,14,4,15,62,16,100,17,18,18,20,19,25,20,21,21,36,22,12,23,9,24,12,25,34,28,53,26,34,27,11,29,37,30,31,31,4,32,16,33,10,34,17,35,8,36,25,37,55,38,30,39,29,40,62,41,68,42,35,43,117,44,99,45,77,46,31,47,96,48,68,49,98,50,118","mined,16,1,20,4,21,4,24,1,30,3,32,1,38,3,41,1,48,1,50,1","miner,7,4,16,2,18,1,20,1,26,3,30,2","mineral,13,1,17,15,20,1,21,3,24,1,32,1,50,1","mineralogical,17,16","mineralogy,17,1,20,1","minerals,15,1,16,6,17,39,18,1,19,2,20,1,21,2,23,1,24,2,26,1,31,2,32,4,33,2,34,1,35,3,45,1,46,1","miners,15,2,18,1,24,2,26,4,27,1,30,4,32,3,38,3,43,12,44,2,45,2,46,3,47,2,49,2,50,1","mines,9,2,10,2,11,3,14,1,15,9,16,29,17,9,18,5,19,15,20,9,21,6,22,2,23,4,24,11,25,45,28,3,26,4,27,12,29,54,30,120,31,5,32,11,33,11,34,30,36,12,37,8,38,119,39,12,40,8,41,11,42,9,43,21,44,15,45,4,46,17,47,13,48,11,49,7,50,14","minesafety,45,1","minesite,43,1","minewide,30,1","mini,46,1","minigas,26,1,35,4","minimal,43,3,46,3,50,3","minimisation,27,1,31,2,33,1","minimise,16,1,17,2,24,1,25,2,28,1,27,1,29,1,30,1,31,1,32,1,33,2","minimised,31,1,33,1","minimises,27,1,31,1,33,1","minimising,27,1,30,1,31,2,46,1","minimization,36,3,39,3","minimize,11,1,36,3,38,1,39,4,44,1,45,1,46,2,47,1,48,1","minimized,36,1,39,1,46,1,48,1","minimizing,36,1,38,1,39,1","minimum,15,1,19,4,21,6,24,4,25,2,29,2,31,1,32,2,33,1,34,1,36,8,39,8,44,6,46,2,47,5,49,11","mining,1,8,2,6,3,5,5,8,6,5,7,6,8,6,9,5,10,7,11,12,12,5,13,14,14,5,15,7,16,115,17,6,18,19,19,14,20,42,21,30,22,8,23,15,24,36,25,15,28,11,26,19,27,13,29,8,30,37,31,9,32,36,33,17,34,10,35,21,36,8,37,2,38,26,39,9,40,4,41,6,42,5,43,13,44,21,45,14,46,10,47,17,48,8,49,13,50,17","ministry,19,5","miniwarn,46,1","minmet,19,2","minneapolis,23,1","minor,20,3,25,1,26,1,30,2","mins,18,8,24,1,46,13","minserve,1,1,2,3,6,2,8,11,13,1,49,4","mintz,19,2","minus,43,1,44,1,47,1,50,2","minute,18,2,20,1,30,4,38,4,46,2","minutes,16,1,18,8,20,1,21,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,32,1,34,1,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,43,2,44,6,45,2,46,10,47,6,48,1,49,30","mir,22,1,38,1","mirror,19,1","mirrored,19,1","missed,43,1","missing,21,1","missouri,37,1,40,1,41,1,44,3,47,2,48,1,49,2,50,2","missourirolla,47,1","mistakes,23,1","misunderstandings,23,1","mitchell,23,1,36,1,39,1,44,4,47,3,49,2,50,2","mitigation,43,3","mix,15,1,44,1,47,1","mixed,15,1,19,1,20,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,44,1,47,1","mixes,27,1,31,1,33,1","mixing,15,1,19,2,24,2,25,2,27,2,29,2,31,2,32,2,33,2,34,1,46,2","mixture,19,18,24,1,25,1,32,1,34,1,35,1,43,1,44,2,46,1,47,2,49,1,50,1","mixtures,17,1,19,57,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,2,29,1,32,1,34,1","mj,25,2,29,3,34,1,43,1,44,3,47,3","mlv,41,20,48,11","mm,20,1,22,23,25,35,26,2,29,7,34,17,35,5,43,1,49,12","mobile,16,1,30,3,38,3","modal,16,5","mode,23,3,25,1,27,6,31,7,33,6,34,1","model,3,1,15,7,18,28,21,31,22,5,23,25,24,1,25,6,28,6,26,2,27,1,29,2,31,15,32,1,33,1,34,4,35,1,36,12,37,6,39,10,40,22,41,12,42,4,43,14,44,4,45,19,47,4,48,12,49,8,50,5","modeled,37,1,40,1,44,3,47,3","modeling,28,1,34,1,36,1,37,4,38,1,39,10,40,4,44,4,45,4,46,4,47,2","modelled,21,1,25,2,34,1,42,1,43,2,50,1","modelling,11,2,15,1,21,8,24,6,25,5,28,7,32,5,34,5,36,12,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,4,42,2,43,8,44,9,47,10,48,5,49,7,50,8","models,14,2,15,5,21,8,22,5,23,2,24,2,25,3,28,1,26,4,27,2,31,3,32,2,33,2,34,1,35,1,36,2,37,3,39,1,40,10,41,5,43,3,44,3,45,1,46,1,47,3,48,5,49,1,50,1","modem,28,1","moderate,16,11,29,2,30,1,38,1","moderately,25,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,49,1","moderates,49,1","modern,15,2,19,4,24,1,28,2,27,1,30,3,32,1,33,1,35,1,38,4,41,1,43,1,44,4,45,2,46,3,47,4,48,1,49,1,50,1","modes,23,1,36,1,39,1","modification,18,1,28,2,37,3,40,4,41,3,48,3","modifications,28,6,41,1,44,1,47,1,48,1","modified,20,1,21,3,24,4,25,2,28,4,26,3,29,1,30,1,32,5,34,1,35,2,37,2,38,1,40,3,41,1,43,3,44,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,2","modify,28,1,40,2","modifying,30,1,38,1","module,28,2","modules,45,1","moelle,20,1,21,2,24,2,32,2","mohr,25,1,34,1","moisture,19,1,49,1,50,1","molecule,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","molecules,24,1,32,1","moment,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","money,23,1,36,1,39,1","monitor,7,5,18,1,20,6,23,5,24,3,28,1,26,1,32,3,35,1,37,1,40,2,41,3,42,1,46,3,48,2","monitored,18,1,25,1,28,1,26,1,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,2,40,1,41,2,48,2","monitoring,11,5,13,2,14,1,18,1,20,6,21,1,23,1,24,8,25,2,28,43,26,1,27,5,29,2,30,2,32,8,33,5,35,1,36,7,37,21,38,1,39,7,40,26,41,37,42,9,43,1,46,5,48,35,49,1","monitors,20,4,23,3,24,2,26,1,32,1","monograph,36,1,39,1","monotox,35,1","monoxide,19,1,27,1,33,1,44,1,46,4,47,1","month,46,1","monthly,30,1","months,16,5,18,1,20,1,30,1,38,1,41,1,48,1,50,1","montreal,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","mopping,45,1","moranbah,16,24","morley,50,1","morning,21,1,45,1","mortar,25,1,29,1","mortared,25,5,29,5,34,5","mortgage,16,1","moscow,19,1,22,1","mostly,17,1,40,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,46,2,47,1,49,1,50,1","motion,45,1","motivation,16,2","motor,15,4,26,1,35,4","motorised,42,1","motors,15,3,50,1","mount,18,2,41,1,48,1","mounted,7,2,26,1,30,1,35,1,38,2","mounting,25,1","moura,15,5,25,2,29,1,34,2,43,2,44,1,45,1,47,1,50,1","mouse,15,2","mousset,37,1,40,1,41,1,46,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","movable,25,1,29,1,35,1","move,16,2,26,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,1,42,2,44,2,46,1,47,2","moved,36,1,39,1,41,1,46,1,49,3","movement,18,1,24,2,25,8,29,1,30,4,31,1,32,2,34,1,38,4,49,1,50,5","movements,38,2","moves,18,1,49,1","moving,15,1,20,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,39,1","mpa,17,11,25,3,29,2,30,2,38,1","mr,17,1,21,1,30,2,38,1,41,2,45,2,48,2","ms,21,1,24,1,26,1,32,1","msha,25,4,29,5,34,1","mt,18,3","mtpa,27,1,29,1,30,2,31,1,33,1,38,2","mtpy,41,3,48,3","muck,46,1","mucking,46,10","muckpile,46,4","muds,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","multi,16,2,24,4,32,2,35,1","multidisciplinary,23,3","multidisciplined,32,1","multiple,24,1,25,1,27,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,35,1,41,1,44,1,47,1,48,1","multitude,36,1,39,1","multiuse,36,1,39,1","multivariate,21,1","multiwarn,35,2,46,1","mum,21,1","mur,20,2","murnighan,23,1","murray,18,2","mutant,24,1,32,1","mutants,24,1","mutmanski,22,1","mutmansky,22,1,25,1,29,1,34,1,42,1","mutton,29,1,34,1","mw,43,2,44,7,47,7","n1,22,1","n2,35,1","n2o3,19,1","n2o4,19,1","nadler,23,14","nal,21,1","name,12,1,16,3","named,17,5,35,1,45,3","namely,16,1,17,1,18,2,19,1,21,3,25,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,44,1,46,1,47,1,49,1","nan,11,1,28,2","narcotic,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","narrow,18,1,21,3","national,13,1,22,7,25,1,29,1,30,1,38,1,46,1","natural,16,1,20,2,21,2,25,1,28,1,29,1,34,1,43,8,44,10,46,1,47,8,49,7,50,8","naturally,25,1,29,1,46,1","nature,16,4,19,2,21,1,22,1,23,2,24,2,25,2,30,1,31,1,32,2,33,1,34,2,36,2,37,1,38,2,39,2,40,1,41,2,42,1,43,1,44,1,45,2,47,1,48,2,49,4,50,1","naukowe,45,1","nb,25,2,29,3,34,1","ncb,22,1","ncentra,46,1","ncing,32,1","near,15,1,16,10,17,4,18,1,19,1,22,1,25,5,29,1,30,2,34,1,35,2,38,1,41,2,45,2,46,2,49,2","nearby,16,1,25,1,29,2,41,1","nearest,21,3,43,1","nearly,18,1,21,1,25,1","necessarily,17,1,20,1,21,1,29,1,30,3,31,1,33,1,38,3,39,1","necessary,15,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,21,1,22,1,24,1,25,1,26,1,29,1,30,1,31,4,32,1,33,2,35,1,36,9,38,1,39,9,40,6,41,2,43,1,44,3,47,3,48,3,49,1","necessitated,36,1,39,1","necessitates,15,2,31,1","necessity,15,1,19,1,23,1,28,1,40,1","needed,15,2,16,1,17,1,21,1,22,2,23,5,24,2,25,1,26,2,29,1,30,1,32,2,38,3,43,1,44,1,46,1,47,1,48,1","needs,15,2,18,1,23,13,25,2,29,2,34,5,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,2,46,1,48,1","negative,18,4","neglecting,22,1","negligible,18,2,46,2","negotiated,23,2","neighbour,21,3","neighbourhood,21,1","neither,18,1,19,1,46,1","nervous,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","net,18,4,36,1,39,1,44,2,47,2","netherlands,24,1,32,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,43,1,44,1,46,1,47,2,48,1","network,14,1,15,2,22,7,24,1,28,35,26,7,27,5,29,1,30,4,31,5,32,2,33,6,36,10,37,16,38,2,39,9,40,21,41,24,42,7,43,4,44,18,45,6,46,1,47,17,48,23,49,11,50,13","networked,23,3","networks,15,1,36,3,39,3,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","neuropteris,20,1","neutairp,15,4","neutral,11,1,15,9,36,2,39,2","neutralisation,20,3,21,1,24,6,32,7","neutralise,24,1,32,1","neutralised,24,2,32,2","neutralisers,24,1,32,1","nevada,44,1,46,1,47,1","never,22,1,49,1","nevertheless,19,2,21,1,49,1","new,9,1,10,1,11,1,16,15,17,5,19,3,20,2,21,1,22,2,23,3,24,1,25,10,28,4,26,1,27,4,29,8,30,2,31,4,33,4,34,6,35,3,36,7,37,8,38,3,39,6,40,9,41,3,42,13,43,3,44,2,45,1,46,2,47,1,48,3,49,3,50,4","newcastle,27,1,31,1,33,1","newcomers,23,1","newer,27,1,33,1","newlands,16,4,20,1","newly,25,1,29,1,43,2,50,2","newstan,25,1,29,1","next,16,1,20,4,21,1,23,1,25,1,27,7,29,1,31,10,33,10,36,1,39,1,44,6,45,1,46,1,47,6,49,1","ni,21,1","nicd,35,1","nil,16,3","nine,16,2,20,1,24,1,25,5,26,1,29,4,32,1,34,3,41,2,42,1,48,2,49,1","ning,48,1","ninth,38,1,39,1,40,1,50,1","niosh,7,1,25,2,29,3","nitrate,19,3,20,1,35,8","nitrated,19,1","nitrates,19,2","nitration,19,4","nitric,46,2","nitrogen,19,13,43,2,46,2,50,7","nitroglycerine,19,1","nitrous,19,5","no2,19,3,46,7","nodal,43,2,44,2,47,2","node,21,7","nodes,21,3,45,3","nohsc,46,5","nombreuses,20,1","nomenclature,27,1,31,2,33,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1","nominal,22,1,44,1,46,1,47,1","nominally,46,2","nominated,15,1","nomogram,22,7","non,15,2,16,15,19,1,20,1,22,1,23,1,25,6,29,1,30,1,31,1,34,4,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,1,42,4,43,4,44,3,47,1,48,1,49,2,50,2","nonactive,15,1","none,30,1,38,1","nonfifo,16,1","nonhebel,19,2","nonpit,33,1","nonsymmetrical,37,1,40,1","nor,18,1,20,1,46,1","noranda,17,1","normal,16,2,17,1,18,4,19,2,20,1,25,7,28,1,29,2,30,4,34,2,36,2,38,1,39,1,43,1,44,1,45,2,46,1,47,1,48,1","normally,15,1,17,1,19,2,21,1,25,1,26,3,29,1,30,3,36,1,37,1,38,3,39,1,40,2,41,2,42,1,43,3,44,1,45,1,48,1,50,1","norms,23,2","north,15,1,16,36,20,1,24,1,26,1,27,1,31,2,32,1,33,1,36,5,37,1,38,1,39,6,40,1,41,2,42,1,43,19,44,2,47,2,48,2,50,1","northern,16,3","nose,19,1,20,2,21,2,24,2,32,2","notably,36,1,39,1","note,16,2,18,1,23,2,25,2,26,1","noted,17,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,3,27,1,32,1,33,1,34,2,35,1,40,2,41,1,42,1,43,4,44,3,45,1,46,3,47,2,48,1,49,1,50,1","notes,19,2,21,1,22,2,23,3,24,1,32,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","notesweb,46,1","nothing,25,2,29,2,34,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","notice,20,1","noticed,45,1","notified,45,1","noting,43,1","notion,23,1","november,20,1,35,1,45,9,49,1,50,3","nowra,34,1","nox,19,38","noxious,15,1","nozzle,17,1","ns,17,13,20,1,37,4","ns2,15,6,22,4,40,4,42,8,50,6","nsw,25,6,27,4,29,5,30,4,31,3,32,1,33,4,34,6,38,4,43,2,45,1,50,3","nude,18,4","nugget,21,8","num,37,1,40,1","number,9,1,10,1,15,8,16,9,17,5,18,1,19,2,20,1,21,10,22,10,23,1,24,12,25,9,28,4,26,8,27,8,29,5,30,6,31,8,32,11,33,10,34,3,35,10,36,13,37,4,38,7,39,13,40,5,41,4,42,6,43,15,44,7,45,3,46,5,47,7,48,3,49,5,50,11","numbered,41,1,48,1","numbers,16,2,28,1,29,1,30,2,41,1,45,1,48,1","numeric,7,1","numerical,11,2,22,1,25,4,34,3,43,1,44,2,45,9,47,4,49,4,50,3","numerous,9,1,10,1,20,1,23,1,40,1,41,1,48,1,50,3","nurture,23,1","nylon,35,1","o2,27,1,33,1,35,3,43,20,49,3,50,3","oa,20,1,24,1,32,2","oaky,20,17,24,8,32,5,43,18","oal,20,1,24,1,32,1","oberholzer,30,1,36,2,38,1,39,2","objective,19,1,24,2,28,1,32,2,43,2,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,2,50,1","objectively,26,1,43,1","objectives,22,1,23,7,24,1,28,1,32,1,45,2","observation,23,2,43,1,46,1","observations,20,1,21,6,23,2,25,1,28,1,34,1,36,1,39,1,43,9,46,1,50,1","observe,28,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,2,49,1","observed,15,1,18,5,19,1,25,4,26,1,30,2,31,1,34,2,35,1,36,2,37,2,38,2,39,2,40,2,41,1,42,1,43,11,44,8,45,2,46,1,47,7,48,2,50,2","observing,22,1","obstacle,37,1,40,1,42,1","obstacles,23,1","obstruct,43,1","obstruction,22,1","obtain,16,3,17,1,21,1,22,2,24,3,25,3,32,3,34,1","obtainable,19,1","obtained,16,1,17,3,18,2,19,4,21,1,22,5,23,2,24,3,25,7,29,1,30,1,32,3,34,3,35,3,37,1,38,1,40,5,41,1,42,1,44,1,47,1,48,1,49,1","obtaining,17,1,20,1,21,2,23,2,24,1,32,1,35,3,48,1","obvious,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,49,1","obviously,16,1,21,1,30,1,31,1,33,1,46,1,49,1","oc,18,5","occasion,50,1","occasional,25,1","occupational,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,46,1","occur,15,1,18,3,19,3,20,1,21,1,23,1,24,6,25,4,27,1,29,1,32,6,33,1,34,2,37,1,40,1,42,1,43,5,44,3,45,2,46,2,47,3,49,3,50,2","occurred,15,2,16,3,19,1,22,1,24,1,25,1,28,2,32,1,43,3,44,1,45,6,47,1,48,1","occurrence,11,1,20,7,21,12,24,9,28,4,26,2,32,8,35,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,44,1,45,3,46,2,47,1","occurrences,20,3,21,1,24,3,26,2,32,3,44,2,47,1","occurring,15,1,19,2,20,1,21,1,22,2,25,4,28,1,29,1,34,1,36,2,37,1,39,2,40,1,41,1,43,2,44,1,47,1,48,1,50,1","occurs,15,2,16,2,18,1,19,3,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,7,28,2,26,1,32,1,34,3,37,1,40,1,42,1,43,3,44,4,45,2,47,4,49,7,50,2","october,20,1,45,2,50,1","od,23,1","odd,24,1,32,1","odour,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","off,16,51,20,1,21,1,23,1,25,2,29,1,30,1,35,1,37,32,38,1,39,1,40,43,42,46,43,23,44,1,45,2,47,1,49,3,50,12","offer,46,3","offered,16,1","offers,7,1,20,1,24,1,32,1","office,16,1,23,1","officer,43,1","officers,17,2,28,1","official,16,2","officials,16,1,20,1,24,1,32,1","offload,31,1,33,1","offset,21,1,46,1","ofthe,33,1","oil,20,1","old,15,1,25,2,28,1,26,2,27,1,29,2,31,4,33,4,34,2,36,1,39,1,50,1","older,36,1,39,1","oldest,36,1,39,1","olfactory,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","olu,46,1","olympic,16,2","omega,25,1,29,2","omitted,22,1","omm,21,1","once,17,1,20,1,21,2,22,3,24,1,25,3,28,4,29,1,32,1,34,1,37,1,40,3,41,4,44,1,46,3,47,1,48,5,49,2,50,1","onerous,15,1","ones,19,1","ongiatco,23,1","ongoing,23,3,28,1,31,2,33,2,36,1,39,2,40,1","online,14,1,28,1,37,2,40,2,41,4,48,4","ono,28,1","onpanel,28,1","onset,25,3,29,2,34,1","ont,20,2","onto,15,1,19,1,26,1,31,2,33,2,35,1,45,1","onveyor,32,1","onwards,45,1","ope,48,1","open,15,1,16,4,18,1,23,5,25,2,28,1,27,4,31,4,33,5,36,1,37,11,39,1,40,12,41,4,42,1,43,2,44,3,46,2,47,3,48,4,49,16,50,4","opened,40,1,41,1,42,1,46,1","opening,18,1,25,1,29,2,34,1,37,24,40,20,41,22,42,40,43,1,45,2,48,19","openings,22,1,35,1,45,1,46,1","openness,23,1","operate,15,2,16,5,18,1,19,1,23,1,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,2,45,1","operated,16,2,25,1,27,5,31,6,33,6,34,1,36,1,39,1","operates,23,1","operating,3,2,15,3,16,3,17,3,19,2,20,2,22,4,23,2,24,1,28,7,26,3,27,5,30,3,31,5,32,2,33,4,36,20,37,3,38,5,39,21,40,3,41,5,42,3,43,11,44,1,46,5,47,1,48,4,50,5","operation,3,1,15,1,16,56,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,23,2,24,2,25,2,28,2,26,1,27,4,29,4,30,4,31,6,32,2,33,3,36,11,37,1,38,4,39,11,40,2,41,3,42,1,43,6,44,1,45,1,47,1,48,3,50,4","operational,14,2,20,1,24,2,25,2,28,5,26,2,27,1,29,2,30,5,31,8,32,2,33,2,34,1,35,2,36,4,37,3,38,4,39,4,40,3,41,5,42,1,43,2,48,5","operations,8,1,16,95,19,3,20,2,21,1,22,1,24,4,25,3,28,2,27,9,29,2,30,7,31,7,32,3,33,10,34,1,35,2,36,5,37,1,38,7,39,6,40,1,41,2,42,1,43,2,44,2,45,1,47,2,48,4,49,1,50,1","operator,16,1,20,3,22,1,24,1,26,1,30,11,32,1,37,1,38,10,40,1,42,1,46,1,49,1","operators,16,10,17,1,19,2,20,9,21,1,24,4,26,1,30,19,32,4,35,1,38,18,41,1,42,1,43,1,44,1,48,1,49,1","opinions,16,1,20,1,21,1,29,2","opportunity,16,1,23,1,36,2,39,3,43,1,45,1","opposed,16,1,25,1,31,2,33,1,34,1,46,1","opposing,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","opposite,22,1,25,1,30,1,34,1,38,1,43,2,44,1,47,1","opposition,16,1","opr,30,2,38,2","optimal,21,1,23,2,28,2,41,1,48,1","optimisation,28,2,31,1,33,2,36,6,39,5","optimise,23,1,28,1","optimising,28,1,41,2,48,2","optimization,38,1","optimize,36,1,39,1","optimized,36,1,39,2","optimizing,37,2,40,2","optimum,16,1,17,4,31,2,36,3,39,3,43,3,46,1,50,1","option,15,2,16,16,20,1,21,1,28,3,26,1,31,1,35,2,36,1,39,1,43,2,46,1","options,16,4,20,2,21,3,24,2,28,2,30,3,31,1,32,3,34,2,36,3,38,1,39,3,40,1,41,2,43,6,48,2","orally,18,1","order,15,1,16,1,17,4,18,1,20,2,21,1,22,3,23,1,24,2,25,7,28,1,26,5,27,1,29,1,30,6,31,2,32,1,33,2,34,4,35,2,37,1,38,6,40,1,41,2,42,1,43,1,48,2","ordinary,25,1,29,1","orebodies,16,2,17,2,41,1,48,1","orebody,17,1","ores,17,4","organ,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","organic,19,1,20,4,21,3,24,4,32,4","organisation,11,1,17,1,19,5,23,46","organisational,23,34","organisations,16,3,20,1,21,1,23,16,43,1","organised,9,1,10,1,23,1","organising,13,1","organism,24,2,32,2","organizations,44,1,47,1","organo,24,1,32,1","orientation,46,1","oriented,21,1,34,1","orifice,37,17,40,17,41,15,42,21,48,12","origin,20,1,21,3,22,1,25,1","original,16,1,21,11,26,1,39,1,40,2,41,2,48,1,49,1","originally,16,1,25,1","originated,34,1","orr,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","osion,17,1","otal,42,1","otherwise,44,1,47,1","ottawa,17,1","oured,32,1","outbreak,49,5","outby,43,4,44,1,47,1","outbye,15,1,20,6,24,2,25,1,29,1,32,2,43,15,44,1,47,1,49,2,50,4","outcome,23,1,28,1,37,2,40,2,41,2,43,1,44,2,45,1,47,1,48,2,49,1,50,2","outcomes,23,2,25,3,34,2,43,2,44,3,47,4,49,1","outer,15,1,20,1,45,1","outlet,22,1,35,3,38,1","outlets,49,1","outline,23,1,36,1,39,1","outlined,18,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1","outlines,20,1,31,1","outlining,23,1","output,16,1,18,1,19,3,23,1,32,1,41,1,43,6,44,7,47,6,48,1,49,1,50,1","outputs,18,1,23,4,37,1,40,3,44,3,47,2","outputting,50,1","outset,23,1","outside,16,1,18,1,19,1,22,5,23,2,26,1,31,2,36,2,39,1,45,1","outsiders,16,1,23,1","overall,17,2,18,3,20,1,21,4,23,4,25,2,28,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,36,2,39,3,41,1,46,2,48,1","overalls,18,1","overburden,25,2,29,2,36,1,39,1","overcast,15,4,29,1","overcasts,15,3,25,3,29,2,34,3,36,1,39,2,50,1","overcome,23,2,36,2,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,46,1,48,1","overcoming,23,1","overdriven,19,1","overdriving,19,1","overestimates,18,1","overexposure,20,1,24,1,32,1,46,1","overlap,27,1,31,1,33,1,37,1,42,1","overlapped,34,2","overlapping,16,5,38,1","overlaps,34,2","overlayed,31,1","overlie,21,1","overly,46,1","overlying,25,1,29,1","overpressure,25,4,29,2,34,4,36,1,39,1","overpressures,34,2","overriding,31,1,33,1","overseas,18,1,24,1,30,5,38,6","oversupply,46,1","overtake,43,1,44,1,47,1","overtaken,43,1,44,1,47,1","overview,20,1,24,2,25,2,28,1,29,2,32,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","overwhelming,16,2","owen,20,1,24,1","owing,19,1","own,18,1,19,1,23,3,25,2,29,2,34,2,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1","owned,43,1,50,1","owner,25,1","owners,18,1","oxford,21,1,28,1,26,1,27,1,29,1","oxidation,19,2,24,2,28,1,32,2,49,16","oxide,16,2,20,1,46,2","oxides,19,8","oxidise,20,1,49,1","oxidising,49,1","oxyacetylene,19,1","oxygen,18,1,19,58,25,1,27,2,29,2,31,1,33,2,36,1,39,1,44,7,45,4,46,1,47,7,49,40,50,8","oz,19,2","p0,22,5","p1,22,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","p2,22,3,40,1,42,1,48,1","p3,20,1,24,1,32,1","p4sr,18,4","pa,19,3,22,3,25,3,29,1,34,1,35,1,37,2,40,3,41,1,42,4,43,2,44,2,45,8,47,2,48,1,49,1","pace,30,2,38,2","pack,35,1","package,3,1,21,3,22,1,44,2,45,4,47,2,49,1","packaged,46,1","packages,43,2,44,3,45,1,47,3,49,2,50,3","packer,24,1,32,1","packers,24,1,32,1","packet,28,1","packing,41,1,42,1,48,1","page,21,13,23,10,25,1,29,16,34,1,41,1,48,1","pages,16,1","paging,28,1","paid,23,1","pair,15,3","pairs,23,1","palo,23,1","panel,4,8,15,12,16,1,18,1,20,8,21,17,24,7,25,12,26,16,27,12,29,16,30,10,31,14,32,8,33,15,34,9,35,6,36,1,37,1,38,7,39,1,40,1,42,1,43,32,44,21,47,20,50,5","panels,19,1,20,3,21,6,24,3,25,4,26,2,27,2,29,4,30,3,31,5,32,3,33,3,34,2,36,2,38,4,39,2,41,2,42,1,43,2,44,4,45,1,47,3,48,1","panigrahi,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","panneau,20,1","panneaux,20,1","panstwowe,45,1","pantec,31,1,33,1","pantechnicon,26,3","paper,16,4,18,1,19,1,20,5,21,2,22,3,23,1,24,6,25,1,28,1,26,2,27,2,30,2,31,1,32,5,33,2,34,6,35,6,38,5,39,4,40,4,42,1,43,9,44,6,45,4,46,1,47,6,49,3,50,3","paper1,46,4","paper6,45,4","papera11,48,4","papers,11,1,26,4,29,4","par,20,1","parallel,15,5,20,1,22,1,24,4,28,1,26,2,32,3,36,4,37,4,39,5,40,3,41,1,42,5,43,2,44,4,45,2,46,1,47,2,48,1,49,2,50,5","paralleled,16,1","paralleling,19,1","parameter,17,2,21,2,22,2","parameters,16,1,17,12,18,8,21,1,22,2,28,1,27,2,33,2,35,1,36,2,37,2,38,1,39,2,40,2,41,1,42,1,43,1,45,1,46,6,48,1,49,4","paramount,21,1,46,1","park,20,1","parkville,36,1,39,1","part,15,3,16,4,18,3,19,4,20,3,21,3,23,3,24,1,25,7,28,1,26,2,29,6,30,3,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,3,36,6,37,2,38,2,39,7,40,2,41,4,42,1,43,17,44,3,45,4,46,2,47,3,48,4,49,5","partial,25,1,26,10,45,1","partially,15,2,17,1,24,1,26,2,32,1,37,1,42,1","participate,16,3,30,1","participated,23,1,27,1,31,1,33,1","participating,16,2,23,1,43,4","participation,16,1","particle,17,4,20,1,24,2,32,2,35,2,49,2","particles,19,1","particular,13,1,16,1,17,4,18,1,19,5,21,3,22,1,23,5,24,2,25,3,28,2,32,2,34,3,36,4,38,1,39,4,41,1,42,1,45,2,46,1,48,2,49,3,50,2","particularly,16,4,17,1,18,1,20,1,23,1,25,2,30,8,34,1,35,3,36,1,38,6,43,4,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,4","particulate,26,4","particulier,20,1","parties,17,1,19,1,23,2","partly,16,1,18,2,45,1","parts,18,1,23,1,24,1,29,1,45,1,49,3,50,1","party,23,2","pascal,45,1","pass,15,2,17,2,22,1,26,1,29,2,30,1,37,3,38,1,40,2,42,1,49,1","passage,25,2,26,1,35,1,37,1,42,2,49,1","passaged,24,1,32,1","passages,24,1,32,1,37,1,40,1,42,1","passageways,15,1","passed,15,1,23,1,24,1,32,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","passes,15,2,20,1,24,1,35,1,41,1,43,2,44,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,2,50,1","passing,15,3,17,1,20,2,21,1,25,1,26,1,29,2,31,1,33,1,34,2,38,1,42,3,49,1","past,18,1,22,2,23,1,24,1,25,3,26,1,29,2,31,2,32,1,33,2,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,43,1,44,1,45,1,46,2,47,1","patashnick,7,1","patchwork,21,1","patchy,20,1","path,22,2,24,1,31,1,32,1,36,2,37,6,39,1,40,6,41,4,42,7,46,4,48,3","paths,22,8,28,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,36,2,37,3,38,1,39,2,40,3,41,5,42,9,43,1,44,2,47,2,48,5,49,1,50,2","pathways,15,1","pattern,16,1,21,1,24,1,25,4,29,4,30,2,32,1,37,2,38,1,40,2,41,2,42,3,48,2","patterns,21,1,23,2,27,1,33,1,34,1,37,1,38,1,40,2,42,1","patterson,22,1","pattiki,45,1","paucity,25,2,29,1,46,1","paul,23,1","paull,22,1","pay,16,1,44,1,47,1","payments,16,1","pb,16,5,45,6","pbs,17,16","pc,7,1,28,1,45,5","pdf,15,4,16,4,17,4,18,4,19,4,20,4,21,4,22,4,23,4,24,4,25,4,28,4,26,4,27,4,29,4,30,4,31,4,32,4,33,4,34,4,35,4,36,4,37,4,38,4,39,4,40,4,41,4,42,4,43,4,44,4,45,4,46,4,47,4,48,4,49,4,50,4","peak,16,2,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,6,28,2,26,1,30,1,32,1,38,2,39,2,46,5,49,18","peaks,21,1","pearson,11,2,25,2,34,4","peer,23,1","peers,23,1","pegging,30,2,38,2","penal,25,1,29,2,34,1","penalties,23,1","penalty,20,1","penetrated,21,1,35,1","peng,20,2","pennsylvania,30,1,38,1","people,16,5,20,3,23,10,26,1,49,1,50,1","per,7,1,15,4,16,7,17,18,19,21,20,3,21,2,22,3,24,1,25,2,29,1,30,7,31,2,33,1,34,1,36,2,38,9,39,2,41,1,44,2,46,5,47,2,48,1,49,12,50,10","per1,30,1","perceive,16,1,23,1","perceived,16,5,23,1,33,1,36,1,39,1,43,1","percent,16,16,18,2,19,3,20,5,24,2,25,9,28,1,26,7,29,1,32,3,34,3,37,2,38,2,40,4,41,1,42,2,46,6,48,1","percentage,16,4,17,3,19,1,22,1,30,2,35,2,38,2","percentages,30,1,38,1","perception,16,1,26,1,30,1,38,1","perceptions,23,1","perfect,46,2","perfectly,22,1","perform,23,1,45,5,48,1","performance,16,1,18,1,22,2,23,8,25,4,28,6,26,2,29,1,34,1,36,2,37,4,39,2,40,4,41,2,45,1,48,2","performances,16,1","performed,16,3,18,1,21,1,22,4,23,1,24,2,25,2,32,2,34,2,43,1,44,1,45,3,46,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","performing,23,1,45,2","performs,23,1,37,1,40,1","perfromance,46,1","perhaps,19,1","perimeter,43,1","period,16,2,18,3,20,1,21,1,23,1,25,3,26,1,29,1,30,1,34,2,35,1,36,1,37,5,38,1,39,2,40,5,41,5,44,2,45,2,46,9,47,2,48,5,49,5,50,1","periodic,30,1,38,1,48,1","periodically,28,2","periods,16,9,18,4,35,1,46,1","peripheral,18,1,29,1","permanent,16,2,24,1,25,5,29,5,32,1,37,1,42,1","permanently,16,3","permeabilities,24,2,27,1","permeability,20,1,21,1,24,10,32,7,49,2","permeate,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","permian,20,1,21,1","permit,23,1,26,1","permits,17,1","permitted,20,1,21,1,24,1,26,2,32,1,46,1","permitting,31,1,33,1","perpendicular,24,6,32,4","perpetrated,23,1","pers,16,3","person,18,6,20,1,21,1,23,7,24,1,32,1,42,1","personal,7,6,11,1,16,3,18,20,20,4,24,4,25,1,28,1,26,3,30,2,32,4,36,1,38,1,39,1,43,4,44,3,47,3,49,1,50,3","personality,16,1","personally,16,1","personnel,3,1,7,1,15,1,18,2,19,1,21,1,23,2,24,4,28,2,26,1,27,2,30,9,32,3,33,1,35,1,44,3,37,2,38,8,40,1,42,2,43,10,45,8,46,4,47,3,48,1,49,1,50,3","persons,18,3,20,2,23,2,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,34,1","perspective,16,2,23,2","pertain,15,1","pertaining,17,1,29,1,46,1","pertains,36,1,39,1","perth,16,1","pertinent,20,1,21,1","peters,19,2","peterson,36,2,39,2","petroleum,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","pf,22,10","pga,24,3,32,2,35,23","ph,13,2,15,1,20,4","phase,23,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,40,1,49,26","phases,21,2,40,1,41,1,48,1,49,2","phd,49,1","phenomena,45,1","phenomenon,19,2,44,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,49,1","philadelphia,19,2","philips,20,2,21,2,24,2,32,2","phillips,19,2,20,5,21,3,24,3,32,3","philosophy,18,1,22,1,46,1","phone,2,1,19,3,49,1","photographic,35,2,41,3,42,5,48,3","photographs,46,1","phrase,12,1","physical,18,2,24,1,25,12,27,4,29,6,32,2,33,4,34,8","physically,17,1,25,1,45,1","physics,19,1,22,1","physiological,18,21,20,1,21,1,24,2,32,2","physiologically,18,1","physiology,11,1,18,7","pick,24,2,30,2,32,2,38,3,40,1,41,1,48,1","picked,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","piece,22,2,26,2,35,1,46,1","pieces,22,1,32,1,35,1","pilaster,25,3,29,3","pile,46,1,49,56","piling,25,1","pillar,20,1,25,22,27,1,29,22,33,1,34,2,49,23","pillars,22,3,25,4,29,4,36,2,37,2,39,2,42,2,50,2","pinnacle,50,1","pins,41,1,42,1,48,1","pipe,21,2,24,1,25,1,32,1,34,1,35,2,50,1","pipeline,16,1","pipelines,24,1,32,1","pipes,24,1,32,1","pit,16,1,27,4,31,5,33,6,36,1,39,1,41,1,43,15,45,2","pitot,22,9","pits,27,2,33,2","pittsburgh,19,1,25,1,29,1,30,2,36,1,38,2,39,1","place,15,1,20,1,24,2,26,2,27,6,29,1,30,1,31,4,32,2,33,6,35,1,44,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,2,42,2,43,5,45,1,46,2,47,1,48,3,49,1,50,2","placed,15,4,16,1,19,1,20,2,22,2,24,2,25,5,27,1,29,2,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,35,4,36,1,37,5,38,1,39,1,40,2,41,4,42,7,43,1,48,5,50,3","placement,15,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,30,1,32,1,34,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,6,46,1,50,6","places,18,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,29,1,33,1","placing,15,3,23,1","plan,20,3,21,2,23,2,25,3,28,2,29,1,30,8,32,2,34,2,35,2,44,1,36,1,37,3,38,4,39,1,40,3,41,1,43,7,45,2,47,1,48,1","planar,25,2,34,1","plane,21,1","planned,16,2,20,2,23,1,25,1,29,1,30,2,34,1,38,1,41,1,48,1","planning,3,1,7,1,9,2,10,2,13,2,14,9,18,1,20,1,22,1,23,8,25,1,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,44,4,36,10,37,2,39,11,40,6,41,5,43,2,45,2,47,4,48,5,49,2,50,3","plans,20,3,23,1,44,4,38,1,43,3,45,4,47,4,49,1,50,1","plant,20,1,24,3,32,3","plants,21,1,24,1,32,1","plasterboard,25,6,29,6,34,6","plastering,25,1,29,1","plastic,20,2,21,2,24,1,25,3,32,1,34,2,35,4","plate,21,1,35,4,37,3,40,3,41,2,42,4,48,2","platform,37,2,40,2,41,2,48,2","play,26,1,34,1","pleased,16,1","ples,21,1","plot,25,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,46,2,50,1","plots,19,1,46,2,50,1","plotted,17,2,18,1,19,2,21,2,22,1,26,1,46,1","plotting,19,1,22,1,35,1","ploughs,24,1,32,1","plug,25,2,29,2,34,2,45,1","plus,20,3,25,2,26,1,29,2,44,1,43,1,47,1","ply,31,1,33,1","pm,17,10,45,9","pmax,17,20","pneumatic,19,1,21,1,35,1","po,19,1,22,1,24,1,49,1","poceedings,28,1","pockets,15,2","point,15,1,16,1,17,2,18,1,19,4,20,4,21,4,22,12,23,1,24,5,25,3,26,4,27,1,30,3,31,1,32,5,33,1,34,1,36,4,37,2,38,3,39,6,40,1,41,2,42,1,43,4,45,2,48,2,49,6,50,2","pointed,16,2,30,1,38,1","points,15,1,16,2,19,2,21,23,22,8,23,3,24,1,25,2,26,1,29,1,32,2,34,1,44,3,37,1,41,1,42,1,43,2,46,1,47,3,49,3,50,2","pol,21,1","poland,19,1,25,2,29,2,44,1,36,1,39,1,45,1,50,1","poland1,32,4","polish,28,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,44,2,43,2,45,3,47,1,49,1,50,3","political,16,1,23,4","pollutants,49,1","polluting,38,1","polyethylene,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1","polymer,25,6,29,7,34,4","polynomial,18,2,21,3,22,1","polyurethane,25,1,29,1","pon,46,5","pool,16,1,44,1,47,1","poor,16,2,20,1,21,1,23,2,24,1,26,1,32,1,38,1,43,1,46,1","poorly,23,2,36,2,39,2,49,1","popular,16,2,28,2,35,1,44,1,37,2,40,1,41,2,42,2,43,1,45,1,47,1,48,2,49,1,50,1","population,16,1,18,1,23,2,46,1","pore,35,1","pores,24,1,32,1,35,2","porosity,24,1,32,1","porous,22,1","portability,35,1","portable,11,1,20,1,22,1,24,4,32,4,35,14,46,6","portal,3,1,15,1,35,1,41,1,43,19,45,6,50,16","portals,50,1","portion,16,3,35,2,49,2","portions,46,1","portman,16,1","portray,19,1","ports,22,1","pose,35,1,49,1","posed,19,1","poses,19,1,20,1,26,1","position,7,1,15,1,16,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,25,1,29,1,30,1,44,3,38,1,42,1,43,10,45,1,46,1,47,3,48,2,49,16,50,8","positioned,22,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,48,2,49,1,50,1","positioning,22,1,24,1,26,2,30,1,32,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,46,3,48,2,50,1","positions,16,2,21,1,26,1,41,2,42,2,43,5,48,3,49,1,50,5","positive,16,3,18,3,20,1,24,2,26,1,32,2,43,1","positively,23,1","posner,23,2","possess,23,1","possibilities,19,1,31,1","possibility,15,1,16,2,17,1,19,2,21,1,23,1,25,1,29,2,30,1,34,1,36,3,38,1,39,3","possible,15,2,16,2,18,10,19,2,21,4,22,3,23,1,24,5,25,6,28,3,26,1,27,1,30,2,31,3,32,4,33,2,34,4,35,3,44,14,36,11,37,1,38,2,39,12,40,3,41,1,42,2,43,6,45,2,46,6,47,14,48,2,49,7,50,4","possibly,16,1,24,1,28,2,27,1,30,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,38,1","post,11,1,15,1,17,2,19,1,23,1,27,1,29,1,44,1,43,1,45,1,46,4,47,1","postdrainage,33,1","posted,21,1","potential,16,2,17,1,18,3,19,4,20,2,21,2,23,7,24,2,25,2,28,2,26,2,27,5,29,1,30,4,31,4,32,2,33,3,34,1,44,3,36,4,38,3,39,4,41,2,43,4,45,1,46,4,47,3,48,3,49,3,50,2","potentially,19,6,24,2,26,3,30,1,32,3,38,1,43,1,46,1","pound,29,1","pounds,25,1","pour,20,2","powder,16,1,17,2,19,1,46,1","powdered,19,1","powe,46,1","power,15,15,18,6,19,6,20,1,21,7,23,3,24,1,28,1,26,5,32,1,35,1,36,13,39,15,46,2","powered,18,1,24,1,26,2,32,1","powerful,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,1,32,1","pp,15,1,16,1,17,3,18,8,19,2,20,6,21,5,22,1,24,5,25,6,28,7,26,1,29,10,30,3,32,5,34,2,35,1,44,9,37,7,38,1,40,7,41,8,42,6,43,2,45,6,46,1,47,8,48,8,49,9,50,10","pp133,41,1","ppa69,19,1","ppe,30,2,38,2","ppm,19,19,20,13,21,6,24,12,26,17,32,13,35,2,43,1,45,3,46,6,49,1","pr,37,2,40,2,42,3","practicable,16,1,31,1,33,1","practical,17,5,18,3,19,3,21,1,22,2,25,3,29,1,34,2,36,2,37,3,39,2,40,2,41,1,42,3,43,2,45,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","practically,34,2,36,1,39,1","practice,11,1,15,4,17,4,22,1,25,7,26,2,27,6,29,6,31,8,33,7,34,4,36,7,39,5,46,3","practices,18,1,24,2,25,6,26,1,27,4,29,8,30,1,31,1,32,2,33,3,34,6,36,5,37,1,38,1,39,6,40,1,41,1,42,1,46,7,48,1","practitioner,22,1","practitioners,36,1,39,1","prc,30,5,38,5","pre,15,1,18,2,21,3,24,2,25,1,27,1,29,3,32,2,33,1,34,1,44,3,43,5,45,2,46,2,47,3,49,1","precaution,20,1","precautions,17,1","precent,24,1,32,1","precise,22,1","precisely,35,1","précisément,20,1","precision,14,1,21,1,22,1","precluded,43,1","precludes,18,1","predefined,28,1","predetermined,20,1","predeveloped,39,1","predict,17,10,19,1,20,1,21,3,22,1,24,1,25,2,26,2,32,1,34,1,35,2,44,2,37,3,40,4,41,2,42,1,43,3,45,1,46,1,47,2,48,2,49,2,50,1","predicted,15,1,17,8,18,14,19,3,20,2,21,6,22,2,25,3,26,2,28,1,34,3,35,1,44,2,36,2,37,13,39,2,40,21,41,2,42,10,45,1,47,2,48,1","predicting,20,1,21,1,22,1,24,1,35,1","prediction,11,1,17,3,18,12,20,4,21,10,22,15,24,5,25,4,32,5,34,1,35,2,44,4,37,4,40,7,41,3,42,2,43,1,46,1,47,2,48,1","predictions,17,1,21,4,25,1,34,1,40,1,48,1","predictive,25,1,28,2,34,1,35,1,43,1,48,1","predicts,18,1,35,1","prédire,20,1","prédit,20,1","predominantly,27,2,33,2,36,2,39,1","predominate,49,2","prefabricated,25,2,29,2,34,1","prefer,25,2,29,2,34,1","preferable,35,1","preference,25,2,29,1,34,1","preferentially,44,1,43,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","preferred,36,1,39,1","prefers,21,1","preformed,39,1","preliminary,22,1,23,1,24,2,31,4,32,2,40,1","premining,21,1","premise,23,1","prentice,23,2","preparation,17,1,23,1,27,1,33,1,44,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,46,1,47,1","preparative,19,1","prepare,23,1","prepared,16,3,24,1,32,1,44,1,41,1,43,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,1","preparedness,11,1,43,2,49,1,50,2","preparing,17,1,43,1","preplan,44,2,43,1,47,2,49,1,50,2","preplanning,3,1,44,2,43,4,47,2,49,1,50,2","preprint,45,2","pres,48,1","prescribed,42,1,46,1","presence,15,1,19,17,20,4,21,3,23,2,24,5,26,3,32,5,35,2,44,1,36,2,37,1,39,1,40,1,42,1,43,1,46,1,47,1,50,1","present,16,3,17,1,19,5,20,2,21,2,24,3,25,3,28,1,27,2,29,3,30,2,31,5,32,3,33,7,34,1,35,3,44,2,36,9,38,2,39,9,43,3,45,3,46,2,47,2,49,4,50,9","presented,15,1,17,3,19,2,20,1,21,1,23,3,30,2,35,1,38,3,45,7,46,1","presenting,19,1","presents,16,1,19,2,27,1,30,2,31,1,33,1,44,1,38,2,43,2,45,1,46,2,47,1,49,1,50,1","preserve,20,1","press,19,1,20,1,21,2,23,2,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,34,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","pressed,23,1","pressing,35,1","pressure,13,1,14,2,16,1,17,49,18,1,19,8,20,1,21,1,22,61,24,7,25,73,26,1,28,6,27,7,29,17,30,4,31,10,32,13,33,10,34,32,35,3,44,16,36,19,37,17,38,4,39,20,40,23,41,41,42,23,43,15,45,4,46,1,47,15,48,39,49,9,50,11","pressured,16,1","pressures,15,1,17,1,22,4,25,5,30,1,31,6,33,7,34,6,44,2,38,1,43,1,45,4,47,2,49,1,50,3","prestrip,32,1","pretoria,17,1,19,2","prevail,45,1","prevailing,44,1,43,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","prevalence,46,1","prevent,20,2,23,1,25,3,27,1,29,2,31,3,33,3,34,2,35,2,36,3,39,3,46,3","prevented,16,1,26,1,45,1","preventing,20,1,25,1,29,2,31,1,36,1,39,1,43,1","prevention,17,2,19,2,20,2,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","prevents,26,1","previous,16,3,18,2,19,1,20,3,23,2,24,1,25,1,27,5,30,4,31,7,32,1,33,7,36,1,38,3,39,1,43,4,45,1,46,2,50,1","previously,18,1,19,1,23,3,25,1,28,1,30,2,31,3,33,2,34,1,36,3,38,2,39,1,43,2,46,3","price,22,1","prichard,22,1","primarily,17,1,22,2,23,1,24,1,32,1,36,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,46,1","primary,18,1,19,1,20,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,34,1,35,1,44,2,41,1,43,2,45,2,46,1,47,2,48,1,49,3,50,1","principal,19,1,21,1,25,5,34,5,43,1","principally,24,1,25,2,29,3,32,1,34,1,46,1","principals,25,1,34,1","principle,16,1,17,1,22,1,40,1","principles,22,1,25,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,45,1,48,1","print,18,1,30,1,38,1","prior,15,2,20,2,23,1,25,2,29,3,34,1,35,1,41,1,43,3,46,2,48,1,49,1","priorities,23,2,30,1","prioritised,43,1","priority,30,3,38,3,43,1,46,1,50,3","prismatic,34,1","pritchard,22,3","prl,25,1,29,1","pro,46,1","proactively,23,1,24,1,32,1","probability,16,3,17,1,19,1","probably,16,1,31,3,33,1,34,1,36,1,39,1,46,1","probe,23,1","probing,23,2","problem,15,1,16,1,18,1,22,1,23,10,24,6,26,1,28,2,30,3,32,6,36,2,38,3,39,3,41,1,43,2,45,1,48,1","problematic,31,1,33,1","problems,16,7,18,1,20,1,21,1,23,8,24,2,26,5,27,1,30,6,31,1,32,2,33,2,35,1,44,1,37,1,38,5,40,1,41,1,45,1,46,4,47,1,48,1","proc,17,3,22,2,44,4,36,6,37,3,39,6,40,2,41,3,42,1,43,3,47,4,48,1","procedure,17,2,21,2,22,2,25,1,28,1,29,1,35,3,45,1,46,1","procedures,20,8,21,3,22,2,24,1,25,2,29,1,30,1,31,1,32,2,35,1,36,5,38,1,39,5,43,2,45,2,46,6,48,1,50,2","procédures,20,1","proceed,32,1","proceeded,22,1","proceeding,16,1,25,1,29,1,30,2,38,2,49,1,50,1","proceedings,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,3,19,6,20,2,21,2,22,1,23,1,24,3,25,2,26,1,28,6,27,2,29,2,30,1,31,1,32,3,33,2,34,2,35,1,44,1,36,1,37,2,38,1,39,1,40,2,41,3,42,1,43,1,45,5,46,2,47,1,48,6,49,7,50,10","process,16,1,17,5,19,3,21,1,23,39,24,8,25,4,28,3,29,1,30,1,31,1,32,9,34,3,35,4,36,20,38,1,39,20,43,3,45,2,46,1,48,5,49,2","processed,17,1","processes,17,1,18,1,21,1,23,9,24,1,25,1,29,1,44,2,36,4,39,4,43,2,45,1,47,2,49,1,50,1","processing,17,1","prochaines,20,1","produce,19,2,20,1,21,4,23,2,24,2,25,3,32,2,34,3,44,1,36,1,39,1,47,1","produced,18,4,19,13,20,5,21,3,22,1,24,1,25,2,32,1,34,1,35,2,44,5,43,3,46,4,47,5,50,1","producer,41,1","producers,16,2,30,1,38,1","produces,21,1,23,1,44,2,43,2,47,2,49,2,50,2","producing,19,1,20,1,21,1,24,1,27,1,30,2,31,1,32,1,33,1,38,3","product,16,3,19,1,22,2,25,3,29,2,45,1","production,16,13,18,2,19,5,20,7,21,11,23,2,24,10,25,1,26,11,28,3,27,6,29,4,30,34,31,2,32,14,33,5,34,1,35,3,44,11,36,3,38,31,39,3,41,4,43,9,45,4,46,7,47,9,48,5,49,5,50,5","productions,30,2,44,1,38,2,47,1","productive,16,4,20,1,28,1,30,1,38,1,46,1","productively,46,1","productivity,7,1,16,4,18,1,20,2,24,1,28,1,27,4,31,4,32,1,33,4,36,1,39,1,46,5","productoion,30,2,38,2","products,3,1,10,8,22,2,25,14,29,21,34,7,44,10,43,12,45,5,46,2,47,9,49,7,50,10","produirait,20,1","prof,16,4,20,1","professional,16,41","professionals,16,11","professor,30,1,44,1,38,1,42,1","profile,19,1,21,1,25,2,34,1,49,2","profiles,17,1,25,4,29,2","profit,23,1","profitability,16,1,36,1,39,1,48,1","program,3,1,13,1,14,1,15,1,18,6,19,1,20,3,21,6,22,4,23,2,24,4,25,7,26,3,28,10,27,1,29,1,30,1,32,4,33,1,34,4,35,2,44,13,37,6,38,1,40,6,41,7,42,1,43,10,45,10,46,2,47,14,48,6,49,7,50,7","programme,21,1,32,1","programming,28,1","programs,18,3,28,2,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,2,50,2","progress,3,1,17,1,19,1,23,4,44,3,43,2,45,3,47,3,49,1,50,1","progressé,20,1","progresses,44,2,43,1,47,2","progression,27,1,31,1,33,1,44,4,47,2","progressions,44,2,43,1,47,1","progressively,27,2,30,1,31,2,33,2,44,1,38,1,43,2,47,1,50,1","prohibit,31,1","prohibited,36,1,39,1","prohibition,25,1,29,1","prohibits,26,1","project,3,1,8,1,16,9,17,1,20,4,21,2,23,118,24,5,25,14,28,3,29,3,30,5,32,5,34,6,44,16,37,2,38,4,40,2,41,5,42,1,43,5,45,4,46,1,47,15,48,4,49,6,50,5","projected,7,1","projects,16,3,21,1,23,16,36,3,39,3","prolong,36,1,39,1","prometheus,23,3","promise,23,1","promising,18,1","promote,16,1,18,1,23,1","promoted,44,1,47,1","promotes,23,1","promoting,44,2,43,1,47,2,49,1,50,1","promotion,17,1","promotional,16,1","prompted,22,1","pronounced,19,1,27,1,33,1,44,2,43,2,47,2,49,2,50,2","proof,25,1,29,1,34,1","propagate,19,6","propagating,19,6","propagation,19,6,44,1,47,1","propane,25,1,34,1","propensities,17,1","propensity,17,5,25,1,27,1,29,1,31,3,33,3,34,1","propensive,31,1,33,1","proper,22,1,25,2,34,1,39,1,41,2,42,3,45,1,48,2","properly,36,1,39,1","properties,19,1,20,2,21,1,24,2,25,4,29,4,32,1,34,3,35,2","property,23,1,49,1","proportion,16,4,20,1,23,1,24,2,32,3","proportional,20,1","proportionately,38,1","proposal,23,2","proposed,16,1,18,6,19,1,21,1,22,8,23,4,24,1,28,1,30,1,31,1,32,1,34,1,35,1,36,7,37,1,39,8,40,1,41,2,42,3,43,1,48,2","proprietary,25,1,28,5,29,1,34,2","pros,48,1","prospect,25,2,29,1","prospective,16,4","prospects,16,1","prosser,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","protal,43,1","protect,20,2,24,1,32,2","protected,24,1,46,1","protection,19,4,20,3,24,2,26,3,32,2,44,1,46,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","protective,16,1,20,3,24,3,25,1,26,1,30,1,32,3,38,1","proteins,20,1,21,1","protocol,18,1,28,2,37,1,40,1","prototype,18,1,34,2,36,1,39,1","prototypes,25,1","prove,34,1,45,2","proved,20,3,25,1,34,1","proven,18,1,20,1","provenance,20,1","provide,15,2,16,4,17,2,18,4,19,1,20,1,21,2,22,1,23,3,25,7,26,1,28,7,27,2,29,1,31,6,33,5,34,3,35,1,36,5,37,4,38,1,39,4,40,4,41,5,42,2,43,1,46,1,48,7,49,1","provided,16,1,17,1,18,2,20,2,21,2,22,6,24,3,25,4,26,1,28,1,27,2,29,1,30,1,31,3,32,3,33,4,34,3,44,1,36,2,37,1,38,1,39,2,40,1,43,1,45,1,46,3,47,1","providers,43,1","provides,3,1,7,1,16,2,17,2,20,1,21,2,23,2,24,1,25,1,28,3,27,1,31,2,33,2,34,1,35,1,44,1,36,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,3,43,1,45,1,47,1,48,1,49,2,50,2","providing,16,4,23,2,24,1,25,5,28,4,27,3,29,5,31,2,32,1,33,3,34,5,35,2,44,1,36,2,39,2,40,1,41,1,43,2,45,1,47,1,48,1","provision,15,2,23,2,24,1,32,1,43,2","provisions,15,1,25,1,29,1,34,1","proximate,19,3","proximity,16,2","prrevention,17,1","ps,37,3,40,6,42,11","pseudo,28,1,44,1,43,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","psi,25,6,29,6,34,6","psychological,18,4","psychologists,23,1","psychology,23,5","psychrometric,18,1,28,1","pto,20,1,32,1","pton,24,1","pty,1,1,5,1,8,1,10,1,20,1,21,1,23,2,25,1,49,3","pub,26,1,28,1,27,1,29,1","publication,15,1,36,1,39,1","publications,19,1,30,1,45,1","publicly,24,1","published,11,11,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,2,19,2,20,3,21,1,22,2,23,1,24,1,25,2,26,1,28,1,27,1,29,2,30,4,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,2,35,1,44,1,36,1,37,1,38,3,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,1","publishers,22,1","publishing,17,1,23,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","pullout,25,1,34,1","pulse,25,3,34,1","pulsing,30,1,38,1","pulverised,19,1,35,1","pulveriser,35,7","pulverising,17,2,35,4","pump,17,1,20,1,21,1,24,4,26,1,32,4,35,9","pumping,24,1,32,1","purchase,36,1,39,1","purchased,43,2,50,3","purchasing,23,1","pure,17,9,31,1,33,1","purely,16,1,22,1","purged,35,1","purpose,21,2,23,10,25,7,26,1,28,2,27,1,29,7,31,2,33,1,34,4,35,1,44,1,36,1,37,2,40,1,41,2,42,2,43,2,45,3,47,1,48,2","purposes,15,2,18,1,22,1,23,1,25,2,28,3,27,1,29,2,31,1,33,1,34,1,44,1,41,1,43,2,47,1,48,1,49,4,50,1","pursue,16,2","pursued,25,1,29,1","pursuing,16,1","push,26,1","pushed,45,1","puts,43,1,50,1","pwn,45,1","pyrite,17,45,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","pyriter7,17,12","pyro,24,1,32,1","pyrolysis,24,1,32,1,49,3","pyrrhotite,17,4","q0,22,7","q1,22,2","q2,22,2,42,2","qab,22,1","qb,41,1,48,1","qb80,41,1,48,1","qco,36,1,39,1","qdme,25,2,29,2","qg,46,4","qi,22,2","ql,37,3,40,3,42,3","qld,2,1,18,1,20,1,21,2,22,2,24,1,27,5,34,3,49,18,50,9","qldmih,24,4,25,4,30,4,31,4,36,4,37,4,41,4,43,4","qm,37,4,40,4,42,5","qmi,36,4","qmihs,31,4","qo,22,4","qu,20,1","quadratic,21,5","qualification,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","qualifications,42,1","qualitative,25,1,45,1","qualities,50,1","quality,16,10,22,4,23,1,24,2,25,3,28,2,29,3,31,2,32,2,34,3,36,1,39,1,41,1,46,1,48,2,50,6","quantifiable,16,1,38,1","quantification,16,1,18,1,28,1,37,1,40,1,42,2","quantified,31,1,37,3,40,3,42,3","quantify,16,3,24,1,30,2,31,1,32,1,35,1,37,4,38,2,40,4,41,2,42,4,48,1","quantitative,17,2,20,1,50,1","quantitatively,45,1","quantité,20,1","quantités,20,1","quantities,15,2,19,5,20,4,21,4,22,1,24,4,25,1,27,3,29,1,30,3,31,5,32,4,33,6,34,1,35,3,36,2,37,3,38,5,39,2,40,9,41,2,46,5,48,5,49,1","quantity,13,1,14,1,15,2,19,1,20,1,22,30,24,1,25,1,26,9,28,12,27,2,29,1,30,11,31,3,32,1,33,3,34,1,35,3,44,1,36,4,37,38,38,7,39,5,40,45,41,31,42,41,43,6,46,8,47,1,48,31","quarterly,23,1","quasi,49,1","que,20,2","quebec,21,1,24,1,32,1","queensland,9,1,10,1,15,12,16,14,17,3,18,6,19,9,20,10,21,13,22,2,23,7,24,12,25,16,26,11,28,4,27,3,29,14,30,7,31,8,32,12,33,9,34,12,35,6,44,5,36,5,37,4,38,5,39,4,40,3,41,8,42,4,43,15,45,1,46,3,47,4,48,7,49,6,50,12","question,16,20,18,2,19,2,23,1,25,1,28,1,30,1,44,2,38,2,43,1,45,1,47,2","questioned,25,1,34,1","questioning,28,1","questionnaire,16,3,25,2,29,5,30,7,34,1,38,5","questionnaires,16,1","questions,5,1,16,11,23,5,25,1,26,1,29,5,30,2,38,1,42,1,50,1","quick,15,1,24,1,35,2,48,1","quicker,44,1,47,1","quickly,3,1,15,1,20,1,24,2,25,1,32,2,34,1,35,2,44,1,43,4,46,1,47,1,49,3,50,2","quieries,5,1","quite,16,2,17,1,25,1,34,1","quoted,22,1","qut,23,1","qx,46,2","r1,44,4,47,4","r2,18,7,22,14,44,3,37,2,40,2,41,12,42,12,46,9,47,4,48,12","r3,44,4,47,4","r4,44,4,47,4","r70,49,1","rabbits,20,1","racal,24,4,26,11,32,5","radi,21,1","radial,21,4","radiant,18,2","radiation,18,1","radical,19,23","radicals,19,17","rails,37,1,42,1","raise,15,1,19,6,23,1,26,3,27,1,31,1,33,1,41,1,43,1,50,1","raisebore,26,1,27,6,31,11,33,11,44,1,36,1,39,1,47,1","raisebores,27,1,31,1,33,1,36,4,39,4","raiseboring,36,1,39,1","raised,16,3,24,1,26,1,32,1,44,1,43,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","raises,21,1,26,2,27,2,31,2,33,2,41,2,48,1","raj,30,1,38,1","ramani,25,1,28,1,29,1,30,1,34,1,36,1,38,2,39,1,42,1","ramifications,16,1","ran,20,1,50,1","randolph,23,2","range,11,1,15,1,17,5,18,6,19,5,20,3,21,1,23,3,24,2,25,3,26,1,29,6,30,5,32,1,34,3,35,2,44,1,36,1,38,4,39,1,42,1,43,1,47,1,49,1,50,4","ranged,16,1,17,1,46,3","ranges,19,1,46,1","ranging,25,1,29,1,30,1,34,1,37,1,38,2,40,1,42,1,46,2","rank,30,2","ranked,30,1,38,2","ranking,30,2,38,2","ranks,31,1","rapid,19,1,49,4","rapidly,20,1,22,1,25,1,29,1,44,1,36,1,39,2,47,1,49,2","rapport,23,2","rar,41,20,48,11","rare,20,1,21,1,24,1,26,1,32,1","rarely,37,1,40,1,41,1,46,2,48,1","rars,41,2,48,2","rate,16,10,17,25,18,43,19,6,20,7,21,1,22,3,24,6,25,2,26,2,28,1,29,1,30,8,32,6,34,1,35,2,44,7,36,2,38,6,39,2,43,2,45,1,46,1,47,7,49,17,50,2","rated,18,1,24,1,27,2,31,1,32,1,33,2,46,1","rates,16,27,17,2,18,9,19,2,20,3,21,4,24,4,25,1,26,3,27,1,30,6,31,1,32,4,34,2,44,1,36,1,38,6,39,1,43,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,50,2","rather,16,2,17,1,20,2,21,2,23,1,24,2,25,2,26,2,28,1,32,2,34,2","rating,19,1,25,8,29,12,34,7","ratings,15,1,25,3,29,2,34,2","ratio,15,1,19,1,20,1,21,4,22,7,24,1,32,1,36,2,37,2,39,2,40,2,41,2,42,2,43,1,45,1,48,2","ration,38,1","rational,21,2","ratios,15,1,22,3","rats,20,2","rattachant,20,1","ravenscroft,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","raw,19,2,21,1","ray,17,2","rb,45,7","rc,25,1,29,1,34,1,45,1","rd,17,1,22,7","rdoor,41,2,42,2,48,2","re0,22,1","reach,17,1,23,1,25,1,29,1,35,1,46,1,49,3","reached,17,2,20,1,24,1,26,2,32,1,34,1,45,2,46,2,49,12","reaches,25,2,29,1,34,1,44,1,43,1,47,1,49,3","reaching,21,1,22,1,23,1,26,1,35,1,49,3","react,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","reaction,17,1,18,1,19,6,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,1,32,1,35,1,49,1,50,1","reactions,18,3,19,6,20,2,25,2","reactive,19,1,20,3,21,2,24,2,32,2,35,1,49,4","reactivity,17,1,49,3","reacts,35,1","read,24,2,25,1,28,2,29,1,32,1,35,1","reader,19,1,30,1,44,1,42,1","readily,15,1,19,2,20,1,23,1,24,1,25,1,29,1,31,1,32,1,49,1","reading,20,1,22,1,23,1,24,1,32,1,35,1,41,1","readings,18,1,19,2,22,2,28,8,30,2,35,4,37,3,38,3,40,3,41,3,45,9,46,3,48,3","reads,35,2","ready,40,1,41,1,43,1,49,1,50,1","real,3,1,7,2,11,5,13,1,14,2,17,1,19,3,28,44,31,1,34,1,44,2,36,4,37,34,39,4,40,52,41,57,42,4,43,2,45,7,47,3,48,61,49,5,50,2","realistic,21,2,44,2,37,1,40,1,47,2,49,1","reality,25,1,36,1,39,1,43,2","reallocation,28,1","really,21,1,25,1,34,1","realtime,44,1,37,4,40,6,41,4,43,1","reanalyzed,38,2","rearrangement,46,1","rearranging,42,1,46,1","reason,17,1,25,1,27,1,30,2,34,1,44,1,38,2,41,1,42,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","reasonable,20,2,21,6,25,1,37,2,40,3,42,1,43,1,46,4,47,1","reasonably,16,2,21,1,25,1,46,2","reasons,15,1,16,4,19,1,27,2,30,2,31,3,33,3,35,1,36,4,37,2,38,2,39,4,40,2,41,1,42,2,45,1,48,1","recalculate,28,1,41,1,48,1","recalculated,40,1,42,1","recalculates,37,1,40,1,42,1","recalibration,41,1","recall,23,1","recalled,44,1,43,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","received,16,1","receives,49,1","receiving,20,1,49,1","récemment,20,1","recent,7,1,16,5,18,1,19,1,21,1,22,1,24,1,25,3,26,1,29,2,30,4,31,2,32,1,33,2,34,2,35,1,44,1,36,3,38,3,39,3,41,1,43,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,3","recently,16,2,18,1,20,1,21,1,25,2,29,2,30,2,31,1,35,2,44,2,36,2,38,1,39,2,43,1,45,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","rechargeable,35,1","recherche,20,1","recirculation,18,1,25,1,34,1,35,2,44,1,36,3,39,3,43,3,46,1,47,2,49,1,50,1","recognised,16,1,21,1,25,3,28,1,29,1,30,2,34,1,41,2,48,2,49,2,50,2","recognition,23,1,43,1","recognize,44,1,47,1","recognized,44,1,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,43,1,46,1","recommedations,30,1,38,1","recommend,30,1,46,1","recommendation,15,1,38,1","recommendations,15,1,16,1,18,1,19,1,21,1,23,2,26,1,28,1,44,2,38,2,41,1,43,3,45,2,46,1,47,2,48,1","recommended,17,1,21,1,23,4,24,1,25,4,26,4,29,4,30,1,32,1,34,3,38,1","recommends,19,4","reconstruct,45,2","record,16,1,18,1,20,1,23,1,24,2,30,2,32,2,38,2,46,3","recorded,16,3,18,1,19,1,20,5,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,2,26,1,28,1,30,1,32,2,45,1,46,1","recorder,18,2","recording,22,3,32,1,46,1","records,23,1,26,1,29,1,35,1,44,1,46,1,47,1","recover,16,1,34,1","recovery,24,1,32,1,44,1,36,1,39,3,43,1,47,1,49,2,50,5","recreation,16,1","recreational,16,2","rectal,18,4","rectangular,37,3,40,3,41,2,42,4,48,1","rectified,28,1,30,1,37,2,38,1,40,2,41,2,48,2","rectify,30,1,38,1","rectifying,36,1,39,1","red,16,2","redbank,17,1,19,1","redesign,38,2","redirect,44,1,47,1","redistribution,18,2","redistributions,44,1,47,1","reduce,15,1,16,2,17,1,18,3,19,5,20,6,21,2,23,1,24,4,25,2,26,4,27,2,29,1,30,3,31,2,32,5,33,3,44,2,36,2,38,4,40,1,41,1,43,12,46,1,47,2,48,1,50,7","reduced,16,7,17,1,19,5,20,5,24,1,25,2,26,2,30,1,32,1,34,2,44,4,36,2,38,1,39,2,43,14,45,1,46,6,47,4,49,2,50,3","reduces,19,1,21,1,26,2,35,2,39,1,46,2","reducing,19,5,20,4,23,1,24,1,25,1,27,1,30,2,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,44,1,38,1,43,4,46,2,47,1,50,2","reduction,16,1,18,1,19,5,20,7,21,2,24,3,27,1,30,5,31,1,32,3,44,7,36,1,38,6,39,1,43,8,45,1,46,3,47,5,49,3,50,1","réduction,20,1","reductions,19,1,44,1,43,1,47,1,49,2,50,1","reece,11,1,43,1,49,1,50,1","reece3,43,1","reeh,19,2","reenforced,25,1","reentry,46,8","reexamined,40,2","reexamining,38,2","reference,22,1,44,1,36,1,39,1,47,1","referenced,20,1,22,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1","references,15,1,16,1,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,2,24,1,25,1,26,1,27,1,29,1,30,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,35,2,44,1,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,43,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","referred,18,1,19,1,23,1,25,1,29,1","referring,19,1","refers,15,1","refine,36,2,39,1","refined,19,1,28,1","refinement,28,1","reflect,17,2,18,1,40,1","reflecting,18,1,48,1","reflections,25,1","reflects,18,1","refresh,28,1,43,1","refrigeration,18,2","refuge,43,11","refurbished,41,1","reg,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","regard,17,1,19,2,23,1,25,1,29,1","regarded,30,2,38,2,49,1","regarding,23,4,50,1","regardless,30,2,38,2,46,2","regards,16,1","regime,46,1","region,19,11,25,2,34,1,36,1,39,1,49,1","regional,16,6","regions,16,1,19,3,25,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,34,1","regression,21,4","regular,19,1,20,1,21,3,24,1,28,1,32,1","regularly,21,3,43,1,50,1","regulate,35,1","regulated,15,1","regulation,36,2,39,2,41,1,42,1,48,1","regulations,15,1,18,2,19,4,25,10,26,1,27,3,29,8,30,1,33,3,34,7,38,1","regulator,28,2,35,2,37,63,40,71,41,82,42,119,45,1,46,5,48,65,50,1","regulators,11,3,25,1,28,1,29,1,34,1,36,3,37,24,39,3,40,21,41,36,42,39,46,3,48,37","regulatory,25,2,29,3,34,2,36,3,39,3","reinforced,25,25,29,14,34,22","reinforcement,25,6,34,4","reinforcing,25,1,34,1","rejected,21,1","relate,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,48,1","related,9,1,10,1,14,1,16,2,18,1,19,1,23,3,24,2,28,1,27,2,30,5,32,2,33,2,35,1,44,1,36,2,37,1,38,5,39,3,42,1,47,1","relates,23,3","relating,23,1","relation,16,1,17,1,23,1,25,1,30,1,34,1,37,1,38,1,40,2,41,1,42,1,45,1,48,1","relations,23,2,45,1","relationship,16,1,17,2,18,3,19,4,22,4,23,4,25,1,26,1,29,3,30,1,44,1,36,1,37,8,38,1,39,2,40,6,41,13,42,21,46,12,47,1,48,13,50,1","relationships,16,2,17,3,22,9,23,1,29,1,44,1,36,3,37,3,39,3,40,3,41,6,42,7,45,1,46,3,47,1,48,5","relative,15,2,17,10,18,3,21,1,23,1,25,1,29,1,30,1,38,2,43,1,46,3,49,1,50,1","relatively,16,4,21,3,23,2,24,1,25,2,29,1,30,4,32,1,34,2,38,4,43,1,46,4,49,2,50,1","release,11,1,15,1,17,1,20,13,21,5,24,5,26,2,32,4,35,6","released,16,1,19,1,20,11,21,3,24,7,26,1,32,7,35,4,46,1","releases,46,1","relevance,25,1,29,1,46,1","relevant,16,3,17,1,18,2,23,1,29,1,30,1,44,1,38,1,43,1,45,1,47,1","reliability,17,2,20,1,21,2,22,2,24,1,32,1,35,1","reliable,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,3,24,1,25,2,32,1,34,2,36,2,37,1,39,2,40,2,42,3,46,2","reliably,25,1,34,1,49,1,50,1","reliance,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","relief,35,1","relies,25,2,34,1,44,1,49,1","relocatable,22,1","relocate,31,1","relocated,20,1","rely,21,1,25,1,34,1,35,1,46,2","relying,22,2,40,1","rem,37,2,40,1,42,2","remain,16,1,18,1,25,4,27,1,29,3,34,2,35,1,44,1,42,1,43,2,45,1,46,2,47,1,49,1,50,1","remainder,16,1,23,2,46,2","remained,20,1,30,1,38,1,40,1,42,1","remaining,23,1,25,1,27,1,31,2,33,1,34,1,35,1","remains,20,2,21,1,24,1,32,1,34,1,35,1,46,2,49,6","remarkable,45,1","remarks,41,1","remedial,49,4","remediation,30,1,38,2","remodel,28,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","remote,16,4,20,1,24,3,25,1,26,7,28,2,29,1,30,1,32,3,37,1,40,1,41,17,42,3,43,1,48,21,50,1","remotely,38,1,42,1,46,1","removable,35,1","removal,20,3,23,1,24,3,27,1,31,1,32,3,33,1,46,1","remove,19,2,24,1,26,1,31,2,32,1,33,2","removed,24,1,25,1,29,1,32,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,2,41,1,43,1","removes,27,1,31,1,33,1","removing,20,1,31,1,33,1,39,1,40,1,42,1","remuneration,16,1","rencontrées,20,1","rend,20,1","renders,21,1","reno,44,1,46,1,47,1","rensburg,18,2","rent,16,1","reorientation,27,1,33,1","repeat,46,1","repeatability,17,1,19,1,22,1,41,1,48,1","repeatable,25,1,34,1","repeated,22,2,36,1,39,1,46,2","repeatedly,17,1","repeatibility,17,1","repeating,21,1","replace,20,1,25,1,29,1,35,1,39,1,41,2,42,1,48,2","replaced,19,1,20,1,31,1,33,1,44,1,36,1,39,1,47,1","replacement,46,1","replaces,19,1","replicate,43,1","replied,16,5","replies,16,1","replying,16,4","report,15,3,18,2,19,6,20,5,21,8,22,1,23,1,24,4,26,2,28,3,29,1,30,1,32,4,35,4,44,2,37,3,38,1,40,3,41,4,43,2,45,1,47,2,48,4,49,2,50,2","reported,17,1,18,1,19,4,20,1,34,1,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,1,45,1,48,1,49,1","reporting,23,8,37,2,40,2,41,1,48,1","reports,7,1,19,1,20,1,45,1","represent,17,3,19,2,21,4,22,1,24,2,25,1,26,6,27,1,31,1,32,3,33,1,34,1,44,1,43,1,46,5,47,1,49,2,50,1","representation,3,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,44,1,43,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","representative,16,1,18,1,19,1,20,2,21,3,22,2,24,2,28,1,32,2,35,1,37,1,40,2,41,2,48,1,49,1","representatives,23,5,30,1","represented,21,1,22,2,23,1,25,1,26,1,34,1","representing,18,1,19,1,22,2,23,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,45,1,46,2,48,1","represents,17,1,19,2,21,1,22,3,25,2,36,2,39,3,40,1,45,4,46,1,49,1","reproduced,25,1","reproducible,25,1,34,1","reprogrammed,28,2","republic,36,1,39,1","request,28,1","requested,28,1","require,16,2,18,2,19,1,22,1,25,1,28,2,39,1,40,1,43,1,49,1,50,1","required,15,7,16,5,17,4,18,2,19,6,20,2,22,9,23,6,24,4,25,8,26,1,28,6,27,1,29,3,30,3,31,1,32,3,33,1,34,4,35,1,44,4,36,8,37,5,38,4,39,10,40,1,41,6,42,8,43,4,45,1,46,4,47,4,48,9,49,3,50,3","requirement,15,2,17,1,25,1,28,1,31,2,33,2,34,1,36,3,39,3,48,1,49,1","requirements,3,2,15,9,16,1,18,3,23,3,25,4,28,2,29,2,30,3,31,2,33,1,34,4,35,1,36,9,38,3,39,10,41,2,42,1,43,4,46,7,48,4,50,5","requires,3,1,15,1,17,2,19,1,20,1,21,1,25,1,27,1,31,1,33,2,34,1,35,2,44,3,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,3,47,3,49,1,50,2","requiring,28,2,27,1,33,1,37,1,40,1,48,1","rescue,20,1,21,1,24,1,28,1,32,1,44,6,43,11,45,6,47,6,49,1,50,4","research,11,5,13,2,16,1,17,4,19,13,20,9,21,5,22,1,23,67,24,5,25,20,26,2,28,15,27,1,29,9,30,10,31,1,32,5,33,1,34,13,44,8,36,3,37,3,38,16,39,3,40,3,41,3,42,4,43,5,45,1,46,6,47,7,48,3,49,4,50,3","researched,18,1","researchers,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,23,14","resent,20,1","resented,16,1","reserve,16,1","reserves,16,4,20,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,35,1","reservoirs,25,1,29,1,31,1,33,1","reshape,23,1","residence,20,1","residual,35,3","resign,16,2","resimulated,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","resimulation,28,1","resist,25,3,29,1,34,2","resistance,15,1,22,21,24,1,25,6,27,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,10,44,6,36,12,37,23,39,12,40,25,41,27,42,48,43,2,45,6,47,6,48,24,49,2,50,8","resistances,22,3,24,1,27,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,44,1,37,1,40,2,41,1,42,3,45,2,47,1,48,1,50,1","resistant,25,2,29,2,45,1","resisted,23,1,25,1,34,2","resisting,25,1,34,1","resolution,22,1","resolve,23,1","resolved,23,1,43,1","resort,16,1","resource,8,1,16,1,23,5,36,1,39,1","resourced,43,1","resources,16,1,21,1,23,5,25,1,29,1,43,3,46,1,50,1","resourcing,23,1","respect,18,1,19,3,28,1,31,1,34,1,44,2,36,2,39,1,43,1,47,2,48,2,49,1,50,1","respective,17,1,19,2,43,2","respectively,15,1,16,2,17,5,21,1,24,1,43,1,45,1,46,2,50,1","respirable,3,1,7,5,9,1,10,1,14,1,24,1,27,3,30,42,31,2,32,1,33,2,36,1,38,40,39,1","respiration,18,1","respirator,26,6,32,1","respirators,11,1,26,5,30,1","respiratory,18,1,20,1,21,1,24,2,26,3,32,3","respond,16,2,25,1,34,1,43,2","responded,16,13,23,1,25,2,29,2,34,1","respondent,16,2","respondents,16,14,25,1,29,1","responding,25,1,29,1,34,1","response,7,1,11,1,16,5,18,16,25,11,34,5,44,3,43,9,45,1,47,3","responses,16,14,18,1,25,3,29,2,34,2,44,3,43,2,45,1,47,3,49,1","responsibilities,23,9","responsibility,23,1","responsible,16,1,23,1","rest,18,2,25,2,29,4,30,1,34,2,38,1,45,1","resting,18,3","restrained,25,1","restraint,25,2,34,1","restricted,15,1,23,1,27,2,30,1,31,2,33,2,38,1,39,1,43,1,49,1","restricting,30,4,38,3","restriction,15,1,25,1,36,3,39,2","restrictions,36,4,39,1","restricts,15,1,50,1","result,16,2,18,2,19,11,20,1,21,4,22,3,23,1,24,1,25,4,26,1,28,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,34,2,44,2,36,4,37,3,38,1,39,4,40,2,41,2,42,2,43,2,45,1,47,3,48,1,49,1,50,1","resultant,28,1,36,1,39,1,41,1,48,1","resulted,16,1,23,1,25,2,29,1,34,1,46,1","resulting,16,1,17,1,19,5,21,1,22,5,24,1,25,1,27,1,32,1,35,1,44,2,36,1,39,2,43,3,46,4,47,1,49,2,50,2","results,15,5,16,11,17,45,18,2,19,21,20,11,21,21,22,13,23,6,24,1,25,24,26,8,28,1,27,1,29,5,30,16,32,1,33,1,34,13,35,13,44,11,36,4,37,13,38,14,39,4,40,15,41,5,42,13,43,11,45,2,46,18,47,9,48,4,49,4,50,4","resume,46,1","résumé,20,1","retained,50,1","retaining,16,3","retard,45,1","retardant,25,1,29,1","retention,16,4,19,1","retour,20,1","retreat,24,1,25,1,28,1,27,3,29,1,31,4,32,1,33,5","retreating,27,1,31,1,33,1,45,1","retreats,25,4,27,2,29,4,31,2,33,3","retrospective,11,1,45,2","return,15,8,20,3,22,1,24,3,25,2,26,18,28,1,27,10,29,3,31,19,32,2,33,16,34,2,44,18,36,12,39,11,41,5,43,26,45,2,47,12,48,4,49,11,50,5","returned,28,1,27,3,31,6,33,6,46,2","returns,15,6,20,1,21,1,24,1,25,2,27,1,29,2,31,4,32,1,33,4,34,1,36,2,39,3,45,1,49,1","reusable,25,1,29,1","reused,15,2","revealed,16,1,17,1,19,2,20,1,25,1,34,1","reveals,21,1","revenue,31,2,36,2,39,3","revenues,36,1,39,1","reversal,44,10,43,20,45,9,47,10,49,5,50,9","reversals,44,1,43,1,45,3","reverse,44,6,43,3,45,2,47,5,49,2,50,2","reversed,26,1,27,1,33,1,44,2,43,6,45,2,47,2","reverses,50,1","reversing,45,1","review,11,1,16,1,18,1,19,1,22,3,23,3,25,3,26,1,27,10,29,2,30,2,31,1,33,4,34,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,41,2,42,1,46,2,48,2","reviewed,16,1,18,1,23,2","reviews,22,1,27,1,29,1,30,1,33,1,38,1","revised,17,1,22,2,23,1,44,1,47,1","revs,20,1","reward,23,1","rewards,23,3","rewritten,18,2","rg,24,1","rh,18,4","ri,25,1,29,4,34,2,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","rib,20,3,21,14,24,4,25,1,28,1,29,2,32,4,35,13,36,3,39,3,41,1,45,1,48,1,49,7","ribs,19,2,20,1,25,2,29,2","rich,19,24,44,2,43,1,47,2","ridden,21,1","ridge,50,1","ridged,22,1,25,1,34,1","rig,20,1,25,1,43,1","right,21,3,25,1,26,1,41,1,42,3,48,1","rigid,25,4,34,1","rigidity,25,1,34,2","rigorous,18,1,22,1,46,2","rise,15,1,17,22,18,4,19,2,25,2,34,2,35,1,44,3,43,3,46,2,47,3,49,10,50,2","rises,25,1,29,1,46,2,49,1","rising,15,1,25,1,44,1,47,1","risk,16,2,17,1,18,2,19,3,20,1,24,1,26,1,30,1,31,5,32,1,33,2,36,17,38,1,39,17,43,1,48,2","risks,24,1,32,1,36,2,39,2","rit,49,1","riverside,16,1","rl,22,7,37,8,40,10,42,9","rm,32,1","road,2,1,15,1,16,1,20,3,23,1,25,3,26,7,27,1,29,3,31,3,33,3,34,2,44,3,39,1,43,1,45,2,47,3,49,4,50,1","roads,15,2,16,1,20,3,21,1,26,2,49,2","roadway,15,5,20,4,25,1,27,21,31,18,33,22,34,1,44,11,36,7,39,8,43,12,45,2,47,7,50,7","roadways,15,4,20,1,25,1,27,11,29,1,31,12,33,11,34,1,44,10,36,18,39,17,43,14,47,10,50,6","robert,22,1","roberts,22,1","robertson,22,2","robust,21,1,28,3,36,3,37,1,39,3,40,1,41,1,42,2,46,1,48,1","robustness,38,1","roc,24,1,32,1","rock,18,2,20,1,21,2,25,1,35,1,44,4,41,1,42,1,46,2,47,4,48,1,50,1","rockbolt,46,1","rodgers,22,2","roger,50,1","rokeach,23,2","role,23,22,25,1,26,1,29,1,34,2","roles,23,13","roll,44,13,43,1,47,11,49,1,50,1","rolla,24,1,32,1,44,3,37,1,40,1,41,1,47,2,48,1,49,2,50,2","rollback,44,1,47,1","roller,41,31,42,17,48,14","rollerdoor,41,1","rolls,44,1,47,1","roof,16,3,19,1,20,1,24,1,25,22,26,4,28,1,29,4,30,5,32,1,34,12,44,8,36,1,37,1,38,6,39,1,41,1,42,1,43,2,45,1,46,1,47,8,48,1,49,2,50,2","room,18,5,25,1,29,2,34,1,43,4,49,2","rope,43,1","rosehill,23,1","ross,21,1","roster,16,26","rostered,16,6","rosters,16,13,46,1","rotate,35,1","rotated,30,1,38,1","rotates,20,1","rotating,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,3,38,1","rotation,16,3,20,1,21,1,25,1,30,1,35,2,38,1","rotometer,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1","rotten,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","rotterdam,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,1,41,2,42,1,46,1,48,2,49,1,50,3","rough,20,1","roughly,37,2,40,1,41,1,42,2,46,1","round,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,3,45,2,48,1","rounded,42,1","rounds,25,1","route,26,2,28,1","routed,36,1,39,1","routes,28,1,45,1","routine,44,1,43,2,45,1,47,1,50,2","routing,15,2","roux,19,3,22,6,36,3,37,2,39,3,40,2,41,3,42,4,48,3","rows,43,2","roxby,16,2","royal,26,1","rp,22,8","rpm,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1,43,1,50,1","rq,22,1,37,1","rq2,40,2,42,1","rr,22,7","rsquo,7,2","rt,20,1,32,1,35,1,44,3,37,9,40,11,41,25,42,36,43,3,47,3,48,27,49,3,50,3","rts,32,1","ru,24,1","rubber,35,2,37,2,42,3,45,1","rugged,35,1","rule,15,1","rules,15,2,20,1,21,1,23,3","ruling,15,1","run,20,1,26,3,44,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,43,7,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,5","runge,36,2,39,2","running,24,1,26,1,28,1,31,1,32,1,33,1,36,1,39,1,40,1,43,4,45,1,49,1","runs,23,1,27,2,31,2,33,2,35,1,44,2,41,1,42,1,43,2,47,2,48,1,50,2","rupprecht,7,1","russia,20,2,21,2,24,1,32,1","rv,25,1,29,1,34,1,38,1,42,1","ryan,20,2,21,2,24,3,32,3,35,2","ryde,44,1,47,1","rym,20,1,24,1","s2,24,1,32,2,48,1","s3,48,1","s4,48,1","s5,48,1","sa,41,19,48,10","sa50,41,3,48,3","saavedra,23,1","sacred,16,1","sacrifice,17,1","sacrificial,36,1,39,1","safe,3,1,11,2,18,21,19,1,20,3,21,1,24,11,25,3,26,17,30,2,31,1,32,14,34,1,35,3,44,3,36,1,37,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,41,2,42,2,43,3,46,6,47,3,48,2,49,1,50,3","safegas,28,2","safeguard,24,1,32,1","safely,20,1,43,1,46,1,50,1","safest,43,1","safety,15,1,16,3,17,7,19,14,20,4,21,2,24,9,25,12,26,7,28,4,29,6,30,2,31,1,32,8,34,6,35,3,44,3,36,3,37,1,38,1,39,2,41,1,43,4,45,1,46,11,47,3,48,1,49,2,50,4","said,30,1,38,1,46,1","sakai,28,1","salamon,25,2,29,2","sale,34,1,36,1","salt,20,1,21,1,36,2,39,2","sam,21,1","same,16,9,17,8,18,7,19,4,20,1,21,1,22,5,24,1,25,11,27,1,29,4,30,1,32,1,33,1,34,9,44,4,36,1,38,1,41,1,42,1,43,5,45,1,46,1,47,4,48,1,49,2,50,2","sample,7,1,17,38,19,20,20,6,21,21,23,5,24,18,32,13,35,27,38,1,45,6","sampled,17,3,21,3,30,1,35,1,38,1","sampler,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,3","samples,17,54,19,2,20,9,21,36,23,1,24,10,27,1,32,4,33,1,35,33,45,1","sampling,7,1,20,5,21,27,22,1,24,6,30,4,32,5,35,13,38,4,41,1,45,1,48,1","samplings,30,2,38,2","san,23,1,25,1,29,1","sand,25,1,29,1,43,2","sandwich,25,1,34,1","sandwiched,35,1","sapko,25,4,29,4,34,1","sapropelic,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","sartor,11,2,41,2,48,2","satisfaction,16,6","satisfactorily,31,1","satisfactory,17,1,21,1,45,1,46,2","satisfied,49,1","satisfies,18,2,36,1,39,1","satisfy,28,2,31,1,33,1,36,2,39,2,48,1","saturate,24,1","saturation,24,1,32,1","save,24,1,32,1,35,1","saved,17,1","savidis,27,2,33,2,36,1,39,1","saving,28,1,36,2,39,2,41,1,46,1,48,1","savings,26,2,36,3,39,4","saw,16,1","say,16,1,25,1,29,1,44,1,47,1","sc,13,1","sc212,24,1","sc214,24,1","sc228,24,1","sc232,24,1","sc243,24,3","scale,16,4,18,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,25,13,26,1,30,2,34,10,37,1,38,2,40,1,41,2,43,1,45,1,48,2,49,1","scaled,17,1,25,1,29,1,34,1","scaling,28,1","scarce,23,1","scarcity,23,1","scavenger,19,2","scenario,19,1,28,4,34,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,2,43,6,45,2,49,4,50,1","scenarios,3,2,28,1,27,1,31,2,33,1,44,10,37,1,40,3,43,10,45,4,47,10,49,3,50,4","schaller,27,2,33,2","schedule,16,1,23,1,24,1,31,1,32,1,46,1","schedules,16,7","scheduling,23,3","schein,23,11","schematic,15,1,25,2,26,1,28,1,34,1,35,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,45,12,48,1","schematically,28,1","scheme,36,4,46,1","scholar,42,1","schon,23,1","school,16,1,22,1","schooling,16,1","schools,31,1","schultz,29,1","schulz,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","science,17,1,22,1,23,5,34,2,44,2,46,1,47,2","sciences,20,1,21,2,23,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,44,1,45,1","scientific,20,1,21,1,22,1,24,1,32,1,35,1","scientifically,22,1","scientists,23,1","scope,23,1,25,1,28,1,30,1,36,1,38,1,39,1","scoping,30,2","scott,36,1,39,1","screen,35,1,45,1,48,1","screw,24,1,35,1","screwconveyor,32,1","scrubber,24,1,32,3,38,1","scrubbers,7,1,22,1,38,2","scrubbing,20,1,32,1","sea,28,1","seal,25,80,26,1,28,1,27,5,29,44,31,7,33,9,34,53,36,1,37,4,39,1,41,2,42,5,43,1,48,2,50,1","sealants,25,1,29,1","sealbarr,25,1,29,1","sealed,19,1,20,1,21,2,22,2,24,1,25,10,28,1,27,6,29,14,31,11,32,1,33,11,34,5,35,2,44,2,36,5,39,5,43,4,45,10,47,2,50,4","sealing,15,1,25,5,27,3,29,7,31,1,33,3,34,5,36,1,39,3,43,1,45,8","seals,11,2,20,1,25,68,27,5,29,50,31,8,33,8,34,43,36,2,39,2,43,1","seam,11,5,15,5,16,2,20,19,21,35,23,5,24,21,25,1,26,7,28,2,27,12,29,7,30,140,31,7,32,19,33,14,35,28,44,1,36,1,38,132,39,1,43,8,45,1,49,1,50,9","seams,11,2,15,1,20,1,21,4,22,3,24,4,25,1,26,3,27,3,29,1,30,4,32,6,33,3,34,1,36,1,38,9,39,1","sean,20,1","search,11,1,12,8,21,1,49,1","seated,49,1","sec,26,1,35,1","second,15,2,16,2,17,1,18,1,19,1,20,1,21,2,22,1,23,1,24,1,25,7,26,1,28,1,27,1,29,4,31,2,32,1,33,1,34,3,44,1,36,2,38,1,39,2,40,2,43,5,47,1,49,2,50,5","secondary,17,1,20,1,21,1,22,1,24,1,32,1,44,1,47,1","secondly,18,1,22,1,23,1,26,1,44,2,43,2,45,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","seconds,18,1,21,1,24,1,25,1,32,1,44,3,37,5,40,5,43,5,45,1,46,2,47,3","secs,46,2","section,5,1,16,4,19,2,22,6,23,1,24,1,25,2,26,2,28,1,27,3,29,3,30,14,31,2,32,1,33,5,34,1,35,1,44,2,36,4,38,11,39,5,41,11,42,16,43,4,47,2,48,10,50,1","sectional,21,1,22,1,35,1,36,1,37,3,39,1,40,3,41,1,42,3,48,1","sections,16,1,19,2,20,1,22,2,24,1,25,2,26,1,28,1,27,1,29,1,30,1,32,1,33,1,37,1,38,2,40,1,41,2,42,2,48,2","sector,16,1","sectors,16,1","secured,41,2,42,2,48,2","sécurité,20,1","see,14,1,20,9,21,2,23,2,25,3,28,1,34,1,40,1,43,1,45,4,49,2,50,1","seek,16,7,23,1","seeking,16,2,23,2","seeks,23,1","seemed,23,1","seemingly,17,1","seems,21,2,40,1","seen,15,2,16,3,17,1,19,1,21,4,22,2,24,1,25,1,26,4,27,1,30,3,31,4,32,1,33,3,35,3,36,17,37,3,38,3,39,19,40,5,41,4,42,5,43,2,45,5,46,2,48,4,50,1","segregate,20,1","segregated,11,1,15,20,27,1,31,1,33,1,44,1,43,1,47,1,50,2","segregating,15,1,31,1,33,1","segregation,15,19,25,2,26,2,27,1,29,2,31,1,33,1,34,2,43,3,50,13","seibtechnick,35,1","selby,36,1,39,1","select,18,4,21,2,23,2,25,2,28,1,29,2,34,1,41,1,48,1","selected,15,1,16,2,19,1,20,1,21,2,23,2,25,1,26,1,28,1,30,4,34,1,35,1,44,2,36,1,37,2,38,3,39,1,40,2,41,4,42,1,45,1,46,1,47,2,48,4,49,2,50,3","selecting,21,1,50,1","selection,21,6,25,3,26,1,27,1,29,1,30,2,32,1,33,1,34,1,36,8,38,2,39,9,41,1,43,1,46,2,48,1,50,2","selective,21,1","semi,36,1,39,1","semicircular,25,1,34,1","seminar,23,1,50,1","seminars,9,1,10,1","sen,28,1","sending,28,1","senior,16,1,18,1","sense,20,1,21,1","sensibly,29,1","sensing,24,1,32,1,37,1,40,1","sensitive,16,2,25,1,44,1,47,1","sensitivity,7,1","sensor,18,4,28,14,35,1,37,7,40,8,41,8,43,5,48,3,49,3,50,1","sensor1,48,1","sensors,14,1,20,2,24,2,25,1,28,11,29,1,30,3,32,2,34,1,35,2,44,1,37,15,38,2,40,20,41,27,42,4,43,4,47,1,48,24,49,6","sent,16,4,28,2,30,1","sep,25,1,29,1","separate,15,2,19,1,24,1,25,6,29,5,32,1,34,4,36,1,39,1","separated,15,1,36,2,39,2","separately,45,1","separating,15,1,49,2","separation,16,1,25,4,29,4,34,4","sept,36,1,39,1","september,46,1","sequence,17,2,19,1,20,1,21,1,24,2,25,1,29,1,30,1,32,2,34,1,35,1,45,1","sequences,24,1,26,2,30,1,32,1,43,1","sequoia,19,1","serial,26,2","series,16,1,17,2,18,2,19,6,20,3,21,1,22,2,23,1,24,3,25,1,26,3,29,1,31,1,32,3,44,2,36,1,39,1,41,2,42,1,43,4,46,3,47,2,48,2,49,1","serious,30,3,44,1,38,2,43,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","seriously,16,5","seriousness,35,1","seront,20,1","serve,15,1,31,1,33,1,35,1,40,1","serves,28,1","service,16,6,25,5,26,2,29,1,31,1,34,1,43,1,50,2","serviced,16,2","services,10,4,16,2,23,2,36,1,39,1,43,1,49,1","servicing,16,12,26,1","sesquicarbonate,24,1,32,2","sesquikarbonate,24,1","session,3,1,17,1,18,1,44,1,43,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","sessions,16,1,18,1","set,15,4,17,2,18,1,19,2,20,5,21,24,22,3,23,9,24,4,25,1,26,5,27,1,31,2,32,4,33,1,35,1,44,4,36,11,37,7,38,1,39,10,40,7,41,3,42,4,43,13,45,1,46,4,47,4,48,2,49,2,50,1","setpoints,28,1","sets,19,1,21,5,22,1,24,1,32,1,42,1","setting,15,4,17,1,18,1,19,1,23,1,28,1,36,1,39,1,40,1,41,3,42,1,46,1,48,5","settings,15,1,18,1,40,2,41,1,42,2,48,1","settled,38,1","setup,26,1","seven,16,1,19,1,21,2,25,7,27,1,29,11,30,3,31,1,33,1,34,5,44,1,38,4,43,1,45,1,46,8,47,1,50,1","seventeen,28,1","seventh,32,1,33,1,34,1,49,1,50,1","several,16,11,17,1,19,1,20,2,21,2,24,1,25,4,26,1,27,1,29,1,32,1,33,1,34,1,35,1,44,2,36,2,37,1,39,2,40,1,41,3,42,4,43,1,45,1,46,1,47,2,48,3","severe,17,1,20,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,34,1","severer,17,1","severity,17,1","sewer,27,2,31,1,33,2","sewik,17,1","sewn,22,1","sg,25,1,29,1,34,1","sh,30,1,38,2","shaded,19,1","shaf,50,1","shaft,14,1,15,14,20,1,22,1,27,4,31,9,33,6,44,2,36,11,37,17,39,13,40,18,41,6,43,2,45,6,47,2,48,3,49,1,50,2","shafts,14,1,27,1,31,2,33,2,44,1,36,3,39,4,43,1,45,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","shale,45,1","shall,15,1,25,2,29,2,46,1","shape,16,2,19,5,20,1,21,1,35,1,37,3,40,3,41,2,42,4,48,1","shaped,34,1","shapes,19,2","share,31,1","sharing,23,1","sharp,44,2,42,2,43,3,46,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","sharpness,26,2","she,23,2","shea,23,1","shear,24,1,25,3,32,1,34,2","shearer,20,11,24,4,26,2,30,39,32,4,38,48","shearing,24,1,32,1","shears,20,1","shedding,28,1,37,2,40,2,41,2,48,2","sheet,25,5,29,4,34,4","sheets,16,1","shell,16,2,20,2,21,1,23,1,24,3,25,7,32,3,34,5","shepard,21,4","shephard,21,1","shield,30,6,38,5,43,2,50,3","shields,30,3,38,3","shift,7,1,16,17,20,3,21,2,23,2,24,2,26,2,30,11,32,2,38,11,41,2,42,1,46,13,48,9","shifts,16,18,18,1,24,1,26,1,32,1,46,6","ship,40,1","shires,11,1,46,2","shirt,18,2","shock,19,2,22,1,37,4,40,1,41,3,42,6,48,2","shooting,28,1,41,1,48,1","short,9,1,10,1,14,1,15,1,16,4,18,1,20,2,21,1,22,1,23,1,24,3,25,2,26,4,28,1,32,4,35,1,44,1,36,1,37,1,40,1,41,2,43,3,46,2,47,1,48,2,49,1","shorter,16,1,38,1,46,5","shortly,46,1,49,1","shorts,18,2","shot,41,2,48,2","shotcrete,25,6,34,5","shotctete,25,1","should,15,1,16,1,17,2,18,6,21,4,22,1,23,9,24,1,25,19,26,9,29,16,30,1,32,1,34,12,35,4,44,9,36,7,37,4,38,3,39,7,40,7,41,5,42,4,43,11,45,6,46,12,47,9,48,8,49,2,50,7","shout,1,1,2,1,3,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1","show,17,3,19,1,20,1,22,2,24,2,32,2,45,4,46,4,49,1","showed,17,1","showing,25,2,44,5,37,1,40,1,43,16,45,3,47,1,49,1","shown,15,3,16,2,17,5,19,9,20,3,21,2,22,4,24,2,25,11,26,3,28,2,27,12,29,1,30,6,31,13,32,2,33,14,34,8,35,4,44,11,37,11,38,5,40,13,41,17,42,12,43,8,45,3,46,11,47,11,48,16,49,7,50,6","shows,16,4,17,2,18,1,19,1,20,1,22,5,23,1,25,7,26,1,30,3,34,4,35,1,44,5,37,1,38,3,40,2,41,4,42,5,43,11,45,9,46,1,47,5,48,5,49,2,50,1","shrivastava,21,2","shut,43,4,49,1,50,2","shutting,43,2","shuttle,16,1,30,2","sick,16,1","side,15,2,20,2,21,2,22,1,24,2,25,16,26,4,27,1,29,3,31,1,32,3,33,1,34,4,44,2,36,1,37,3,39,1,40,2,41,5,42,8,43,3,45,2,46,1,47,2,48,5,49,11,50,2","sides,21,3,22,2,35,3,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,5,42,4,46,1,48,4","sidewall,49,1","siebtechnick,35,1","sieger,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","signal,20,1,24,1,28,1,32,1,41,1,48,1","signals,25,1,34,1","significance,19,2,21,1,23,3,25,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1,49,1","significant,16,7,17,5,19,8,20,5,21,4,22,1,23,2,24,6,25,7,26,5,28,2,27,1,29,2,30,2,31,3,32,7,33,4,34,5,35,2,44,2,36,1,37,3,38,2,39,3,40,6,41,1,42,2,43,5,46,5,47,2,48,1,49,12,50,4","significantly,15,1,16,1,17,3,19,5,22,1,23,1,24,2,25,1,26,2,28,2,29,1,30,1,31,4,32,2,33,4,34,1,35,1,38,1,43,2,46,1,49,4,50,1","signs,17,1","sigra,6,2","silica,30,2,38,2","sill,21,1","silt,36,1,39,1","silver,16,3,20,1,23,1,35,10,41,3,46,1,48,3","similar,16,3,17,5,21,1,22,1,23,4,24,1,25,6,26,1,27,2,29,3,30,3,31,3,33,3,34,2,35,1,44,1,36,1,37,1,38,2,39,1,41,4,42,5,43,2,45,2,46,5,47,1,48,4,50,1","similarities,23,1","similarity,23,1,25,1,29,1,30,2,38,2,45,1","similarly,15,2,17,2,22,1,44,1,47,1","simple,16,1,17,2,18,1,23,2,25,3,28,1,34,3,45,4,46,2,49,1,50,4","simplified,22,1,25,1,34,1,35,1,44,1,45,3,46,4,47,1,50,1","simplify,17,1,24,1,25,1,32,1,35,1","simplifying,22,1","simply,16,1,18,1,19,3,22,1,25,1,29,1,46,1","simtars,28,2,30,2,44,1,38,2,43,1,47,1","simulate,20,1,25,1,28,3,34,1,44,1,37,1,40,1,41,3,42,1,43,5,45,2,47,1,48,3,49,2,50,1","simulated,3,1,15,1,19,1,25,4,26,3,28,1,34,2,44,4,37,3,40,4,41,4,43,9,45,2,46,2,47,4,48,4,49,4,50,3","simulates,37,1,40,1,41,1,45,1,48,1","simulating,3,1,11,1,24,1,32,1,44,2,43,1,49,1,50,1","simulation,3,9,7,1,9,1,10,1,11,5,13,1,14,2,15,2,22,1,24,1,25,6,26,5,28,13,27,1,29,1,30,2,32,2,33,1,34,5,44,44,37,8,38,1,40,19,41,17,42,4,43,45,45,38,46,3,47,42,48,16,49,46,50,34","simulations,14,1,15,4,25,4,26,3,28,2,34,4,44,2,36,1,37,3,39,1,40,3,41,3,42,1,43,5,45,1,47,2,48,2,50,4","simulator,28,1,44,4,47,4,49,1,50,1","simultaneously,19,1,25,1,28,1,35,1,46,1,48,1","since,15,2,16,6,17,1,18,1,21,1,22,1,24,1,25,4,29,1,30,1,34,2,35,1,37,10,38,1,40,11,41,6,42,9,43,1,45,2,46,1,48,2,49,1","sine,45,1","sing,26,2","single,15,1,16,3,19,2,22,3,25,1,27,4,30,1,31,4,33,4,44,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,41,1,43,2,45,1,46,1,47,1,48,1","singular,43,1","sink,31,1","sinter,16,1","sinterpolated,21,1","sio2,30,1","sir,21,1","sirocco,45,1","sit,46,1","site,1,1,2,1,3,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1,16,22,21,1,24,2,25,3,28,2,27,1,29,1,31,1,32,2,33,1,35,1,44,3,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,4,43,10,45,2,46,4,47,4,48,4,49,3,50,4","sites,16,2,27,1,30,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,38,1,50,1","situ,20,1,21,2,24,5,25,4,27,2,29,2,32,4,33,2,34,1","situated,15,1,20,1,45,3","situation,15,2,16,1,19,3,23,6,25,4,26,3,28,2,29,2,30,3,31,3,33,1,34,3,44,4,36,1,38,3,39,1,41,1,43,13,46,1,47,4,48,1,49,4,50,8","situations,18,3,22,1,28,1,30,2,44,1,36,1,38,2,39,1,40,1,43,5,46,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","siwek,17,17,19,5","six,16,6,18,4,21,1,22,1,24,1,25,3,29,3,30,11,32,1,34,2,38,9,41,1,48,1,49,1","sixth,17,1,18,1,40,1","size,16,1,17,10,18,3,19,5,20,5,21,23,22,2,24,2,25,1,32,2,35,9,44,3,37,1,38,1,40,1,41,4,42,7,43,4,45,1,46,1,47,3,48,3,49,5,50,2","sized,18,1,20,1,21,1,24,2,32,2,35,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","sizes,22,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","sizing,14,1,17,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,39,1","ski,44,3,43,1,47,3","skill,23,1","skilled,16,4,23,2","skilling,16,2","skillpro,49,2","skills,23,20","skin,18,7","slabbing,30,3,38,4","sleeved,18,1","slenderness,25,1,34,1","sliding,37,3,40,1,41,1,42,3","slight,35,1","slightly,19,2,30,1,38,1,49,3","sling,41,1,42,1,48,1","slivensky,29,2,34,1","sliz,19,2","sloping,41,1,48,1","slotted,37,1,42,1","slow,16,1,19,1","slowed,15,1,30,1,38,1","slower,20,1,24,1,25,1,32,1,34,1,44,1,47,1","slowing,24,1,32,1","slowly,16,1,17,1,24,1,25,1,32,1,44,1,47,1","small,16,6,19,5,20,1,21,3,22,2,23,1,25,1,27,5,30,1,31,8,32,1,33,7,35,2,44,4,36,1,37,2,38,1,39,1,40,1,42,2,43,3,45,2,46,3,47,4,49,3,50,1","smaller,16,2,20,1,21,1,22,1,23,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,35,1,37,1,42,1,50,1","smallest,32,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","sme,36,4,37,2,39,4,40,2,41,2,45,5,48,2","smeac,45,4","smell,20,1","smelt,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","smith,18,2,19,1,20,3,21,3,24,3,32,3","smoke,44,20,43,9,45,4,47,12,49,10,50,2","smoko,46,3","smooke,19,1","smooth,42,1,46,1","smoother,21,4","smoothest,21,1","smoothing,21,11","smother,43,1","snake,30,1","snaking,30,2,38,3","snakinge,38,1","snap,41,2,48,2","snapshot,28,1,45,4","snapshots,45,1","so2,24,1,32,1","sobservations,21,1","soc,18,3,22,3,37,2,38,1,40,2,41,2,42,2,48,2","social,16,6","socialising,16,1","societies,16,1","society,17,1,18,1,19,5,20,1,21,2,22,1,23,1,24,1,26,1,28,5,32,1,44,1,36,2,39,2,43,1,45,1,46,1,47,1,49,3,50,3","sodium,19,1,20,3,24,6,32,6,35,1","soft,16,1,25,1","software,3,2,11,1,21,1,28,24,29,1,30,2,44,14,36,1,37,11,38,1,39,1,40,11,41,9,42,3,43,14,45,13,47,16,48,8,49,14,50,11","sole,24,1,25,1,26,1,32,1,34,1","solely,16,2,40,1","solid,25,8,27,1,29,8,31,1,33,1,34,2,44,1,37,1,42,1,43,1,47,1,49,3","solubilisation,24,1,32,1","soluble,20,3,24,1,32,1","solustions,8,1","solution,18,1,20,6,22,3,23,1,24,10,28,6,27,1,31,2,32,10,33,1,35,1,36,7,37,1,39,7,40,1,43,7","solutions,18,1,22,4,23,2,24,3,28,1,31,2,32,3,33,2,36,2,39,2,46,3,48,1","solve,23,1","solvents,20,1","solving,18,1,23,4,30,1,38,1,45,1","someone,23,1","something,26,1","sometime,41,1,48,1","sometimes,21,1,36,1,39,1,42,1","somewhat,22,1,24,1,26,1,44,1,43,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","sonic,25,2,29,2,37,1,40,1","sonnel,38,1","sons,20,1,21,1,22,1,42,1","soon,16,1,20,1,31,1,33,1,35,2,41,1,43,2,46,3,50,2","sor,28,1","sorption,35,1","sosnovsky,19,2","sought,18,2,24,1,29,8,30,3,32,1,38,1","sound,21,1,36,3,39,3","source,19,6,20,4,21,2,24,7,25,2,28,3,29,2,30,8,31,1,32,7,33,1,34,2,38,8,43,5,45,2,49,1,50,1","sourced,27,1,30,4,31,2,33,2,38,4,49,2","sources,17,3,19,3,20,2,21,1,24,8,26,4,29,2,30,19,32,8,38,16,46,1,49,1","souterraines,20,1","south,9,1,10,1,15,2,17,1,18,3,19,3,20,2,21,1,22,3,24,1,25,4,28,1,27,2,29,4,30,2,31,1,33,2,34,2,35,2,36,3,37,3,38,2,39,3,40,3,41,4,42,3,43,2,45,3,46,1,48,4,49,2,50,3","southern,20,23,21,1,24,14,26,2,27,1,31,1,32,11,33,1,35,3,36,2,39,2,41,1","southland,43,1,50,1","souza,44,1,38,1,39,1,40,1,43,1,46,1,47,1,50,1","soviet,22,1","space,19,1,25,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,46,12","spaced,21,6,50,1","spacing,21,6,24,1,32,1","spalling,30,2,44,1,38,1,47,1","spalls,36,1,39,1","span,25,2,29,2","spanned,41,1,48,1","spanning,25,1,29,1","spans,25,1,34,1","spark,25,1,29,1","sparks,19,1","sparse,21,1","spatial,21,1","special,17,2,25,1,29,1,34,1,41,1,43,1,50,1","specialist,36,1,39,1","specially,50,1","species,19,3","specific,18,1,20,2,21,2,22,3,23,6,24,1,25,1,29,2,30,1,31,1,32,1,41,3,48,3,49,1,50,1","specifically,18,1,23,1,36,1,39,1","specification,25,1,29,1","specifications,22,1,25,1,29,1,36,1,39,1","specified,15,1,21,1,22,1,28,1,30,1,41,1,43,2,48,2","specify,23,1,36,1,39,1","specifying,21,2","specimens,25,2,29,1","speculate,19,1","speed,22,1,25,1,30,1,35,1,44,1,38,1,46,1,47,1","spencer,30,1,38,1","spend,16,3,46,1","spent,16,2,46,1","sphalerite,17,4","sphenopteris,20,1","sphere,17,3,19,2","spherical,21,6","spiliopoulos,11,1,23,2","spilt,49,1","spirit,23,1","spite,18,1,21,1","split,16,1,19,1,26,1,28,1,27,3,31,6,33,7,38,1,41,3,42,3,43,1,48,3","splits,28,4","splitting,42,2","spon,49,4","sponsor,23,3","sponsored,17,1,30,2,38,1","sponsoring,23,1","sponsors,23,1","spontaneous,11,1,25,3,28,2,27,7,29,5,30,2,31,14,33,11,34,2,36,5,38,1,39,5,41,1,43,1,48,1,49,33,50,5","sport,16,2","spot,41,1,46,1,48,1,49,1","spouses,16,1","spray,20,5,24,8,30,3,32,10,38,7","sprayed,24,1,25,6,29,3,32,1,34,4","spraying,30,1,38,1","sprays,7,1,20,3,24,3,30,12,32,4,44,3,38,14,47,3","spread,3,1,25,1,29,1,44,3,43,2,45,2,47,3,49,3,50,5","spreads,25,1","spreadsheet,22,1","springer,19,2,21,1","springs,20,1,21,1","square,18,1,25,1,29,1,44,2,37,6,39,2,40,6,41,3,42,8,43,2,47,2,49,2,50,2","squares,21,2","srt,44,1,47,1","ss,32,2","stabilise,16,2,50,2","stabilised,43,1,49,1,50,2","stabilising,50,2","stability,44,2,43,2,45,2,47,2,49,1,50,1","stabilize,45,1","stabilized,45,1","stable,16,1,19,1,24,1,32,1,44,1,47,1","stace,23,2","stacks,41,1,42,1,48,1","staff,5,1,16,3,17,2,19,1,23,8,43,1","staffed,20,1,21,1","stage,16,2,17,2,20,2,21,1,23,2,26,5,28,2,30,12,31,1,32,1,33,1,38,12,49,2","stages,17,2,23,1,26,2,30,1,44,1,36,3,39,3,43,2,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,4","stagnant,20,1,21,1","stagnation,44,1,47,1","stain,19,1","stainless,17,1,20,1,24,1,32,1,35,7","stakeholders,23,2","stall,36,1,39,1","stand,25,1,29,1,36,2,39,2","standard,17,9,18,1,19,15,20,1,21,3,22,1,24,2,25,3,28,2,27,1,29,3,31,1,32,2,33,1,34,1,44,2,41,1,42,1,43,2,45,1,46,3,47,2,48,1,49,1,50,1","standardisation,19,4","standardised,15,1,17,1,23,1,25,1,29,1,34,1","standards,11,1,16,2,17,3,19,21,22,1,25,6,26,2,29,6,31,1,34,5,46,5,48,1","standing,20,1,35,2,43,1","standpoint,27,1,31,1,33,1","stands,45,1","stared,45,1","start,16,4,18,1,31,1,33,1,41,1,42,1,43,5,48,1,49,2,50,4","started,17,2,26,1,44,2,43,6,45,8,47,2,49,2,50,3","starter,20,1","starting,15,1,17,1,18,1,43,2,46,1,49,1","starts,44,1,43,1,47,1","starve,43,3","starved,44,1,43,1,47,1","state,15,1,16,6,17,1,18,2,19,1,23,2,25,2,27,1,29,2,30,2,33,1,34,1,35,2,44,5,36,1,38,1,39,1,43,6,46,3,47,3,48,1,49,3,50,4","stated,16,11,17,1,22,2,26,1,43,1,45,1","statement,23,1","states,7,1,15,1,18,2,20,1,21,1,25,1,27,3,29,1,31,1,33,4,34,1,38,1,49,1,50,2","static,22,16,24,1,25,10,28,1,29,2,32,2,34,3,40,1,41,1,48,1,49,1","stating,16,1","station,3,1,17,1,19,1,22,1,24,1,25,1,28,3,30,1,32,1,44,1,37,3,38,1,40,4,41,10,43,3,45,2,47,1,48,9,50,2","stationary,30,3,38,3","stations,25,4,28,1,34,1,37,1,40,1,41,15,48,15,50,1","statistical,17,1","statistically,18,1","statistics,16,1,28,1,27,1,33,1","status,16,1,28,1,30,1,38,1,41,2,48,2","statutory,18,2,19,1,28,1,30,2,31,1,38,2,46,1,48,1","stay,16,4,26,2,44,1,47,1","ste,32,1","steadily,50,1","steady,44,3,43,3,47,1,49,1,50,1","steel,17,1,20,2,24,1,25,10,29,3,32,1,34,11,35,12,37,3,41,1,42,5,45,4,46,1,48,1","steep,46,1","steeper,49,1,50,1","stefanov,44,2,47,2,49,2,50,2","stel,20,2,21,1,24,2,26,1,32,2,35,1,46,8","stem,22,1,23,1","stemming,46,2","step,21,1,23,2,31,1,36,3,39,2,40,2,43,3,45,3,49,9","stephan,25,1,29,5,34,1","steps,22,1,23,7,28,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,48,1","stereotypical,23,1","sterilising,24,1,32,1","sterilized,36,1,39,1","stermole,36,4,39,4","steven,19,1","stewart,2,2,13,1,18,7,19,2,20,1,28,1,27,1,29,1,30,1,31,1,33,1,41,2,48,2","stiff,25,3,34,2","stiffened,37,1,42,2","stiffer,25,2,34,2","stiffness,25,8,29,1,34,6","still,20,2,21,1,24,1,26,1,30,2,32,1,37,1,38,2,40,3,41,1,42,2,43,3,45,3,46,1,49,5","stillingfleet,36,1,39,1","stipulate,36,1,39,1","stitched,22,1","stitching,22,1","sto,20,1,24,1,32,1","stockpile,49,1","stoltz,50,1","stone,22,1,25,1,29,1,30,1,38,1,45,2","stop,18,3,25,2,29,2,30,1,35,1,44,2,38,1,41,1,42,1,47,2,48,1,50,1","stope,46,3","stopes,18,1,22,1,46,1","stoppages,16,1","stopped,20,2,45,1","stopping,9,1,10,1,11,1,15,3,25,49,26,2,28,1,27,2,29,35,33,2,34,37,44,1,37,1,39,1,41,1,42,1,43,3,45,3,47,1,48,1,50,8","stoppings,11,1,15,7,19,1,25,70,26,1,27,1,29,32,31,5,33,3,34,22,44,3,36,1,37,1,39,1,43,4,47,3,49,1,50,5","storage,17,1,18,5,20,2,21,2,24,4,32,4,35,3,46,1","store,31,1","stored,18,2,35,1,41,3,48,3","straight,19,1,46,1","straightforward,21,1","strain,18,19","strains,24,1","strang,20,2,21,2,24,2,32,2","strata,20,1,21,2,24,2,25,4,29,5,31,1,32,2,33,1,44,3,43,1,47,2,49,1,50,1","strategic,22,1,23,1,25,1,34,1,40,1,41,2,48,2","strategies,3,1,18,1,23,19,30,1,44,2,38,1,41,1,43,5,45,1,47,2,48,1,49,1,50,1","strategy,18,1,23,6,36,2,39,2,45,1,46,3","stream,26,3,30,1,35,1,44,1,38,1,43,3,47,1,49,1,50,4","streams,20,1,28,1,32,1,38,1","strength,17,7,25,28,29,14,34,17","strengths,23,2,25,1,29,1,34,3","stress,9,1,10,1,18,56,25,17,29,9,34,5,43,1,48,1","stressed,23,1","stresses,25,2,34,2","stretch,25,1,34,1","stretching,22,1","strever,28,1","strict,15,1,46,1","strike,23,1,50,1","string,22,3","stringent,24,1,26,1,32,1","strip,24,1,32,1","strippings,46,1","strives,36,1,39,1","stroh,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","stroke,18,3","strong,29,1,49,1,50,1","stronger,17,1,19,1","strongest,17,1","strongly,26,1","structural,15,1,19,1,25,16,29,10,34,14","structure,18,2,19,1,23,8,25,23,27,1,29,1,31,1,33,1,34,4,35,3,44,1,38,1,41,5,42,5,43,1,45,1,47,1,48,5,49,1","structured,23,2,43,1","structures,23,4,25,16,27,2,29,3,31,3,33,4,34,5","struggles,23,1","strung,22,1","strut,25,1","strydom,18,3","stub,25,1","student,13,1,23,1,50,1","students,17,1,18,2,23,1,45,1","studie,43,1","studied,18,3,19,2,23,1,44,2,43,2,47,2","studies,8,1,11,2,15,1,16,1,17,3,18,1,19,1,21,1,22,2,23,3,24,3,28,1,27,2,31,8,32,3,33,3,44,17,36,1,38,1,43,14,45,5,47,11,49,4,50,9","study,11,1,15,7,16,8,17,10,18,4,19,2,20,7,21,9,22,2,24,13,25,8,26,1,28,3,27,24,29,6,30,13,31,26,32,13,33,29,34,4,35,1,44,8,37,3,38,8,40,3,41,4,42,4,43,9,45,18,46,19,47,8,48,4,49,8,50,6","studying,16,1","style,16,1,31,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","sub,23,3,44,2,36,7,39,7,43,2,45,1,47,1","subcommittee,45,1","subcommittees,47,1","subdivided,35,1","subdivision,23,1","subject,18,4,25,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,46,2","subjected,22,1,24,1,30,1,32,1,38,1","subjectively,25,1,29,1","subjects,18,11","submain,27,1,31,2,33,1","submains,31,1","submitted,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,3","submodels,23,1","subnetwork,45,4","subnetworks,45,1","suboptimal,36,1,39,1","subroutine,44,2,43,1,47,2,49,2,50,1","subsequent,19,1,23,1,25,1,29,1,40,1,46,2,49,1","subsequently,18,1,19,1,22,1,25,1,29,1,40,1,41,1,43,2,48,1,50,1","subset,36,1,39,1","subsidize,39,1","subsidy,16,1","substance,24,1,32,1","substances,19,1,26,2,46,1","substantial,16,2,19,1,24,1,26,2,30,1,31,2,32,1,33,2,44,2,38,3,41,1,42,1,43,3,47,2,48,1,49,6,50,3","substantially,19,2,25,2,29,1","subsurface,19,1,44,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,46,2,47,1,49,1,50,1","subtracting,35,1","success,16,2,20,2,25,1,26,1,29,1,30,1,34,1,38,1,39,1,43,2","successes,23,1","successful,16,4,20,1,23,3,25,1,28,1,29,2,36,1,43,3,50,2","successfully,21,1,25,1,44,2,43,2,47,2,49,1,50,2","successive,18,1,41,1,42,1,46,1,48,1","sucked,26,1","suction,27,1,33,1","sudden,25,1,28,2,34,1,41,2,48,2","suffered,46,1","suffering,18,2","sufficient,15,2,16,2,19,4,22,2,23,3,24,1,25,6,26,5,29,1,32,1,34,4,43,1,45,1,46,1,49,3","sufficiently,18,1,20,1,25,2,29,1,31,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,43,2,49,1","suggest,19,1,24,1,32,1","suggested,18,3,23,1,25,5,29,5,34,4,44,1,41,1,42,1,46,3,47,1,48,2","suggestions,23,1","suggests,18,2,20,1,21,1,23,1,24,1,32,1","suit,18,1","suitability,25,1,26,1,34,1","suitable,16,1,18,1,21,8,24,1,25,1,34,1,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,46,5,48,1","suitably,23,2","sulfur,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","sulfure,20,1","sulphate,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","sulphates,20,1,21,1","sulphide,9,1,10,1,11,5,15,1,17,136,20,10,21,10,23,3,24,13,26,5,32,14,35,4","sulphides,17,2,24,1,32,1","sulphur,17,12,20,5,21,5,24,9,32,9","sulphuretted,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","sulphuric,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","sum,19,1,45,1","summaries,16,1,30,1,38,1","summarised,22,2,23,2,25,1,30,1,34,1,49,1","summarises,23,1,34,2,49,1","summarized,37,4,38,1,40,3,42,2,45,1","summarizes,40,1","summary,15,1,16,4,23,2,25,2,26,2,27,1,29,2,30,2,33,1,34,1,44,7,36,1,37,3,38,2,39,1,40,3,41,2,42,1,43,9,45,2,46,2,47,5,48,2,49,1","summation,22,2,36,2,39,3","summer,18,1,41,1,48,1","summing,22,1","summit,30,1,38,1","sums,16,1","sunday,15,1,45,1","sup3,7,1","superimposed,49,1","superior,23,1,31,1","superseded,18,1","supervisor,42,1,46,1","supervisors,18,1,46,2","supplied,20,1,21,1,22,1,24,1,26,1,30,4,32,1,44,1,38,4,43,1,46,2,47,1","supplier,43,2","suppliers,43,2","supply,25,1,26,1,29,1,34,1,44,1,36,1,39,1,43,3,47,1","support,16,5,21,1,22,5,23,6,24,2,25,14,26,1,28,1,29,4,30,5,31,1,32,2,33,1,34,7,44,3,36,3,37,1,38,4,39,3,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,2,45,1,47,3,48,1,49,2,50,1","supported,22,1,23,1,24,1,28,1,27,1,32,1,33,1,45,2,49,1","supporting,24,1,25,3,32,1,34,2","supportive,16,2,23,1","supports,22,1,24,1,25,10,26,4,29,2,30,5,34,4,38,5","supposed,23,1","suppress,38,1","suppressing,20,1","suppression,3,1,19,1,30,1,44,1,38,1,43,3,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,5","sur,20,2","sured,40,2","surface,3,1,15,1,18,5,19,20,20,3,21,6,22,1,24,8,25,4,28,1,27,2,29,4,31,2,32,8,33,3,34,3,35,6,44,7,36,3,39,2,41,6,43,11,45,6,47,7,48,6,49,27,50,10","surfaces,19,4,25,1,29,1,35,1","surfactants,30,3,38,2","surfer,21,10","surge,45,1","surprisingly,21,1","surrounded,17,1","surrounding,18,4,19,1,21,1,23,1,24,2,25,1,29,1,32,2,34,1,44,3,43,3,47,3,49,1,50,2","surroundings,49,1","surveillance,30,1,38,1","survey,16,48,19,1,23,2,25,4,28,2,27,4,29,10,30,14,31,1,33,4,34,6,36,2,38,12,39,2,40,2,41,2,46,1,48,2","surveyed,16,4,25,2,29,7,30,10,34,1,38,9,46,5","surveying,27,2,31,1,33,2","surveys,13,1,14,2,16,5,23,1,24,1,25,2,28,2,29,2,30,8,32,1,38,8,46,1","survival,23,3","susceptible,25,1,29,1,34,1","suspected,41,1,42,1,43,2,48,1,50,1","suspended,19,1","suspension,22,1","sustain,16,1,19,1,24,1,32,1,44,1,47,1","sustaining,19,1","sv,24,1","svi,32,1","swallowed,18,1","swamps,20,1,21,1","swan,2,1","swann,49,2","sweat,18,2","sweating,18,1","sweeping,46,2","swing,43,1,50,3","switch,22,1,25,1,35,1","switched,26,1,32,1,46,2","switching,26,1,43,3,45,1,50,1","switzerland,17,1,19,1","sydney,23,3,27,1,30,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,44,1,36,2,38,1,39,2,47,1","sym,37,3,40,3,41,3,48,4","symbol,17,1","symbols,22,1","symmetrical,16,3,37,1,40,1,42,3","symmetrically,37,2,40,2,41,2,42,3,48,2","symmetry,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,48,1","symp,22,2,44,4,43,2,46,1,47,4","symposium,17,2,19,2,20,3,21,3,22,1,23,1,24,3,25,1,26,1,28,5,27,2,29,2,32,3,33,1,34,1,35,1,36,3,37,1,38,1,39,4,40,1,41,1,42,1,45,3,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,4,50,6","symptoms,23,1","synthetic,19,1","syringe,19,1","system,3,2,11,2,13,1,14,1,15,6,16,5,17,14,18,1,19,11,20,12,21,5,22,6,23,10,24,13,25,3,26,39,28,52,27,2,29,4,30,4,31,1,32,14,33,3,44,18,36,27,37,47,38,3,39,28,40,62,41,56,42,8,43,19,45,27,46,7,47,18,48,59,49,8,50,15","systematic,18,1","systematically,23,1,26,1","systems,11,5,15,1,16,2,17,1,19,3,22,11,23,6,24,2,25,1,26,1,28,12,27,5,29,3,30,4,31,2,32,2,33,5,35,1,44,9,36,7,37,2,38,4,39,6,40,3,41,2,42,2,43,5,45,1,46,5,47,9,48,4,49,9,50,10","t0,46,1","ta,22,1,24,1,46,19","tab,41,1,48,1","table,16,6,17,13,18,7,19,16,20,2,22,4,23,6,25,8,26,2,29,2,30,13,34,2,35,3,44,17,37,15,38,11,40,23,41,7,42,22,43,9,45,3,46,9,47,12,48,7,49,2","tables,16,2,17,3,18,1,19,1","tablet,18,1","taiheiyo,28,1","tail,46,1","tailgate,20,1,21,3,24,1,25,3,26,8,27,11,29,3,30,1,31,15,32,1,33,14,35,1,44,1,38,1,43,4,47,1,50,6","takahashi,28,1","take,16,2,18,2,21,1,22,3,23,1,25,1,27,1,30,1,33,1,34,1,35,1,44,1,37,2,38,1,40,1,42,2,43,5,45,2,47,1,49,1,50,1","taken,16,2,17,4,18,2,19,4,21,4,22,6,24,2,25,3,29,2,32,1,35,11,44,3,36,1,40,2,41,2,42,2,43,6,45,3,46,5,47,3,48,1","takes,23,1,36,1,41,1,42,1,43,1,46,1,48,2,50,1","taking,17,4,18,1,23,1,28,2,35,1,46,2","tangent,21,2","tank,24,2,32,2","tanks,24,2,32,2","tape,22,1","tapping,25,1,29,1","target,23,2","targeted,30,4,38,4,43,1","taringa,2,1,49,2","task,16,1,23,13,26,1,44,1,43,1,45,1,47,1","tasks,18,1,23,3,31,1,44,1,43,1,45,1,47,1","taxation,36,1,39,1","tci,18,6","tcl,18,3","tconnector,35,1","td,18,1","teach,45,1","teachers,16,1","teaching,13,2,44,1,45,1,47,1","team,1,1,8,1,13,9,20,1,21,1,23,28,24,1,32,1,43,4,45,3","teams,28,1,43,2,45,1,50,1","teamwork,23,2","tear,36,1,39,1","tears,22,1,46,1","technical,8,1,15,4,16,6,17,1,18,1,19,1,21,1,23,10,29,1,30,1,38,2","technically,50,1","technique,18,1,21,6,23,1,24,2,32,2,35,4,44,1,47,1","techniques,11,1,13,1,17,1,22,10,23,1,27,1,31,1,33,3,35,4,36,4,38,1,39,3,41,1,43,1,48,1,50,1","technological,44,1,43,1,45,1,47,1","technologies,30,5,36,3,38,5,39,3","technology,1,6,2,5,3,4,5,6,6,4,7,4,8,4,9,4,10,5,11,4,12,4,13,4,14,4,19,1,20,2,21,1,23,1,24,1,30,5,32,1,44,3,38,5,43,1,46,3,47,3,49,2","techology,1,1,2,1,3,1,5,1,6,1,7,1,8,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,12,1,13,1,14,1","tecrete,25,6,34,2","ted,37,2,40,2,42,2","tedious,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1","teflon,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,3","telemetric,28,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,2","telemetry,24,1,28,9,27,1,30,1,32,1,33,1,37,3,38,1,40,3,41,1,48,1","telephone,28,1","telyakovsky,22,2","temp,43,1","temperature,17,1,18,102,19,10,20,1,21,1,24,1,28,2,32,1,44,8,43,9,45,3,47,8,49,62,50,7","temperatures,18,11,19,1,22,1,44,8,43,3,46,2,47,9,49,4,50,3","temporarily,18,1","temporary,25,3,29,3,34,1,37,1,41,1,42,2,48,1","tend,16,2,17,1,23,1,25,1,44,1,40,1,41,1,47,1,48,1","tendency,17,11,44,1,41,1,43,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","tendered,45,1","tends,16,1,21,1,49,2","tensile,25,11,34,9","tension,25,4,34,2","tenth,24,1,35,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,49,1,50,2","teom,7,1","term,15,1,16,2,20,2,21,1,24,4,25,2,26,5,29,2,31,1,32,5,35,1,36,1,41,1,46,1,48,1","termed,44,1,42,1","terminal,18,1,20,1,24,1,32,1","terminated,16,1","terms,3,1,17,2,18,1,21,2,22,3,23,7,24,1,25,3,26,2,27,1,29,3,31,2,32,1,33,2,34,3,44,3,36,5,39,6,41,1,42,1,43,5,46,2,47,3,48,1,49,1,50,4","ternational,39,1","territory,16,3,23,1","test,17,15,19,7,20,12,21,5,22,3,24,2,25,87,26,11,28,1,29,4,31,3,32,2,34,44,35,16,36,1,37,4,40,5,41,5,42,10,46,29,48,5","tested,15,1,17,17,18,3,19,4,20,4,21,3,22,4,23,2,24,3,25,15,26,3,28,1,29,4,31,1,32,3,34,12,35,5,44,3,37,2,40,2,41,8,42,9,43,7,47,3,48,9,49,1,50,1","testing,3,1,9,1,10,1,11,1,17,24,18,1,19,17,20,8,21,13,22,3,24,14,25,38,26,1,28,4,29,14,30,1,32,12,34,28,35,21,44,4,37,3,38,1,40,3,41,3,43,2,45,1,46,14,47,5,48,3,49,1,50,1","tests,17,27,18,16,19,8,20,8,22,3,24,7,25,26,26,10,29,7,32,7,34,18,35,2,37,9,40,10,41,17,42,23,46,19,48,16,49,2","testsafe,25,42,29,2,34,35","text,12,1,20,1,28,3,41,2,48,2","textbook,45,1","texts,36,2,39,2","tg,24,1,25,3,29,3,30,2,32,1,38,3,41,1,49,1","thank,16,1,22,1","thanked,25,1,29,1,30,1,34,1","thanks,25,1,26,1,28,1,27,1,29,1,30,1,31,1,33,1,34,1,38,1,45,1","themes,23,1,27,1,33,1","themselves,23,1,43,1","theor,46,1","theoretical,18,2,22,1,25,1,28,1,36,1,37,2,39,1,40,2,41,5,42,5,45,1,46,9,48,6","theoretically,17,1,22,1,34,2,37,1,40,1,43,2","theorists,23,1","theory,19,1,22,2,23,3,44,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,2,43,1,45,1,46,5,47,2,48,1,49,1,50,1","thereby,19,6,21,1,23,1,43,1","therefore,16,3,17,4,18,1,19,12,21,2,22,3,23,4,24,1,25,2,26,3,30,3,34,3,44,2,37,6,38,3,40,8,41,4,42,8,43,3,45,1,46,4,47,2,48,6,49,3,50,1","thermal,16,3,18,14,24,2,32,2,41,1,48,1","thermocouple,35,1","thermodynamic,17,1","thermometer,18,8","thermoregulation,18,3","thermostatically,17,1","thesis,17,1,18,3,19,1,26,2,36,1,39,1,46,2,48,1,49,1,50,1","thevcds,34,1","thic,30,2,38,1","thick,11,1,16,1,18,1,21,1,25,9,27,1,29,1,30,68,33,1,34,6,35,1,38,64,43,1","thicker,30,5,38,4","thickest,30,1,38,1","thickness,16,1,25,5,26,1,29,2,30,11,34,5,38,13,45,1,49,1","thicknesses,27,2,30,3,33,2,38,2","thiede,20,1,21,1","things,23,1,46,1","think,23,1,43,1","thinking,23,1,26,1,31,1,36,1,39,1,43,1","thinner,30,1,38,1","thiocyanate,35,1","thiosulphate,24,2,32,2","third,16,2,19,1,23,1,26,1,30,1,44,1,38,1,43,1,47,1,49,2,50,4","thirds,30,1,38,1","thirteen,30,1,38,1","thirty,13,1,28,1","tho,32,1","thorough,16,2","those,15,1,16,4,17,6,19,9,20,3,21,4,22,1,23,9,25,1,26,1,27,1,29,1,30,4,33,1,34,3,35,3,44,3,36,4,38,7,39,5,40,1,43,4,45,2,46,3,47,3,49,6,50,3","though,20,1,25,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,44,1,43,1,46,2,47,1","thought,16,1,20,2,21,1,23,2,30,2,31,1,38,2","thoughtful,16,1","threat,19,1,44,1,43,1,45,1,47,1,49,2,50,1","threatened,45,1","three,15,4,16,2,17,7,18,2,19,16,20,2,21,5,22,3,23,1,24,1,25,11,26,9,28,1,27,2,29,11,30,16,31,5,32,2,33,2,34,8,44,2,36,3,37,3,38,16,39,3,40,6,41,2,42,2,43,6,45,6,47,2,49,5,50,1","threedimensional,34,1","threshold,16,2,20,1,21,1,24,3,26,1,32,2,46,2","throttle,44,2,43,1,47,2","throttling,22,1,44,5,43,4,47,4,49,4,50,4","through,8,1,11,3,15,9,16,1,17,5,18,2,19,5,20,11,21,13,22,10,23,10,24,14,25,12,26,20,28,11,27,10,29,13,30,4,31,16,32,15,33,17,34,6,35,7,44,16,36,7,37,32,38,6,39,11,40,31,41,27,42,42,43,14,45,3,46,8,47,16,48,26,49,6,50,5","throughout,3,1,15,1,17,1,19,2,22,2,24,1,25,3,26,1,28,1,30,1,32,1,34,2,44,2,37,2,38,1,40,2,41,3,43,2,45,2,47,2,48,3,49,2,50,2","throughput,15,1","throughs,25,2,27,4,29,1,31,5,33,4,50,5","throwing,45,1,46,1","thrust,25,3,34,1,44,1,47,1","thus,16,8,17,1,23,3,26,1,34,1,44,2,37,3,40,4,42,4,43,1,47,2","ti,42,2,46,3","tial,40,1","tic,24,1","tidal,44,1,47,1","tied,25,1,29,1,37,2,40,1,41,1,42,3,46,1,48,1","tien,24,1,25,2,29,2,32,1,36,2,37,1,39,2,40,1,41,1,48,1,49,1,50,1","ties,25,1,34,1","tightening,15,1","tiling,35,1","till,43,2,45,1,50,2","tilt,21,1","tim,18,1,30,1,34,1,46,1","time,3,1,7,2,11,6,13,1,14,2,15,3,16,22,17,6,18,28,20,4,21,1,23,17,24,6,25,7,26,11,28,45,27,1,29,7,30,2,31,3,32,5,33,2,34,3,35,17,44,8,36,7,37,38,38,1,39,9,40,60,41,63,42,5,43,26,45,10,46,43,47,9,48,67,49,18,50,6","timeframes,23,1","times,16,4,17,2,18,1,20,2,21,1,22,1,23,2,24,5,25,2,29,1,32,4,36,1,37,1,38,2,39,1,40,1,42,1,43,2,45,1,46,59,48,1,50,1","timing,45,2","timings,45,1","timothy,20,1,28,1,27,1,31,1,33,1,38,1","tin,16,2,20,3","tions,48,1","tip,15,1","tipped,15,2","tired,16,2","tiredness,16,2","title,12,1,25,1,29,1","titrated,35,1","titration,35,1","tjm,21,1,23,1","tlv,16,2,20,1,24,1,26,1,32,1,46,1","tlv12hr,46,1","tlvs,16,2","tmax,18,5","today,16,1","together,17,1,18,1,19,3,20,2,23,2,28,2,49,1","tolerance,37,2,40,2,41,1,42,2","tolerant,24,1,32,1","tolerated,24,1,32,1","tominaga,28,2","tomlinson,43,1,50,3","tonnage,30,2,38,4","tonnages,30,1,38,3","tonne,20,3,29,4,30,4,36,1,38,4,39,1","tonnes,30,7,38,7,41,1,45,1,46,2,48,1,49,1","tons,30,5,38,5,45,1","too,16,1,18,2,20,1,21,1,34,1,46,1","took,16,1,23,1,25,1,29,1,30,1,34,1,38,1,45,1","tool,11,1,21,1,25,1,29,2,31,1,40,1,41,1,43,5,45,1,46,2,48,1,49,1,50,3","tools,25,1,28,2,36,1,39,1,43,4,48,1,50,1","top,11,10,20,1,21,3,22,2,25,1,30,1,34,1,35,3,38,1,41,4,42,2,43,3,45,14,48,2,49,1,50,3","topic,23,1,28,1,39,1,46,2","torlach,16,2","toronto,20,1","torrent,17,2,19,2","toshift,48,1","total,15,14,16,4,17,1,18,2,20,3,22,10,24,2,25,1,26,7,27,3,29,2,30,11,31,4,32,2,33,2,35,3,44,3,36,6,37,7,38,9,39,6,40,8,41,10,42,12,43,1,45,1,46,3,47,3,48,10","totalling,25,1","totally,16,1,21,1,39,1","toward,19,1,23,1,49,3","towards,19,1,20,1,23,1,24,1,25,3,27,1,31,3,32,1,33,2,34,2,35,1,44,1,41,1,47,1,48,1","town,16,51,36,1,39,1","towns,16,8","township,16,5","townsvile,24,4","townsville,24,1,25,23,30,17,31,1,36,1,37,5,41,5,43,6,49,1,50,1","toxic,15,4,19,1,20,3,21,1,24,7,25,2,26,4,27,2,29,3,31,2,32,6,33,2,44,2,36,1,39,1,43,1,46,1,47,2,49,1,50,1","toxicity,20,3,21,1,24,2,32,2,35,1","toxicological,20,1","toxicology,20,1","toxigenics,20,2","traces,19,1","tracing,44,1,43,1,47,1,49,1,50,2","track,23,1,26,1,44,1,45,1,47,1","tract,20,1,21,1,24,1,26,2,32,1","tracz,44,4,43,3,45,3,47,4,49,5,50,5","trade,16,3","tradition,21,1,36,1,39,1","traditional,16,22,27,6,31,4,33,6,36,2,38,1,39,2","traditionally,36,1,39,1","tragic,49,1,50,1","trailing,14,1","train,16,2","trained,44,1,43,1,45,1,47,1","training,1,1,3,1,5,1,9,1,10,2,14,1,16,4,20,2,23,1,24,1,32,1,44,2,43,9,45,3,47,2,50,1","tralian,38,1","trans,18,1","transactions,19,2","transdisciplinary,23,1","transducer,22,3,25,2,37,1,40,1","transducers,14,1,22,7,25,1,28,1","transfer,18,8,20,1,24,1,25,2,26,1,28,1,32,1,34,2,44,4,37,1,39,1,40,1,43,2,47,4,49,5,50,3","transferable,30,3,38,2","transferred,24,1,32,1,41,1,48,1","transferring,44,1,45,1,47,1","transfers,18,1,35,1,36,1,39,2","transformation,23,4","transformers,25,1","transforms,23,1","transgression,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","transient,18,1,25,1,44,3,37,4,40,4,41,4,47,3,48,4,49,1,50,1","transients,44,1,43,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","transition,22,1,23,1,37,1,40,1,49,1","translated,30,2,38,2","translates,50,1","transmits,18,1","transmitted,25,1,29,1","transparent,22,1,26,1","transport,19,1,20,1,21,1,24,6,32,6,35,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,45,2,49,2","transportation,41,1","transporting,19,1,24,1,32,1,35,1","transposing,18,1","transverse,25,2,29,2,41,1,48,1","trap,15,1,29,1","trapped,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1,35,1,43,5","traps,15,1","travail,20,1","trave,50,1","travel,15,4,16,2,27,1,31,1,33,1,44,3,43,4,46,4,47,3,49,1,50,2","traveled,45,1","traveling,45,1,46,2","travelling,15,2,26,1","travels,25,1","travers,18,6,20,1","traverses,22,12","traversing,37,1,40,1,42,1","tre,18,1","treat,20,1","treated,22,2,23,1,37,1,40,1,42,1","treating,22,1,35,1","treatment,20,1,22,1,43,1","trend,17,3,19,2,21,4,22,2,24,1,29,1,30,6,32,1,35,1,38,5,42,1,49,1","trends,11,1,16,1,19,3,21,1,29,3,30,4,38,3,40,1","tri,16,5,21,1","trial,20,1,35,3,37,3,40,7,41,6,42,1,45,1,48,6","trialled,7,1","trials,24,4,32,5,37,2,40,2,41,3,48,3","triangle,19,4,20,1,21,4","triangles,21,1","triangular,19,2,21,2,34,1","triangulation,21,4","trianguloid,25,1","tribunal,16,2","triebsch,25,2,29,2,34,1","tried,30,1,32,1,38,1","trigger,46,1","triggers,49,3","triphenylmethyl,19,1","tripper,31,1,33,1","trouble,28,2,41,2,48,2","trousers,18,1","trouve,20,1","truck,16,1,43,1","true,17,5,20,1,27,1,30,1,31,1,33,1,38,1","trust,23,4","trutwin,44,3,43,2,45,2,47,3,49,4,50,4","tshirt,18,1","tt,46,8","tt1,46,1","tube,19,2,22,9,25,5,28,2,27,1,30,1,33,1,34,1,38,1,45,2","tubes,19,1,35,1","tubing,15,1,22,3,35,1,45,3","tubular,34,1","tuffs,11,2,41,2,48,2","tumble,35,1","tumbled,24,1,32,1","tumbler,20,4,21,9,24,4,32,3,35,11","tumbles,20,1,21,1","tumbling,20,2","tunnel,46,4","turbo,24,2,26,7,32,2","turbulence,25,1","turkey,35,10","turn,16,29,25,1,30,1,38,1,42,1,46,1,50,1","turned,22,1,43,5,49,1,50,5","turning,17,1","turnover,16,1","turns,42,1","turpin,23,6","tushman,23,14","tw,18,1","twa,20,2,21,1,24,2,26,1,32,2,35,1,46,14","twa12hr,46,7","twa8hr,46,7","twelve,16,3,45,1","twentieth,19,2","twenty,16,5,19,3,22,2,25,1,29,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","twice,18,1,34,1","two,15,7,16,14,17,4,18,3,19,15,20,2,21,2,22,11,23,13,24,3,25,38,26,10,28,7,27,17,29,28,30,12,31,13,32,3,33,17,34,35,35,3,44,8,36,8,37,6,38,12,39,7,40,7,41,8,42,5,43,22,45,7,46,6,47,7,48,5,49,3,50,5","two­entry,44,1,43,1,47,1","type,15,1,16,3,17,2,18,4,19,1,20,1,21,2,22,13,23,3,24,4,25,18,26,7,28,4,29,10,30,1,31,1,32,4,34,10,35,3,44,1,37,1,38,2,40,1,41,11,42,2,45,1,46,2,47,1,48,11","types,16,1,17,1,18,2,19,1,21,2,22,3,23,1,24,1,25,1,26,3,29,2,30,4,32,1,44,2,37,1,38,3,41,3,42,5,46,1,47,2,48,4","typical,15,2,18,1,19,1,22,1,23,1,25,2,27,4,29,1,31,4,33,4,36,3,39,2,40,1,41,1,42,1,43,8,44,11,46,6,47,8,48,1,49,1,50,3","typically,16,1,25,3,28,1,27,8,31,9,33,11,34,2,43,3,44,3,46,3,47,3,50,3","tyson,23,1","ual,46,3","uk,19,4","ulat,18,1,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","ullmann,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","ultimate,25,9,28,1,34,7,43,2","ultimately,18,1,19,1,39,1","ultrasonic,37,2,40,2,41,3,48,3","ulv,16,1","umeki,28,1","unable,22,1,26,1,36,1,39,1,43,1,50,1","unacceptable,20,1","unaided,43,1","unanimous,16,1","unanimously,16,1","unaware,16,1","uncertainties,21,2,23,1,24,1,32,1","uncertainty,17,8,21,2,25,1,34,1,36,4,39,4","unchanged,43,1","unclear,23,1","uncontaminated,15,2,26,1,31,1,33,1","uncontrolled,36,1,37,1,39,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,47,1,48,1","undamaged,34,1","under,7,1,15,5,16,5,17,2,18,16,19,35,20,1,21,2,22,5,24,4,25,5,26,6,28,1,27,1,29,4,30,1,31,2,32,4,33,3,34,1,36,1,38,1,39,1,41,2,42,2,43,9,44,5,46,5,47,5,48,2,49,4,50,4","undercurrent,20,1","underestimate,46,1","underestimation,46,1","undergoes,19,1","undergone,23,1","undergraduate,46,2","underground,1,1,3,1,5,1,9,2,10,3,11,2,15,6,16,18,17,3,18,2,19,10,20,7,21,4,24,8,25,8,26,4,28,22,27,3,29,7,30,8,31,2,32,7,33,3,34,4,35,5,36,4,37,10,38,6,39,4,40,16,41,21,42,6,43,5,44,5,45,9,46,6,47,5,48,24,49,12,50,16","underlain,20,1","underline,15,1","underlined,43,1,50,1","underlying,21,1,22,1,23,1,27,2,33,2","underpin,23,1","underreinforced,25,1","undersea,20,1,21,1","undersize,35,2","understand,23,3,24,3,32,3,38,4,43,3,44,4,45,2,46,1,47,4,49,2,50,1","understanding,19,1,21,2,23,5,24,6,25,5,26,1,28,6,27,2,29,3,30,4,31,4,32,6,33,3,34,2,35,1,36,1,37,3,38,9,39,1,40,3,41,4,42,3,43,5,44,4,45,1,46,1,47,3,48,3,49,4,50,5","understandings,23,1","understands,23,1","understood,15,1,16,2,19,1,25,4,31,1,33,1,34,2,43,5,44,4,45,2,47,4,49,2","undertake,14,1,16,1,17,1,22,1,24,1,25,4,28,4,29,1,30,3,32,1,34,1,37,3,38,3,39,1,40,3,41,3,42,1,43,1,45,1,48,2","undertaken,15,5,16,5,17,2,18,4,19,3,20,5,21,6,22,6,23,6,24,16,25,8,26,7,28,5,27,2,29,4,30,10,31,4,32,18,33,4,34,3,35,3,36,6,37,1,38,8,39,6,40,2,41,7,42,4,43,10,44,9,45,2,46,8,47,9,48,6,49,3,50,8","undertakes,1,1,5,1,10,1,45,1","undertaking,9,1,10,1,13,1,14,2,16,2,17,4,19,1,28,1,40,1,41,1,44,3,46,1,47,3,48,1","undertook,25,1,29,1,30,2,38,1,50,1","underutilised,43,1","underway,25,1,29,1,48,1","undesirable,21,1","unencumbered,43,1","uni,23,1,27,1,33,1,38,1","uniaxial,25,1,29,2","unication,28,1","unidi,30,3,38,1","unidirectional,38,1","uniform,22,2,25,1,29,1,35,1,43,1,44,1,47,1","uniformly,22,3,25,1,34,1","unimpeded,41,1,48,1","union,16,2","unions,16,9","unique,17,1,23,1,25,1,29,1,30,1,34,1,38,3,39,1","uniquest,23,2","unit,3,1,17,1,19,1,24,4,25,1,26,7,29,1,32,5,34,1,35,1,41,1,43,20,44,1,46,1,47,1,48,1,50,22","united,7,1,15,1,18,1,20,1,21,1,36,1,39,1,49,1,50,1","units,15,1,16,1,17,1,19,1,22,5,26,1,43,4,46,1,50,9","unity,21,1,22,1","universities,23,2,25,1,34,1","university,13,1,15,1,16,5,17,2,18,6,19,5,20,6,21,8,22,2,23,29,24,5,25,3,26,4,28,3,27,1,29,4,30,4,31,2,32,6,33,2,34,3,35,6,36,1,37,3,38,3,39,1,40,3,41,3,42,4,43,5,44,4,45,2,46,3,47,4,48,4,49,6,50,6","unknown,21,1,25,1,34,1","unless,19,1,25,1,26,1,34,1,49,1","unlike,16,1,17,1","unlikely,18,1,19,1,25,2,34,2,46,1","unmined,25,1,29,1","unmonitored,37,2,40,3","unnecessary,17,1","unobstructed,43,1,44,1,47,1","unoxidising,49,3","unpaired,19,1","unpleasant,15,4,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","unpopular,16,1","unpredictable,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","unproductive,16,1","unproven,43,1,44,1,47,1","unpublished,19,1,46,2,49,1,50,1","unreacted,35,1","unreactive,49,3","unrealistic,23,1,50,1","unreliability,41,1,48,1","unreliable,20,1,21,3","unreported,37,1,40,1,41,1,48,1","unrestricted,36,2,39,1","unsafe,36,1,39,1","unsatisfactory,34,1,43,2","unsound,22,1","unstable,36,1,39,1,43,1,44,1,45,2,47,1,49,1","unstably,45,1","unsteady,44,1,46,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","unsuccessful,43,2","unsuitable,30,1,34,1,38,1","unsymmetrical,16,2","until,15,1,17,1,19,1,20,1,22,1,25,5,34,1,46,1,49,5","untouched,42,1","unusual,46,1","unversity,36,1,39,1","unwary,20,1","unwilling,16,1","upcast,15,2,36,1,39,1,41,3,45,1,47,1,50,1","upcasting,27,2,31,2,33,2,36,1,39,3,45,1","update,40,2,41,2,48,2","updated,16,3,28,3,37,3,40,4,41,4,48,4","updating,37,1,40,6,41,2,48,3","upgraded,43,1,44,1,45,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","upheld,23,1,46,1","upon,16,1,19,15,20,1,22,1,23,4,25,5,34,2,35,1,43,3,44,2,45,2,47,2,49,1","upper,19,3,25,1,37,1,40,1,42,1,46,1","upstream,22,6,44,1,47,1,49,1","upto,35,1","upward,30,2,38,2,43,1,44,1,47,1","upwind,44,1,47,1,49,21","uq,19,2,23,6","uq4,24,3","uqem,28,7,37,23,40,26,41,6,48,6","ura,32,1","uranium,16,2","urban,16,1","ure,48,1","ured,37,1,40,1","urement,40,1","urosek,50,2","urve,46,1","usa,36,4,37,2,39,4,40,2,41,2,43,1,44,1,45,2,47,1,48,2,50,1","usage,11,1,15,6,18,1,25,5,28,1,29,3,34,5,35,1,43,5,50,8","usbm,25,1,29,3,34,2","use,7,1,11,2,14,2,15,3,16,1,17,2,18,14,19,12,20,4,21,3,22,3,23,2,24,11,25,23,26,18,28,7,27,9,29,19,30,13,31,10,32,9,33,11,34,18,35,5,36,17,37,2,38,12,39,17,40,4,41,6,42,3,43,19,44,8,45,4,46,5,47,8,48,6,49,8,50,21","used,3,1,7,1,15,8,16,4,17,4,18,7,19,13,20,12,21,22,22,15,23,5,24,16,25,28,26,11,28,3,27,12,29,27,30,15,31,13,32,15,33,17,34,18,35,11,36,14,37,9,38,9,39,13,40,8,41,10,42,10,43,14,44,3,45,10,46,15,47,3,48,9,49,4,50,11","useful,21,4,25,1,28,1,34,1,38,1,40,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,50,1","user,3,1,18,2,21,1,43,1,44,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","users,18,1,41,1,48,1","uses,17,1,21,1,24,1,26,1,31,1,35,1,43,1","using,3,1,11,1,12,1,15,3,17,1,18,7,19,8,20,6,21,4,22,15,23,6,24,3,25,8,26,2,28,3,27,5,29,1,30,1,31,6,32,4,33,4,34,5,35,4,36,3,37,8,38,2,39,2,40,8,41,4,42,7,43,7,44,2,45,9,46,4,47,2,48,4,49,2,50,6","usual,19,1,25,2,34,1,35,1,44,1,47,1","usually,17,1,19,3,20,1,23,1,24,1,27,1,30,1,31,2,32,1,33,2,34,1,36,3,37,4,38,1,39,4,42,4,43,1,44,2,46,2,47,2","utah,50,1","utilisation,16,2,17,1,28,8,27,2,31,2,33,2,36,4,39,4,41,1,48,1","utilise,16,2,24,1,32,1,43,2","utilised,16,5,19,2,21,1,22,2,23,1,24,1,25,3,28,2,27,6,29,1,31,7,32,1,33,8,35,1,36,9,39,7,42,1,43,2,49,1,50,2","utilisées,20,1","utilises,3,1,16,1,35,1,36,1,47,1,49,1,50,1","utilising,19,1,23,1,28,3,27,1,31,1,33,1,36,1,43,4","utilization,36,1,39,1","utilize,36,1,39,1","utilized,36,2,39,2,44,1,45,1,47,1","utilizes,39,1,43,1,44,1","utilizing,39,1,43,1,44,1,47,1","v1,35,2,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","v2,35,2,37,3,40,3,41,3,42,3,48,3","vacuum,17,1,23,1","vair,46,3","valid,18,1,21,2,24,1,32,1","validate,17,1,18,1,45,1","validated,17,1,18,1,25,1,45,1","validation,17,1,36,1,39,1,43,4,44,5,45,10,47,5,49,2,50,2","validity,17,1,22,1,25,1,29,1,34,1","valley,50,1","valuable,15,1,23,2,43,1,45,3,49,1","value,17,11,18,5,19,6,21,5,22,2,23,2,25,3,26,2,31,2,35,1,36,4,37,3,39,4,40,4,41,4,42,3,43,4,44,5,46,1,47,5,48,3,49,4,50,3","values,15,4,16,2,17,26,18,13,19,7,20,1,21,14,22,8,23,7,25,1,28,5,29,1,35,1,37,7,40,20,41,7,42,7,44,2,46,4,47,2,48,6,50,1","valve,32,2,35,1","valves,35,1","van,18,2,23,1","vane,37,1,40,1,41,1,42,1,48,1","vapor,20,1","vapour,20,1,21,1,24,1,32,1","variability,21,1,42,1","variable,19,1,20,1,25,2,26,1,31,1,34,2,36,4,37,2,39,5,41,1,42,2,48,1","variables,23,2,26,1","variance,19,1,21,12","variation,17,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arrFiles=new Array();arrFiles[0]=new Array(1,"about.html","2005-07-03","Gillies Wu Mining Technology - About","","","The Team Minserve Contact Us Gillies Wu Mining Technology Gillies Wu Mining Technology Pty Ltd (GWMT) undertakes work in mining engineering with a focus to underground issues, mine ventilation and atmosphere control, emergency evacuation, mine evaluation economics, training and education. &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",11);arrFiles[1]=new Array(2,"contact.html","2005-07-03","Gillies Wu Mining Technology - Contact","","","Home Gillies Wu Mining Technology C/- The Minserve Group 1 Swan Road Taringa Qld 4068 Brisbane Australia Phone: +61 7 3377 6700 Fax: +61 7 3377 6701 ABN 63 133 484 272 Dr Stewart Gillies s.gillies@minserve.com.au Dr Hsin Wei Wu h.wu@minserve.com.au Dr Stewart Gillies +61 7 3377 6745 or 0419 662 071 Dr Hsin Wei Wu +61 7 3377 6734 or 0412 746 993 &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",13);arrFiles[2]=new Array(3,"fire.html","2005-09-07","Gillies Wu Mining Technology - Fire Simulation","","","Ventilation Planning Mine Respirable Dust Fire Simulation Other Areas Contact Us Fire Simulation Simulation of mine fires using VENTGRAPH mine fire software has the great advantage that underground mine fire scenarios can be analysed and visualised to control fire contaminants and maintain safe escapeways. VENTGRAPH software provides a dynamic representation of the fire \'s progress (in real-time) and utilises a colour graphic visualisation of the spread of combustion products throughout the ventilation system. During the simulation session the user can interact with the ventilation system, introduce inert gases and change fan characteristics. These changes can be simulated quickly allowing for the testing of various fire-control and suppression strategies. Click to view Fire Simulation Program An individual mine model is built and then used for simulating mine fire development scenarios. Extensive training package for emergency evacuation exercises have been developed. Operation of an inertisation unit requires preplanning in terms of infrastructure requirements for a surface portal docking station and access for operating personnel, fuel, water and other operating requirements. GWMT is currently working on an inertisation ACARP funded project. &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",13);arrFiles[3]=new Array(4,"GAS LW Panel_001.avi","2004-04-30","GAS LW Panel_001.avi","","","",4291);arrFiles[4]=new Array(5,"index.html","2005-07-03","Gillies Wu Mining Technology","","","Contact Us Staff Section Welcome to Gillies Wu Mining Technology Gillies Wu Mining Technology Pty Ltd (GWMT) undertakes work in mining engineering with a focus to underground issues, mine ventilation and atmosphere control, emergency evacuation, mine evaluation economics, training and education. Please contact us if you have any further questions or quieries &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",11);arrFiles[5]=new Array(6,"links.html","2005-09-07","Gillies Wu Mining Technology - Links","","","Home Contact Us Minserve http://www.minserve.com.au/ Sigra http://www.sigra.com.au/ &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",11);arrFiles[6]=new Array(7,"mine.html","2005-09-07","Gillies Wu Mining Technology","","","Ventilation Planning Mine Respirable Dust Fire Simulation Other Areas Contact Us Mine Respirable Dust GWMT has extensive experience in evaluating and improving mine dust conditions. Latest approaches use real time personal respirable dust measurement. Under a recent ACARP grant GWMT have trialled a United States NIOSH developed cap lamp battery mounted personal dust monitor that gives real time response to a miner&rsquo;s current dust exposure. It can be used to improve productivity by evaluation of engineering dust improvements such as sprays, scrubbers and miner position. The accurate belt-mounted personal monitor continuously measures a miner&rsquo;s personal exposure to respirable dust in mg/m&sup3; and reports cumulative, current and projected information to the miner in numeric and graphical formats. At the end of the working shift, mine personnel can download detailed respirable dust exposure to a PC for further analysis. The monitor offers lower per sample costs than the current gravimetric sampling method. The TEOM microbalance provides microgram mass measurement sensitivity in the harsh mining environment. The Rupprecht &amp; Patashnick Personal Dust Monitor Personal Dust Monitor Display &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",13);arrFiles[7]=new Array(8,"minserve.html","2005-09-07","Gillies Wu Mining Technology - Minserve","","","About Gillies Wu The Team Contact Us Minserve The Minserve Group Pty Ltd consults on all aspects of resource evaluation and mining. Comprising 18 experienced member companies we can assist you from exploration, technical and feasibility studies, through project development to operations solustions. For more information please visit: www.minserve.com.au &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",12);arrFiles[8]=new Array(9,"other.html","2005-09-07","Gillies Wu Mining Technology - Other Areas of Expertise - Other Areas of Expertise","","","Ventilation Planning Mine Respirable Dust Fire Simulation Other Areas Contact Us Other Areas of Expertise GWMT has extensive experience in ventilation related areas such as stopping design, mine heat loads, heat stress, explosible dusts issues (coal and sulphide dusts), instrumentation development and testing of ducting for leakage and frictional impedance. GWMT has experience in underground mine planning, economic evaluation and financial analysis. It also has experience in undertaking audits and courts expert witness appearances. GWMT currently is working with almost all underground coal mines in Queensland and about half a dozen collieries in New South Wales . GWMT is also working with a number of metalliferous mines. Numerous training courses, workshops, seminars and short courses have been organised and delivered. &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",13);arrFiles[9]=new Array(10,"products.html","2005-09-07","Gillies Wu Mining Technology - Products and Services","","","Ventilation Planning Mine Respirable Dust Fire Simulation Other Areas Contact Us Gillies Wu Mining Technology Pty Ltd (GWMT) undertakes work in mining engineering with a focus to underground issues, mine ventilation and atmosphere control, emergency evacuation, mine evaluation economics, training and education. GWMT also has extensive experience in ventilation related areas such as stopping design, mine heat loads, heat stress, explosible dusts issues (coal and sulphide dusts), instrumentation development and testing of ducting for leakage and frictional impedance. GWMT has experience in underground mine planning, economic evaluation and financial analysis. It also has experience in undertaking audits and courts expert witness appearances. GWMT currently is working with almost all underground coal mines in Queensland and about half a dozen collieries in New South Wales. GWMT is also working with a number of metalliferous mines. Numerous training courses, workshops, seminars and short courses have been organised and delivered. &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",12);arrFiles[10]=new Array(11,"research.html","2006-01-05","Gillies Wu Mining Technology","","","Search Papers Contact Us Year Published 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 Published 2005 Simulation of the Effects of Intertisation of Fires on Mine Ventilation Systems A. D. S. Gillies, A.M. Wala, and H. W. Wu Spontaneous Combustion and Simulation of Mine Fires and Their Effects on Mine Ventilation Systems A. D. S. Gillies, H. W. Wu, and D. Humphreys Back to the top Published in 2004 Case studies from simulating mine fires in coal mines and their effects on mine ventilation systems A.D.S. Gillies and H.W. Wu Lessons from an Underground Coal Mine Fire in Australia using Retrospective Numerical Simulation Study A.M. Wala, A.D.S. Gillies and H.W. Wu Development of an Assessment Tool to Minimize Safe After Blast Re-Entry Time to Improve the Mining Cycle A.D.S. Gillies, H.W. Wu and D. Shires Case Studies from Application of Numerical Simulation Software to examining the effects of fires on mine ventilation systems A.D.S. Gillies, A.M. Wala and H.W. Wu Development of a Real Time Airflow Monitoring and Control System A.D.S. Gillies, H.W. Wu, N. Tuffs and T Sartor Use of mine fire simulation for emergency preparedness A.D.S. Gillies, H.W. Wu, D. Reece and R. Hosking Back to the top Published in 2003 Real Time Integrated Mine Ventilation Monitoring A.D.S. Gillies, H.W. Wu, N. Tuffs and T. Sartor The Measurement of Airflow Through Regulators H.W. Wu, ADS Gillies and T.I. Mayes Back to the top Published in 2002 Dust Measurement and Control in Thick Seam Mining, Mine Ventilation A.D.S. Gillies and H.W. Wu Economic Modelling of Australian Longwall Ventilation T.I. Mayes and A.D.S. Gillies Measurement of Airflow through Regulators and Real Time Integrated Monitoring A.D.S. Gillies, H.W. Wu, T.I. Mayes and A. Halim Australian Longwall Ventilation T.I. Mayes and A.D.S. Gillies Mine Regulators to allow Real Time Ventilation Monitoring A.D.S. Gillies, H.W. Wu, T.I. Mayes and A. Halim Back to the top Published in 2001 Some Approaches to Handling Hydrogen Sulphide in Coal Seams A.D.S Gillies, M. S. Kizil, H. W. Wu and T. Harvey An Analysis of Current Australian Longwall Ventilation Methods T.I. Mayes and A.D.S Gillies Testing and Usage of Ventilation Control Devices within the Australian Coal Mining Industry A.D.S Gillies, D. Pearson, A. Green, R Day and P Dux Development of a Portable Coal Seam Gas Analyser M.S. Kizil, A.D.S. Gillies and H.W. Wu Dust Measurement and Control A.D.S. Gillies and H.W. Wu Economic Investigation of Australian Longwall Ventilation Methods T.I. Mayes and A.D.S. Gillies Back to the top Published in 2000 The Mining Challenge of Coal Seam Hydrogen Sulphide A.D.S. Gillies H.W. Wu, M.S. Kizil and T. Harvey New Approaches to the Design and Evaluation of Mine Stoppings and Seals D Pearson, A.D.S. Gillies A Green, R Day and P Dux Improved Ventilation and use of Respirators to allow Safe Mining during Release of Coal Seam Hydrogen Sulphide A.D.S Gillies, M.H Kizil, H. W. Wu and T. Harvey A Review of Current Australian Longwall Mine Ventilation Practice T.I. Mayes and A.D.S Gillies The Development of a Real Time Airflow Monitoring and Control System A.D.S Gillies, Nan Wang, T.I. Mayes, Hsin Wei Wu and M.H.Kizil Emerging Trends and Adoption of Standards for Stopping and Seals in Australian Coal Mines A.D.S Gillies and Hsin Wei Wu Back to the top Published in 1999 The modelling of the occurrence of hydrogen sulphide in coal seams A.D.S. Gillies, M.S. Kizil, H. W. Wu and T.J.M. Harvey A comparison of air leakage prediction techniques for auxiliary ventilation ducting systems A.D.S. Gillies and Hsin Wei Wu Management of the industry/research organisation interface B. John, J. Spiliopoulos, J. Beazley, T.J.M. Harvey and A.D.S. Gillies Back to the top Published in 1998 Some investigations into the explosibility of mine dust laden atmospheres A.D.S. Gillies and S Jackson Mining through H2S seam gas zones in underground coal mines T. J. M. Harvey, S. Cory, M. S. Kizil and A. D. S Gillies Back to the top Published in 1997 The increasing acceptance of fly-in fly-out within the Australian mining industry A.D.S. Gillies, Hsin Wei Wu and S.J. Jones Investigation into the influences of post detonation fumes on the expolsibility of sulphide dust A.D.S. Gillies, Y.S. Yao and P. Golledge The development of a personal heat response meter calibrated to the physiology of the range of employees within the mine workplace Hsin Wei Wu and A.D.S. Gillies Back to the top Published in 1996 Mine ventilation implications of segregated intake and neutral air beltways A.D.S. Gillies Back to the top &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",27);arrFiles[11]=new Array(12,"search.html","2005-09-07","Gillies Wu Mining Technology - Search","","","Contact Us within All text Title Keywords Descriptions File name using All words Any words Exact phrase &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",12);arrFiles[12]=new Array(13,"team.html","2005-09-07","Gillies Wu Mining Technology - Team","","","About Gillies Wu Minserve Contact Us The Gillies Wu Team Stewart Gillies BE (Hons) in Mining Engineering, Ph.D in Mining Engineering, MAusIMM. Thirty years experience as a university academic teaching and undertaking research within the mining industry. Extensive consulting experience with the mining industry in mining engineering, mine ventilation and mine evaluation economics. Particular interests in mine ventilation planning, mine fires, mine dusts and financial analysis. He was chairman of both the 2005 Eighth International Mine Ventilation Congress and the 1988 Fourth International Mine Ventilation Congress. He is National Coordinator of the AusIMM Australian Student Mineral Venture program . Hsin Wei Wu Dip. Mining Engineering, M Eng Sc and Ph.D in Mining Engineering, MAusIMM. Fifteen years experiences of teaching, research and consulting in mine ventilation and mining economics including mine ventilation system design and planning, pressure and quantity surveys, mine fire simulation, real time ventilation monitoring, contaminants monitoring and control, economics of mine development and mining financial techniques. He is a member for both the Organising and Editorial Committees of the Eighth International Mine Ventilation Congress &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",13);arrFiles[13]=new Array(14,"vent.html","2005-09-07","Gillies Wu Mining Technology - Ventilation Planning Assignments","","","Ventilation Planning Mine Respirable Dust Fire Simulation Other Areas Contact Us Ventilation Planning Assignments Planning exercises for location of shafts, fan and shaft sizing, layout and related work. GWMT has considerable experience in undertaking ventilation surveys. When undertaking pressure and quantity surveys, precision electronic pressure transducers are employed to avoid use of trailing hoses. Development of calibrated VENTSIM models for daily operational use and mine planning exercises. Click to see fire simulation program GWMT has given many VENTSIM and mine ventilation planning training short courses. GWMT also assists mines in developing online real time VENTSIM models that accept real time information from mine monitoring sensors, undertake network simulations and interpret key system data and operational changes. &copy; Gillies Wu Mining Techology Site Design by Shout Communications",13);arrFiles[14]=new Array(15,"Papers/1996/1996 - August - Hazcoal segregated airways.pdf","2006-01-05","Microsoft Word - NEUTAIRP.doc","","","Published as: A.D.S. Gillies. Mine ventilation implications of segregated intake and neutral air beltways, Proceedings Hazcoal, Queensland Department of Mines and Energy, pp 231-240 August 1996.    Mine Ventilation Implications of Segregated Intake and Neutral Air Beltways  A.D.S.Gillies, B.E.(Hons), Ph.D Department of Mining, Minerals and Materials Engineering The University of Queensland Summary Although it is believed that exemption to the ruling has been common, coal underground beltways in mine areas developed since 1978 in Queensland are required to have belt heading air segregated from other intake headings to improve the likelihood of maintenance of an uncontaminated escape airway in the event of a mine fire. Furthermore, the 1996 Moura No 2 Warden \'s Inquiry Recommendations set down that underground mines should have one intake airway that is completely segregated from other parallel intake airways so as to provide two separate intake airways means of egress from the mine. The results of a study to examine the implications and costs of these provisions are set down and discussed. A number of Queensland mines are facing conditions of having to mine through extensive seam pockets of high concentration unpleasant and toxic gases such as H2S. These gases are liberated both from the face and from coal travelling on and being tipped from belts. Panel mining necessitates routing face return air down belt headings homotropally and under these conditions Mains Headings belt air will be contaminated and cannot be reused within the mine. The Mains belt heading must be fully segregated and one option is for it to in effect become a neutral airway with a low airflow being coursed either homotropally or antitropally and dumped to returns. This restricts the number of possible mine intakes and so has implications on the provision and cost of mine ventilation. Examples from a study on this situation are discussed. Background to the Study Queensland Coal Mine Regulations as they pertain to mine ventilation have always been considered to be onerous. Queensland General Rules for Underground Coal Mines state that for mines developed since 1978 all belt conveyor roadways shall be segregated from other intake airways and from return airways. While it can be generally observed that most mine crosscuts connecting belt roadways with other airways carry segregation stoppings some exemption has been given from a strict interpretation of the rule of the years for the following reasons. 1. It is awkward to have to carry a Panel belt through a segregation stopping before joining a Main belt. 2. Men and materials need to pass from time to time in most mine layouts from a roadway on one side of a beltway to a roadway on the other. To allow this and maintain segregation requires the expense of installation of a pair of doors, a pair of sealing flaps or use of an overcast.  23/09/2005 2    3. Likewise, intake air needs to be brought from one side of a beltway to the other and segregation implies necessity for construction of an overcast. 4. In an emergency, escape from the mine may be slowed or impeded by personnel having to travel around long lines of segregation stoppings. Following publication of the Moura No 2 Mine Disaster Inquiry report some points of interpretation have been clarified by the Inspectorate and it is understood that some tightening up has occurred in granting of exemptions. The Inquiry report placed emphasis on the matter with the recommendation that there be a requirement for all underground mines to have one intake airway that is completely segregated from other parallel intake airways so as to provide two separate means of egress from a mine via an intake airway. The study has undertaken a technical and cost comparison of ventilation of a typical (although artificial) model of a modern longwall mine layout examining the generally accepted pre Moura situation (Casestudy 1) with what appears to be the evolving post Moura approach (Casestudy 2). Casestudy 3 examines the ventilation technical and cost implications of handling release of noxious emissions such as H2S seam gas. A number of Queensland mines are facing conditions of having to mine through extensive seam pockets of high concentration unpleasant and toxic gases such as H2S. These gases are liberated both from the face and from coal passing through breakers and travelling on and being tipped from belts. Within these mining conditions, longwall panel mining necessitates routing face return air down belt headings homotropally. As coal passes into Mains beltway heading air will be contaminated and so cannot be reused within the mine. As a consequence the beltway cannot serve as an intake. The Mains belt heading must be fully segregated and one option is for it to become, in effect, a neutral airway with a low airflow being coursed either homotropally or antitropally and dumped to returns. This restriction in the number of possible mine intakes has implications on the provision and cost of mine ventilation. The concept of use of the term  Neutral belt airway  has been adopted from United States of America coal mine practice. In that country there has been a generally accepted practice for over two decades that to reduce possibility of emissions from belt fires passing to the working face belt air is dumped to returns. Belt air is nonactive air and cannot be considered as intake air. This concept has been adopted for handling beltway air under H2S mining conditions and is the general approach being used by a number of Queensland mines currently facing this problem. The Casestudy Models Ventilation models have been established for the three casestudies and computer simulations undertaken. The ventilation network program VENTSIM has been use to model behaviour. The model longwall mine tested incorporates the following features and a general schematic can be seen in figure 1. 1. Mine Mains development has a five heading configuration with the outer A and E headings as returns, B and D headings as intakes and the centre C heading as belt road.  23/09/2005  3    2. The mine is well established with old worked out longwall panel goafs to the north and extraction currently occurring in a second longwall panel to the south. Four development faces are ventilated with two being longwall panel gateroad headings and two Mains development. 3. In seam roadway and decline dimensions have been standardised at 5.2 m wide and 3.3 m high. 4. The upcast raise bored ventilation shaft to the south of the portal declines (Shaft A) and a second shaft near the bend in the Mains (Shaft B) have frictional impedances of 0.006 kg/m3. 5. Design face air quantities are 25 m3/s for development and 45 to 50m3/s for longwall extraction. 6. Belt headings are separated from intake headings by segregation stoppings with impedance of 135 Ns2/m8. Where flaps are used when gateroad belts join the main belt, an impedance 2 Ns2/m8 has been assigned. 7. Other impedance values used (in Ns2/m8) have been predicted conservatively as 195 for main stoppings and 8.5 for belt mouse-traps and 0.01 for overcasts respectively. 8. The surface upcast shaft fans are of a type commonly used within the industry. They have adjustable blades allowing a number of characteristic curves to be simulated for a range of 50 to 150 m3/s airflow quantity throughput. Within all simulations a pair of fans in parallel is situated on shaft A and a single identical fan draws air through shaft B. 9. Methane (which generally dictates face air quantities) and hydrogen sulphide are the only seam gases of concern from a ventilation point of view. 10.Electrical power cost used is  0.032/kW-hr. Casestudy simulations have been undertaken using ventilation modelling on a basis that includes the following interpretations. Casestudy 1 Layout of belt roadways in a way commonly found prior to the mid 1990s. This approach allowed intake air to mix with belt roadway air where gateroad belts met Main belts, where travel roads passed under (over) belts or where there was a need to equalise airflow between parallel intake headings. Crosscuts intersecting belt roads, and not used for the above purposes normally carried a segregation stopping. This stopping was often of lighter construction than those used for separating intake and return air. A view of part of this mine layout at the intersection of Mains and Panel gateroad headings is shown on figure 2. Casestudy 2 Segregation of intake belt air from intake air occurs throughout the mine until the last open crosscut outbye the working face where mixing of belt air with intake air may occur prior to passing this mixed air across the face. An overcast must be used to carry intake air across a segregated belt heading. Men and Materials roadways entering or leaving a belt heading must incorporate isolation doors or flaps or must do so where an overcast is in place. Panel belts joining Mains belts must pass through isolation flaps or a segregating mouse trap. A view of part of this mine layout at the intersection of Mains and Panel gateroad headings is shown on figure 3. Casestudy 3  23/09/2005 4    Belts that carry broken coal which liberates high levels of contaminant H2S are segregated neutral airways. Panel belts carry coal from the face in a non-entry heading with homotropal airflow direction. This heading air dumps to return while the belt passes through flaps to tip onto the Mains belt. The Mains belt roadway is similarly non-entry neutral air moving both homotropally and antitropally with the belt and with flow regulated by flaps which as convenient dump air to returns. A view of part of this mine layout at the intersection of Mains and Panel gateroad headings is shown on figure 4. To allow a fair technical and economic comparison between the alternative casestudies presented, the mine layout has in all other aspects been kept identical. This has meant the placement of a number of overcasts in casestudy models 2 and 3 to allow airflow equalisation between Main Heading A and E (Returns) and B and D (Intakes) where this equalisation would have more readily occurred with the less segregation inherent in the casestudy model 1 layout. Results To highlight differences between each alternative, model simulations have been undertaken to determine the minimum fan blade setting and power requirements to meet design face air requirement specified for ventilating one longwall panel and four development headings. For analysis purposes models are compared as to fan blade settings (high number refers to higher air duty), total mine airflow necessary to meet design face requirements, mine air usage efficiency (ratio of air delivered to faces to total mine flow), total mine impedance imposed by the mine network, total fan motors electrical power, efficiency of fan operation (air power to consumed electrical power) and annual power cost. The figures set down only selected or key quantity values and direction arrows. Results of simulation studies on the three casestudies are as follows. 1. Casestudy 1 (Partially Segregated Beltway) Fans and fan blade setting required Total mine airflow (m3/s) Mine air usage efficiency (%) Total mine impedance (Ns2/M8) Total motor electrical power (kW) Fan efficiency (%) Annual power cost 2. Casestudy 2 (Fully Segregated beltway) Fans and fan blade setting required Total mine airflow (m3/s) Mine air usage efficiency (%) Total mine impedance (Ns2/M8)  23/09/2005  Shaft A : 2 fans @ blade angle 6 Shaft B : 1 fan @ blade angle 6 252 58.6 0.01870 367 82  103,027  Shaft A : 2 fans @ blade angle 7 Shaft B : 1 fan @ blade angle 6 273 54.2 0.01942  5    Total motor electrical power (kW) Fan efficiency (%) Annual power cost  451 87  126,552  3. Casestudy 3 (Neutral Air Beltway - Full segregation and Isolation of beltway) Fans and fan blade setting required Total mine airflow (m3/s) Mine air usage efficiency (%) Total mine impedance (Ns2/M8) Total motor electrical power (kW) Fan efficiency (%) Annual power cost Shaft A : 2 fans @ blade angle 10 Shaft B : 1 fan @ blade angle 7 307 47.7 0.02922 983 86  275,636  Analysis of Results Simulation results emphasise that there is a higher load placed on the ventilation system as increased segregation and isolation of the Mains beltway occurs. While fan nominated blade angle 6 is sufficient to meet design airflow for all three fans for Casestudy 1, two fans need to operate at relative blade angle position 7 in Casestudy 2. In Casestudy 3 two fans operating at blade angle 10 and one at 7 are required to handle the increased duty requirements. Total mine air requirements increase with leakage of air through stoppings and loss through flaps and other restricted passageways with higher fan pressures at increased blade angles. This leads to a need for 8 per cent more mine air with segregation in Casestudy 2 and 22 per cent with segregation and isolation in Casestudy 3. These losses lead to a comparable loss in Mine air usage efficiency with segregation and isolation of the beltway. Mine air usage efficiency ratios are a relative measure highlighting losses in the mine system. It is a figure which can be expected to rise with age of a mine due to extent of workings and deterioration of stoppings. In this study it highlights an inefficiency imposed on the mine system due to incorporation of additional safety requirements or the presence of unpleasant or toxic gases within the mine atmosphere. The rising mine impedance values from casestudies 1 to 2 and 3 indicate the extra resistance placed on the essentially parallel airflow pathways that make up the mine networks under study. Similarly the increasing fan motors electrical power requirements and annual power cost for the three models emphasise the additional impositions of segregation and isolation placed on the ventilation system. Casestudy 2 has additional power draw and cost requirements over model 1 of 22 per cent while Casestudy 3 imposes an increase of 167 per cent load. These values underline higher operating cost of meeting ventilation needs. The larger electrical motors and structural components needed to operate the fans will mean that the capital cost of establishing ventilation systems that meet requirements set down in casestudies 3 are significantly increased over casestudy 1. In this case, as an example, Shaft A fan motor ratings of 400 kW would be required whereas 250 kW units would be sufficient for casestudy 1 mine layout. The capital cost of additional overcasts, segregation stoppings and other devices needed in casestudies 2 and 3 will in addition be of a high order.  23/09/2005  6    The full beltway segregation approach of casestudy 2 is seen as giving an advantage to miners working inbye a belt fire to leave the mine using uncontaminated intake airways (for example headings B and D in the mine layouts). The general Queensland practice of placing the belt heading flanked by intake headings means that belt fire fumes can quickly travel to and contaminate working face air. The alternative of placing the belt heading adjacent to a return air heading allows, if there is quick action in the event of a belt fire starting, the dumping of belt air directly into the return. This allows fire fumes to be directly short circuited out of the mine and gives miners at working faces valuable additional time to leave the face area and travel out of the mine. Under general Queensland practice incorporation of devices to allow contaminated belt air to be dumped to return, such as placing at intervals tubing linking headings or isolation doors, would be expensive. Conclusions A study has been undertaken using technical and cost evaluation of ventilation of a typical (although artificial) model of a modern longwall mine layout by comparing a partially segregated beltway approach with a fully segregated beltway system and a segregated and isolated beltway system appropriate for handling mining in seams containing unpleasant or toxic gases. The casestudies examined have highlighted the requirements for increased ventilation air with both segregation and segregation and isolation of beltway heading air. The additional fan duty required to deliver more air against higher mine impedance considerably increases fan annual operating costs and capital cost of fan installation. The discussion allows the implications of installation of fully segregated or neutral belt airways to be carefully considered. References Queensland Government. Wardens Inquiry report on an accident at Moura No 2 Underground Mine on Sunday 7 August 1994, F. W. Windridge, Warden,January 1996 74p. Queensland Government. Coal mining Act, General rules for underground coal mines.  23/09/2005  7    ",55);arrFiles[15]=new Array(16,"Papers/1997/1997 - March - AustIMM FIFO.pdf","2006-01-05","Microsoft Word - FIFO97paper.doc","","","Published as: A.D.S. Gillies, Hsin Wei Wu and S.J. Jones, The increasing acceptance of fly-in fly-out within the Australian mining industry. Proceedings Aust. Inst. Min. Metall. Conference, pp 87-95 March 1997.  FIFO971  1    The Increasing Acceptance of Fly-in Fly-out within the  Australian Mining Industry  A.D.S. Gillies, Hsin Wei Wu and S.J. Jones Abstract  Australia wide, over 40 Fly-in Fly-out mining operations and other forms of Long Distance Commuting now exist, with coverage of about 5000 employees. The substantial majority of these operations are in Western Australia, with some mines also located in Queensland and the Northern Territory. In recent years new large scale mining operations have adopted the Fly-in Fly-out approach and it is important to note that no new mining towns have been constructed in Australia since the township of Roxby Downs was built in the late 1980s to service the Olympic Dam mine. An examination of Fly-in Fly-out mining operations in Australia has been undertaken. A detailed survey undertaken in 1990 has been reviewed and another intensive survey undertaken to establish emerging trends. Results from both company and individual employees point of view have been analysed. A section examines the views of professional employees and the influence of Fly-in Fly-out on career development. Bus-in Bus-out coal mining operations are emerging in Queensland \'s Bowen Basin. These operations commute their employees into the mine site for compressed working schedules whilst the mine employees \' families are domiciled in regional cities such as Mackay. A review of the issues associated with the development of long distance commute coal mining operations in Queensland \'s Bowen Basin is performed and two case studies examined.  Introduction  In the 1980s a change in pattern occurred in the development of new mines in remote regions of Australia which saw many companies adopt a fly-in fly-out (FIFO) arrangement to servicing a mine rather than the construction of a traditional mining town (the term FIFO is used to describe fly-in fly-out, bus-in bus-out and other forms of long-distance commute mining operations). Under FIFO, employees are drawn from a home base which is typically a large city, coastal community or established mining town, and flown to the mine site for intensive work periods. Australia wide, over 40 FIFO mining operations now exist, with coverage of about 5000 employees (WA Department of Mines and Energy, 1991). The substantial majority of these operations are in Western Australia, with some mines also located in Queensland and the Northern Territory. In recent years new large scale mining operations have adopted the FIFO approach and it is important to note that no new mining towns have been constructed in Australia since the township of Roxby Downs was built in the late 1980 \'s to service the Olympic Dam mine. There are many reasons why the shift from constructing mining towns to adopting a FIFO approach to servicing a mine has occurred since the early 1980 \'s. Mining companies have been unwilling to support the high construction cost of towns, short life and smaller mining operations do not justify a town (particularly small to medium scale gold mining operations), fast jet aircraft are becoming increasingly available and there is a better perceived family lifestyle in established (coastal) communities. On the other hand, reduced permanent development at new mine sites does not assist Australia \'s perceived need for decentralisation. There have also been questions raised as to the social problems which may develop from the artificial separation of the  breadwinner  from his family. A change in the economic viability of some new mining projects has been brought about by this move from traditional town to the FIFO approach to the servicing of the operation. This change has been attributed to the reduced capital cost associated with not having to build a town near the mining operation. In recent years even new `bonanza \' mine developments such as BHP Minerals \' Cannington lead/zinc/silver project have decided to adopt a FIFO approach to their planned operations.  Background  A thorough survey of how FIFO was affecting the Australian mining industry was undertaken in 1990 (Gillies, Just and Wu, 1991). To gain an appreciation of the impact that FIFO was having on the Australian mining industry, four main groups, namely mining operators (both traditional town and FIFO operations), FIFO mining employees, state mines departments and unions, were surveyed by letter and questionnaire. Survey Results 1 2 3 4 Fifty six mine operators responded to the survey and a breakdown of the responses indicated: 38 operations were serviced by a traditional town and 18 operations were FIFO. 25 operations were gold or gold, copper and silver mines. 35 operations were open pit, 12 were underground and 9 used both mining methods. 36 operations were established since 1 January, 1983. All 18 FIFO operations were included in this category.  An interesting finding of the mining operator survey was that when the FIFO operators were asked the question   If the company had its time again, would it go for a traditional town approach? , all FIFO operators replied  No , indicating that  FIFO971  2    all FIFO companies were happy with the decision to go for a FIFO approach to the servicing of their mining operation. When the same question was put to traditional town mining companies, 25 percent responded that they would have seriously considered FIFO if they had their time again. 40 percent of companies stated that they would not have adopted a FIFO approach to their operation if they had their time again, and the remainder did not answer the question, probably as the question was not relevant (eg an established town already existed near the mining operation when the operation commenced production). The personal attitudes to FIFO survey that was completed by FIFO employees broadly indicated that FIFO employees favourably support the FIFO approach. There were positive indications from the individual survey results that this group go out of their way to seek employment at a FIFO operation, would seek another FIFO job in the future, would have family support for seeking another FIFO job, like FIFO as it gives them more time for hobbies and recreation and found that family relationships, if anything, are enhanced by FIFO. The results of the survey of the State Department of Minerals and Energy in Western Australia raised the question of health related issues resulting from extended shifts and compressed working schedules in FIFO mining operations. Extended shifts led to tiredness, especially near the end of a shift. Also, Threshold Level Values (TLVs) for exposure to contaminants are based on normal eight hour working shifts. One Western Australian government official stated that extended shifts in underground mines are only allowed where there is sufficient ventilation to dilute contaminants to lower then TLV levels. Unions do not appear to be happy with the FIFO approach to mining operations. On the one hand they accept that a large portion of their membership are supportive of FIFO mining operations and some orebodies, especially small gold orebodies, cannot be mined economically any other way, but on the other hand, they pointed out that FIFO operations have little record of providing employee training, questions need to be addressed with regards to exposures to hazardous contaminants over extended shifts and compressed working schedules, it is too early to say whether FIFO creates a stable permanent work force at a mine site and questions on social disruptions to family life need to be addressed. It has been pointed out that the FIFO system disadvantages unions in communicating with their members. With extended shifts, and some members on rotation at home, it is very difficult for union meetings to be arranged and attended.  The Updated Survey  An updated and extended survey of the impact of FIFO mining operations on the Australian mining industry was circulated during 1996. The survey consisting of several sections was sent to five key groups that are part of the Australian mining industry. These groups were mining operators (both traditional town and FIFO operations), FIFO mining employees, state mines departments, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy (AusIMM) branches and unions. Mining Operators Three questionnaires were prepared to survey opinions. The main survey related to the company situation. This company survey was sent to both FIFO and traditional town based mining operations to determine the differences between the two types of operations. FIFO Employees A second and third survey was also sent to FIFO mining operations. The second survey was for individuals such as non-professional and award workers, whilst the third survey was for professional employees of the company. The results of these surveys are discussed in the individual FIFO employee section of this paper. State Government Departments of Mines and Energy A questionnaire was also prepared for the State Departments of Mines/Minerals and Energy of Western Australia and Queensland and the Northern Territory to gauge their views on FIFO. AusIMM Branches AusIMM branches were asked to respond to a letter aimed at gauging attitudes of AusIMM members to FIFO mining operations. AusIMM branches were also asked to detail how FIFO affects their members participation in branch activities. The results of these surveys are discussed in the section of this paper entitled  The Implication of FIFO on Professional Career Development . Relevant Trade Unions A letter was also prepared for trade unions that cover the work force of mining operations to gauge their views on FIFO. No trade unions responded to the letter.  Results of the Company Survey  Approximately 100 mining operations were approached to complete the company survey and 48 operations responded. This was considered a good response considering the size of the survey that was circulated (17-pages). A breakdown of the responses indicated: 1 33 mining operations was serviced by a nearby town  FIFO971  3    2 3 4  14 operations were FIFO and 1 operation was bus-in bus-out 20 operations were solely producers of gold bullion and 7 operations were solely producers of coal 25 operations were open cut, 12 were underground and 11 were both open cut and underground  Tables 1 and 2 are summaries of the responses of the 15 FIFO operations and 33 Non-FIFO operations respectively. The tables include data on the characteristics of each mining operation final mine product, mining method, annual production, expected mine life (based on present reserves), probability of mine life extension, number. of 1996 employees and the work force distribution grouped by professionals, non-professionals and contractors. The company survey revealed that in most cases several key reasons were associated with the decision to adopt either a FIFO or a traditional town based operation. The majority of FIFO mining operations expressed the views that the reduced capital requirements for the FIFO arrangement was the main factor in the decision to operate a FIFO mining operation. Some mines stated that there was simply no option between the FIFO and a non-FIFO approach to the operation as the ore reserve was not economic if a town had to be constructed near the mine site. Several other factors were identified by FIFO mining operations as contributing to the decision to adopt a FIFO approach to their mining operation such as the potential to attract a higher quality work force, the ability to control the shift start-times of employees when at the mine site and a reduction in the absenteeism problem that is experienced at many town based mining operations. Traditional town based mining operations responded to the question of why they did not adopt a FIFO arrangement to service their mine by stating that either an existing town was already established near the mine site when the mine was developed or the mining town that was constructed to service their operation was established before FIFO was a recognised project development option, and that if the ore resource was discovered today, FIFO may have been considered. When nonFIFO mining operations were asked the question  If the company had its time again, would it consider going for a FIFO approach? , 30 out of 33 companies responded, with six mines replying that they would  seriously consider  such an option, six mines replying they  would consider  such an option, one mine replying that they  would not consider  such an option and 17 mines replying with  not relevant  (ie the mine site is located near an already established town). When FIFO mining operations were asked the same question, all but one operation responded that they  would not  change their decision to adopt a FIFO approach to their mine. A bus-in bus-out operation in Western Australia replied that they would  quite likely  change their decision to adopt a FIFO arrangement if they had their time again. An attempt was made to determine the impact that living in remote locations has on employee motivation and family social problems. The FIFO companies generally responded that FIFO is a positive influence on employee motivation, employees can however get tired on long rostered on periods and FIFO is very difficult for employees with young children and when illness occurs in the family when on roster at the mine site. The remote town based operations (10 mines) responded that particular social problems identified were the lack of high quality schooling, the retention of high quality teachers and the lack of jobs for school leavers in single industry mining towns. FIFO operations more often than not believed that the ability to attract a higher quality work force to their operation was a positive aspect of FIFO, however, this view was not unanimous. Some traditional town based mining operations claimed that they were more able to attract prospective employees to their operations than FIFO operators. There was general agreement amongst FIFO operators that high rates of pay and the ability to spend days off in capital cities or regional capitals was the main attraction to the FIFO lifestyle. It was also generally agreed that prospective employees with young families were less attracted to the FIFO lifestyle. Mining town based operations believed that prospective employees were more attracted to work at their operations because of the daily family contact that resulted from employees families living near the mine site. Only six FIFO operations responded that they could quantify their professional employee turn-over rates, with the highest rate being 60 percent per annum and the lowest being nil in the previous 12 months. The non-professional employee turn-over rates of these operations ranged from the highest rate of 90 percent to the lowest of only two employees in the previous 12 months. No FIFO operations were aware of any industry wide data that detailed employee turn-over rates in FIFO operations. Twenty-four traditional town based mining operations replied that they could quantify their professional employee turn-over rates. Within the previous 12 months the highest turn-over rate recorded was 30 percent per annum, the lowest nil and the average turn-over rate was approximately 20 percent per annum. Twenty-two mining town based operations replied that they could also quantify their non-professional employee turn-over rates. The highest rate recorded was 28 percent, the lowest nil with the average at 18 percent. The majority of traditional town based mining companies replied that they were unaware of data that was available from industry organisations that detailed professional and non-professional turn-over rates in the various mining industry sectors. It could be concluded that labour turn-over rates at FIFO operations are generally much higher than those at town based mining operations. However it must be concluded that only a small amount of data was available for analysis. Employee training levels at both FIFO and non-FIFO mining operations were hard to compare, as many different training level measuring systems are currently being used in the mining industry.  FIFO971  4    Table 1  Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Mining Operation Final Mine Product/s Gold Bullion Gold Bullion Copper Cathode Gold Bullion Gold Bullion Gold Bullion Gold Bullion Gold Bullion Gold Bullion Cu & Au Conc. Gold Bullion, Cu Conc. Gold Bullion Gold Bullion Gold Bullion Cu, Zn, Ag & Au Conc. Mine Type O/C & U/G O/C & U/G O/C O/C O/C O/C O/C O/C & U/G U/G U/G O/C O/C O/C U/G U/G  Summary of Company Survey Data for FIFO Mines  Expected Mine Life (Present Reserves) 9 years 15 years 10 years 1 year 3 years 2 years 3 years 8 years 7 years 5 years 1 year 3 years 6 years 3-5 years 8 years Probability of Mine Life Extension High Very High Very High Very High High High Very High High High High High High High Very High Moderate No. of Employees (1996) 337 450 140 130 133 150 370 372 235 320 92 26 300 160 350 Prof. 9 5 20 20 N/A 15 10 18 14 10 16 13 9 10 N/A Workforce Distribution (%) Non-Prof. Contractors 56 35 20 75 40 40 50 30 N/A N/A 20 65 30 60 40 42 22 64 60 30 76 11 32 57 21 70 15 75 N/A N/A  Annual Production 210,000oz Au 180,000oz Au 9,500t Cu 60,000oz Au 70,000oz Au 42,500oz Au 250,000oz Au 200,000oz Au N/A N/A 155,000oz Au 40,000oz Au 240,000oz Au 50,000oz Au 900,000t ore  Table 2  Mining Operation Name Final Mine Product/s Mine Type 1 Crushed Iron Ore O/C 2 Zn, Pb, Cu, Ag, Au Conc. U/G 3 Tin Conc. U/G 4 Coking and Thermal Coal O/C 5 Cu, Pb & Ag Metal, Zn Conc. U/G 6 Gold O/C & U/G 7 Coking and Thermal Coal O/C & U/G 8 Copper & Zinc Conc. U/G 9 Gold Dore Bar, Copper Conc. U/G 10 Kaolin, Bauxite, Calcinated Bauxite O/C 11 Base Metal Concentrates U/G 12 Gold Bars O/C & U/G 13 Crushed Bauxite, Alumina O/C 14 Uranium Oxide Powder O/C 15 Gold Bullion O/C & U/G 16 Coking Coal, ULV Coal O/C 17 Copper Cathode O/C 18 Coal O/C 19 Coal O/C & U/G 20 Gold Bars O/C & U/G 21 Pb, Zn, Ag Ore U/G 22 Pb & Zn Conc. O/C & U/G 23 Crushed & Washed Magnesite O/C 24 Gold Bullion O/C 25 Gold Dore Bullion O/C 26 Cu, Pb & Zn Conc. U/G 27 Sinter Fines ( Iron Ore) O/C 28 Coking Coal O/C 29 Washed Coal (Thermal Wear O/C Coking) 30 Gold Bullion O/C & U/G 31 Gold Dore Bullion O/C 32 Gold & Silver Dore Bullion O/C 33 Coal O/C  Summary of Company Survey Data for Non-FIFO Mines  Expected Mine Life (Present Reserves) 35 years left 6 years 12 years 30 years >30 years N/A >25 years Closing 31/7/96 6 years N/A 4 years 1 year 40 years 10 years 20 years 15 years 5 years >15 years +20 years 22 years (open cut) < 5 years 15 years 30 years 2-3 years 7 - 8 years 3 years < 30 years < 15 years 15 - 20 years 3 years 3 years 4 years +20 years Probability of Mine Life Extension Moderate Very High Moderate Moderate High N/A Very High Very Low Very High Moderate Low Moderate Moderate Very High High Moderate Very High High Moderate Very High High Low Very High High High N/A High High High Moderate Very High Moderate High No. of Employees (1996) 1400 370 295 510 3000 570 550 70 70 760 216 100 1150 180 190 490 100 386 503 1 100 250 800 66 N/A 45 - 50 190 735 606 497 185 100 164 1140 Prof. 8 10 12 25 30 35 20 26 N/A N/A 39 20 25 40 18 7 15 24 20 30 20 39 6 25 15 20 N/A 10 22 10 10 7 20 Workforce Distribution (%) Non-Prof. Contractors 78 14 80 10 71 17 75 0 60 10 35 30 70 10 74 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 46 15 30 50 25 50 60 0 27 55 93 0 30 55 76 0 71 9 30 40 75 5 60 1 44 50 25 50 30 50 70 10 N/A N/A 90 0 68 10 30 20 38 80 60 67 55 0  Annual Production 27Mt 570,000t ore 8,200t tin in conc. 5.0Mt N/A N/A 2.8Mt 280,000t ore 250kt ore, 45000oz Au 8Mt Bauxite 362,000t ore 60,000oz Au 6.5Mt Bauxite 3,000t Uranium Oxide 150,000oz Au 4.5Mt 15,000t Cu 2.8Mt 4.35Mt 700,000oz Au 1.2Mt ore 2.6Mt ore 270,000t 1.3Mt ore, 75000oz Au 85000 - 95000oz Au 500,000t ore 28Mt ore 5.0 - 5.5Mt 4.4Mt 100,000oz Au 80,000 - 110,000oz Au 230,000oz Au 11Mtpa  FIFO971  5    Table 3 shows the non-professional and professional rosters that were being utilised at the 15 FIFO mining operations that responded to the survey. It was established that a two weeks on/ one week off roster is the most popular with 66 percent of employees currently working under this arrangement. Table 3 Mine Name 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Non-professional and professional employee rosters at FIFO mines Professional Employee Rosters 9 days on/5 days off 2 wks on/1 wk off 5 days on/2 days off to 2 wks on/1 wk off 2 wks on/1 wk off 10 days on/4 days off 2 wks on, 1 wk off 9 days on/5 days off or 5 days on/2 days off or 4 days on/3 days off 2 wks on/1 wk off 2 wks on/1 wk off 2 wks on/1 wk off 7 days on/7 days off 2 wks on/1 wk off 4 wks on/1 wk off or 2 wks on/1 wk off 2 wks on/1 wk off N/A 2 wks on/1 wk off 5 days on/2 days off or 9 days on/5 days off 5 days on/2days off 5 days on/2 days off then 4 days on/3 days off 2 wks on/1 wk off 2 wks on/1 wk off 2 wks on/1 wk off N/A  Non-Professional Employee Rosters 2 wks on/1wk off or 9 days on/5 days off 6 wks/1 wk off 2 wks on/1 wk off to 6 wks on/1 wk off 1 wk on/1 wk off 2 wks on/1 wk off 2 wks on/1 wk off or 3 wks on/1 wk off 2 wks on/1 wk off or 9 days on/5 days off  FIFO operations generally believe that their employees are more productive than equivalent employees based at traditional mining town operations. This view is held mainly due to the fact that FIFO operations believe that the utilisation of 12 hour shifts is more productive. The most popular 12 hour shift roster system utilised by FIFO mines was two weeks on and one week off. Traditional town based operations also generally believed that their employees are more productive than equivalent FIFO employees despite the use of far less 12 hour shift roster systems. Some FIFO operations believed that it was easier to obtain environmental approval for their project, due to the reduced environmental disturbance associated with not constructing a town to service their mine. FIFO operations that were located near aboriginal sacred sites also believed that local aboriginal people were more willing to approve projects due to the reduced disturbance associated with not constructing a town.  Results of the Government Survey  The Western Australian Department of Minerals and Energy (Torlach, 1996) responded to the survey. He stated that the WA Governments views on FIFO have not change significantly since the 1990 University of Queensland FIFO Survey. The Department does not like extremely long work periods, for example 13 weeks on and 1 week off. The government will warn mines that employ greater than 6 weeks on and 1 week off to change their roster. Concerns were raised that there are not enough statistics available on safety performances under compressed work schedules with about10 recorded incidents of FIFO employees falling asleep while operating mobile equipment over the last 12 months. It was also acknowledged that FIFO tends to continue to promote high centralisation which is against the government \'s development goals, although the WA government wishes to keep out of having to provide mining town infrastructure costs. The WA government displayed concern in the 1990 FIFO survey that Threshold Level Values (TLVs) for exposure to contaminants are based on normal eight hour working shifts. One Western Australian government official stated that extended shifts in underground mines are only allowed where there is sufficient ventilation to dilute contaminants to lower than TLV levels. A series of guidelines have recently been released by the Western Australian Chamber of Minerals and Energy that detail how to effectively manage mine employees \' exposures to contaminants. Key points are that mine operators should: 1. Engineer out exposures as far as is reasonably practicable. 2. Determine task characteristics and establish exposure parameters.  FIFO971  6    3. 4. 5. 6.  Adopt the ALARA (As Low As Reasonably Achievable) principle where exposures constitute a health hazard. Develop multi-skilling to enable job rotation. Provide appropriate protective equipment when all other approaches have not eliminated the exposure. Provide training to ensure control measures are understood and acted upon.  The Updated Individual Survey  All FIFO mining operations sent a company survey also received 30 individual employee survey sheets for distribution. Twenty of these surveys were aimed at non-professional employees while the other ten surveys included four additional questions that were aimed at professional FIFO employees. Personal details of each survey respondent were obtained to assist in the analysis of different FIFO employee groups (such as married and single groups) and the following questions were then asked of each FIFO employee surveyed (with employees asked to respond to each question with an answer on a scale of one to ten, with one being  completely disagree , five  impartial  and ten  completely agree ). (a) I selected this job because I personally like the FIFO arrangement (b) I selected this job because my family like the FIFO arrangement (c) I would have applied for the same position in a traditional mining town environment (d) My immediate family relationships have been seriously disadvantaged by my FIFO arrangements (e) I like the FIFO arrangement because it gives me time for hobbies and recreational activities (f) I find that FIFO arrangements are a major personal interference to community activities such as church, education and sport (g) I find that FIFO arrangements are a major family interference to community activities such as church, education and sport (h) If I change jobs, I will actively seek another FIFO operation (i) If I change jobs, my family would fully support me in seeking out employment at another FIFO operation The following four additional questions were asked of all professional FIFO employees. (Analysis of responses to these questions is included within the professional career development section of this paper): (j) I feel that FIFO enhances my ability to be undertaking formal advanced study (eg part-time university) (k) I feel that FIFO enhances my ability to interact with other professionals and participate in activities of professional societies (eg AusIMM, IEAust) (l) I feel that I gain more professional satisfaction from employment at a FIFO mine, rather than a traditional operation (m) I feel that there are benefits to overlapping with professional (equivalent) colleagues on other rosters A total of 227 FIFO employees completed individual questionnaire, with 107 of these being professionals. Table 4 shows the frequency of response from for each question and the total survey responses for each question. There did not appear to be any significant differences in the responses given by survey respondents when grouped by marital status, age groups, roster type and whether respondents have children. This leads to the conclusion that attitudes to FIFO are generally similar across different categories of FIFO employees. There is evidence that a large number of FIFO employees like the FIFO arrangement. Also a large number of employees stated that they are impartial to this question. This may be expected as many people will consider that FIFO is  just another job . A large portion (approximately 30 percent) of the survey respondents believe that their family categorically do not like the FIFO employment arrangement. Another significant proportion of the respondents were impartial to this question possibly due to the fact that single people don \'t have a wife and children who can like or dislike FIFO. Frequency for each Question (a) (b) (c) (d) (e) (f) (g) (h) (i) (j) (k) (l) (m) 24 62 63 57 32 39 46 24 23 24 24 17 11 6 4 11 18 13 13 12 9 2 12 13 4 3 6 9 11 26 12 16 16 12 13 9 11 8 2 2 9 15 10 5 7 5 7 7 5 6 6 2 67 74 40 48 35 57 77 71 64 29 38 38 27 12 5 9 9 10 12 13 6 3 6 1 5 8 23 12 13 10 21 19 8 14 16 5 6 7 11 23 13 14 14 26 21 15 23 16 8 4 7 15 5 0 2 2 6 4 2 7 7 1 0 5 6 59 18 47 27 66 37 12 54 59 5 2 10 20 227 206 225 221 226 225 206 227 210 104 105 107 105 Table 4 Frequency of each response for each question  Response 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Total  Twenty eight percent of employees surveyed would definitely not seek employment at a traditional town based mining operation while 22 percent of surveyed employees definitely would seek employment at a town based mining operation.  FIFO971  7    A large proportion of FIFO employees believe that their families have not been seriously disadvantages by their commute employment with 26 percent of respondents completely disagreeing with question (d). The majority of FIFO employees agree that on periods away from the mine, the opportunity to adequately pursue certain hobbies and other recreational activities exists. It is clear from the survey responses that FIFO employees generally believe that their families are not prevented from participating in community activities due to the fact that they are permanently based in a regional or state capital city. Twenty four percent of respondents stated that they would definitely seek employment at another FIFO operation if they changed jobs, whilst only ten percent of FIFO employees totally disagreed. This indicates that there is evidence that the majority of FIFO employees would seek another FIFO job. The analysis of survey responses also shows that FIFO employees families would also generally be supportive of further employment in other FIFO operations.  The Split Viewpoint Hypothesis  It can clearly be seen when histograms are drawn for responses from one to ten for each question (as in the histogram for question (a) as shown in figure 1) that the shape of each questions histogram is tri-modal. This means that there is a significant peak in each question histogram at the responses of one, five and ten. It is quite clear from the tri-modal shape of each graph that a large portion of FIFO workers either greatly dislikes, is impartial to or greatly likes FIFO.  F r e q u e n c y D i st r i b u t i o n - Q u e st i o n (a )  70 60 50 Frequency 40 30 20 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Q u e s t i o n Re s p o n s e  Figure 1  Histogram of Responses for Question (a)  The tri-modal nature of responses to FIFO employment may be an explanation for the high turn-over rates that are experienced at most FIFO operations. When a FIFO operation is established, a large pool of city based workers are initially employed by the operation and begin to commute to the mine generally working compressed work schedules. Initially, and as emphasised by the tri-modal nature of responses to FIFO employment, a significant number of employees find that they greatly dislike FIFO, another significant percentage of employees are impartial to FIFO and a significant number of employees will greatly like their FIFO employment. The employees that greatly dislike the FIFO nature of the operation will tend to leave the operation soon after commencement of their employment. Labour turn-over rates will therefore be high in the first few years of the operation. As new employees take up the positions of those that resign in the first few years of the operation, the new employee population response will also be tri-modal and thus a significant number of these employees will also resign after a short time period working at the FIFO operation. It is therefore expected that the high labour turn-over rates will slowly reduce as the percentage of employees that greatly like the FIFO arrangement increases over the life of the mine. Thus, labour turn-over rates are expected to stabilise after a few years. There is evidence that this has occurred in the longer established FIFO mines that are operating in Canada. Two well established Australian FIFO mines, the Argyle diamond mine and Red Dome gold mine, have consistently experienced low turn-over rates for many years. However, in the short life (less than five years) FIFO mining operations that are established to develop small gold deposits, labour turn-over rates may not stabilise before the mine ceases production. There are no doubt other reasons why FIFO operations generally have such high labour turn-over rates. It is clear that the work roster greatly influences the labour turn-over rate, with the Argyle diamond mine and Red Dome gold mine, which utilise symmetrical rosters of (14 days on/14 days off) and (7 days on/7 days off) respectively, experiencing very low labour turn-over rates. FIFO operators must weigh up the benefits of the perceived reduced labour turn-over associated with employing a symmetrical roster (meaning that workers are only utilised 50 per cent of the time) over employing an unsymmetrical roster (such as two weeks on/one week off) under which employees are utilised a greater percentage of the time and consequentially a smaller total workforce is required. The quality of the accommodation that is provided on the mine site to FIFO employees appears also to be an important factor in retaining employees. The costs associated with building different quality mine site camps/hostels over the costs associated with the differing labour turn-over associated with different quality  FIFO971  8    accommodation may be worthy of examination. Other factors such as the relationship between workers and management, the level of multi-skilling and job rotation performed on site and the remuneration levels of employees contribute to the degree of labour turn-over on any mine site. Consequently, it is difficult to establish a direct quantifiable link between turn-over rates, FIFO shift rosters and the quality of the camp/hostel on the mine site. It is evident that low labour turn-over rates are far more crucial in underground mining, due to the greater demands for the retention of the skilled labour that are needed to sustain high underground mining productivity levels. Some people would claim that it is relatively easy to train a new employee to drive a haul truck or operate a loader and more difficult to train a new employee to operate a drilling jumbo or a continuous miner efficiently.  The Implication of FIFO on Professional Career Development  Several AusIMM branches were approached with the goal being to obtain individual branch views on FIFO and how it affects their AusIMM member \'s professional career development. The following were put to branches: 1. Attitudes to FIFO mining operations as opposed to the traditional town concept. 2. Attitudes to future FIFO mining developments. 3. Do members believe that FIFO enhances ability to be undertaking formal advanced study (eg part-time university)? 4. Do members believe that FIFO enhances ability to interact with other professionals and participate in activities of AusIMM branches such as technical sessions and social functions? 5. Do members feel that they gain more professional satisfaction from employment at a FIFO mine than a traditional operation? 6. Do members feel that there are benefits to overlapping with professional (equivalent) colleagues on other rosters at FIFO operations? 7. What problems now and in the future are seen for the professional and AusIMM activities if more FIFO mining operations are developed? Results of Questions to AusIMM Branches Twelve AusIMM branches and/or Branch representative members responded to the survey. There was a general feeling that due to simple project economics FIFO is here to stay. Views as to the social ramifications of FIFO were expressed by several respondents, although generally attitudes were similar to those expressed in the results of the company survey. The survey respondents unanimously agreed that FIFO mining operations would continue to be developed where remote ore reserves are discovered. One respondent stated that companies would have to accept the high labour turn-over rates that are associated with FIFO in order to reduce the up-front development capital costs associated with mining projects. Several respondents believed that FIFO enhances professional mining employees ability to undertake formal advanced study. This is due to the fact that whilst at the mine site there is little else to do in times off shift. However, with twelve hour shifts there is little time to study. Fly-out times can be spent studying, and university resources, such as libraries, can be accessed more easily. It is evident that FIFO rosters are the main influence on the ability of FIFO professionals to pursue further advanced study. With unsymmetrical shifts it is evident that extensive formal advanced study would be difficult. The overwhelming majority of respondents believed that FIFO did not enhance the ability of professional employees to participate in AusIMM branch activities. This is due to the fact that FIFO employees are absent from branch based towns for a large proportion of AusIMM activities due to compressed work schedules. Some respondents stated that attendance at AusIMM activities was only possible in fly-out periods and thus the roster of the employees dictated the number of AusIMM branch meetings and activities that could be attended each year. It is also believed that increasing numbers of FIFO employees are choosing to have homes outside city areas such as in coastal resort communities an hour or two travel time from major urban centres. These people face an additional disincentive to attending city AusIMM branch meetings in their fly-out roster times. A large proportion of respondents stated professional satisfaction from employment at a FIFO mine was no different to that of a traditional town based mine. However, the high turn-over rates associated with FIFO can provide better promotional prospects for professionals and after work socialising (that is more extensive than occurs in traditional town based operations where the employees go home to their families) can result in thorough discussions of technical issues that may lead to a high degree of professional satisfaction. There was general agreement from the survey respondents that there are benefits to overlapping with professional (equivalent) colleagues on other rosters in FIFO operations. The possibility of personality conflicts between equivalent colleagues on overlapping shifts could cause problems, but this is obviously a management challenge. There was general agreement among the survey respondents that more FIFO mining operations may lead to less involvement by mining professionals in AusIMM branch activities and meetings. Four of the questions asked in the individual FIFO employee survey were aimed at professional employees and aspects of professional development. It became clear from the analysis of these questions that the majority of FIFO professional employees believe that the commute style of their employment is a hindrance to pursuing further formal advanced study, FIFO professionals don \'t gain any more or any less professional satisfaction from a FIFO operation over a town based mining operation, FIFO employment hinders interaction with other professionals through organisations such as the AusIMM and FIFO professionals generally believe that they can obtain professional satisfaction from overlapping with equivalent colleagues on other rosters. These individual professional employee responses thus paralleled AusIMM branch replies.  FIFO971  9    The Queensland Coal Industry  The FIFO approach to servicing mining operations has become well established in the metalliferous mining sector. This same approach is now becoming the chosen project development option for several coal mining companies in Queensland \'s Bowen Coal Basin. It is understood that Arco Australia Inc. looked at developing a FIFO approach to the servicing of their new Gordonstone mine in the late 1980s. Although the proposed Gordonstone mine was near to the already established town of Emerald, a study was performed on the feasibility of flying workers from Brisbane to service the mine with a FIFO system. A decision was finally made to construct additional housing in Emerald to accommodate the Gordonstone work force and it is believed that an important factor in this decision was political pressure that was placed on the company. In the early 1990s a decision was made to adopt a bus-in bus-out approach to the servicing of the North Goonyella underground longwall coal mining operation. At about the same time the Ensham coal mining operation made a similar decision. Portman Ltd. are currently proceeding with the Burton Coal mine that will be bus-in bus-out from Mackay. However, Shell Coal Australia have recently made the decision to extend the town of Moranbah to accommodate its work force for the new Moranbah North underground longwall coal mining operation. Interviews were conducted with staff of the North Goonyella coal mine (Flannery, 1996) and the Moranbah North coal mine (Stay, 1996) to determine reasons why these two mines have taken differing domicile options for their employees. The North Goonyella FIFO Operation The North Goonyella mine is located between the existing mining towns of Moranbah and Glendon and is operated by White Mining Ltd. The Moranbah township services the BHP mines of Peak Downs and Goonyella/Riverside. The Glendon township services the Newlands \' coal mine operated by MIM Holdings. Several project development options were initially considered for the North Goonyella mine including extension of the towns of either Glendon or Moranbah to accommodate the North Goonyella work force. Both options involved the considerations of road, pipeline and dam construction costs. An economic analysis determined that the cheaper project development option was to extend the town of Glendon. A survey was undertaken to determine whether a suitable work force could be found that would be willing to be based in Glendon. The survey indicated that the North Goonyella mine would have considerable difficulty in attracting a quality work force to its operation if the employees and their families were based in Glendon. The bus-in bus-out of Mackay option was then seriously considered as it was also indicated in the survey that skilled mine workers would be willing to be based in Mackay and commute to the mine site for compressed working schedules. The Newlands \' mine at that stage was experiencing some financial difficulty. There was a perception that operations at Newlands may be terminated within the next decade. The North Goonyella management came to the conclusion that considerable risk was associated with extending the town of Glendon as if the Newlands \' mine did close they would be left to manage a virtual ghost town. Consequently, a decision was made to adopt a bus-in bus-out arrangement for the servicing of the mining operation. The North Goonyella management took a considerable risk in adopting this approach to the servicing of the mine. Several new underground coal mines are currently coming into production in Central Queensland and thus if North Goonyella mine employees were not happy with the FIFO approach they may have left the mining operation  in droves  to take up employment at other coal mines. The original shift roster was six daily nine hour shifts followed by three days off in Mackay. This roster was perceived by management to be the most productive. It was considered that in the last few hours of a twelve hour shift underground employees, particularly in development, would become tired and unproductive due to the very labour intensive nature of development coal mining. Mining workers pressured the company into adopting a four days on/four days off shift roster to allow rostered employees to spend four out of every eight days in Mackay. This involved the adoption of 12 hour working shifts which the company and the unions were against at the time due to issues such as safety and productivity. Despite opposition from North Goonyella management and union officials, the 4 x 12 hour shift roster was adopted after a Coal Industry Tribunal hearing due to its roster being the favoured option of mine employees. Two options were given to prospective North Goonyella employees when they were offered positions with the company. Option one was employees could live in Glendon with the company providing a house at  30/week. One mine employee currently utilises this option. The other option was that employees can live where they like with the company providing a bus from Mackay to/from the mine at the start and end of each roster period. The company also provides a  150/week rent subsidy for the first six months of employment to allow employees to decide where they want to live with the company then providing  5000/year for ten years to each employee to assist in mortgage payments. North Goonyella also provides free accommodation and meals at the mine site for the four days compressed working schedule. Results of the North Goonyella Experience (Flannery, 1996) stated that reduced capital cost associated with the FIFO option was not the most important factor in the decision to adopt this approach. Profitability of underground coal mining is particularly sensitive to the level of production per annum and thus production rates are the key to a successful coal mining operation. The retention of highly skilled underground mining employees is crucial to the success of the North Goonyella operation. The mine faces a number of technical challenges. The longwall is mining a 4.5 m thick coal seam (an extraction thickness which is high by world  FIFO971  10    standards), roof and floor conditions are poor, the coal is relatively soft and several faults have been encountered in the mining process which have led to roof falls. A group of 260 were originally employed to operate the mine. However, due to the difficult ground conditions experienced underground, a work force of 350 employees is currently required. The same coal mine under good conditions may require approximately 200 employees for the same output. It is crucial to have experienced mining crews operating the mine to minimise stoppages associated with problems such as roof falls. The employee turn-over rate to date has been about 1 percent per annum. This is considered to be low by industry standards. However quantification of turn-over rates for underground coal mining operations in Queensland is very difficult. The low North Goonyella turn-over rate can be directly associated with the FIFO arrangement for servicing of the mine. A recent survey of spouses of the mine employees has shown that the wives and children of the workers are generally very happy with living in Mackay and a move back to a Central Queensland mining town would be very unpopular. The mine has a small office in Mackay where some technical staff are based. A company vehicle makes the drive to the mine on most days to commute technical staff to and from the mine. With the short travel time to the mine from Mackay (about two hours), if a family member of a mine employee becomes ill while the employee is rostered on at the mine site, a company car is made available for the employee to commute back to Mackay. The absentee rate associated with the mine is about the same as a town based coal mine, with workers who are sick at the start of their rostered time on being driven out to the mine when they recover, conditional on availability of a vehicle. It was thought that 12 hour shifts may lead to accidents in the last few hours of each shift due to tiredness. The evidence shows that this is not the case with most accidents happening at the start of roster periods. The longwall production at the mine to date has been to expectation while the development rate has been below that required to keep ahead of the longwall and thus additional development continuous miner and shuttle car units have been required. (Flannery, 1996) expressed the views that 12 hour shifts are partly responsible for the slow development advancement rates although the main contributing factors are the major technical problems of poor ground conditions and faulting. The North Moranbah Project Development Decision The Moranbah North underground longwall coal mine will be developed approximately 12 km north of the existing Moranbah township. It was decided to locate the planned work force of 180 employees in the town of Moranbah which will be extended at a cost of approximately  54 million dollars. This is in comparison to the  16 million spent by the North Goonyella operation on their mine camp which accommodates a work force of 320. The two alternatives that were looked at by Shell in relation to the domicile of the Moranbah North work force and their families were to build a conventional coal mining  town  as an extension of the existing Moranbah community with families domiciled permanently in Moranbah or to domicile families in a larger regional centre (eg Mackay) and bus employees in and out of the mine. Stay (1996) gave the following summary of major points that emerged from the company analysis of work force domicile alternatives: 1. Most recent metalliferous developments particularly in Western Australia have utilised a FIFO system. In many cases this has been combined with the implementation of a 12 hour shift roster. These locations are geographically extremely isolated. 2. The most common rosters used by commute operations are  even time , that is, employees have equal numbers of days at work and days off. Rosters which require longer periods of attendance at work away from families and shorter breaks tend to result in a high turnover of labour. 3. Since FIFO operations are frequently combined with extended hours of work (eg 12 hour shifts), it is difficult to isolate the degree to which safety and productivity performance are affected by the commute aspect of the operation. 4. It was well known that senior North Goonyella management had given evidence to the Coal Industry Tribunal that from a purely business perspective the optimum arrangement for North Goonyella was a seven day roster of nine hour shifts with the work force domiciled in Glendon or Moranbah. 5. The FIFO commute option was chosen for North Goonyella on the basis that the possibility of living in a coastal town (Mackay) combined with extended periods of leisure time could attract labour to the operation. 6. Commute may be appropriate for North Goonyella because of the finally agreed 12 hour shift roster and the relatively isolated location (45 minutes drive to Glenden, further to Moranbah given the existing roads). 7. Unlike the North Goonyella mine, the Moranbah North site is extremely close to an established community being 12 km from Moranbah. This proximity presents a number of difficulties for a FIFO operation with a  village  to accommodate the work force on site. An enclave of this kind is likely to be resented by Moranbah community which would perceive the Moranbah North work force as  outsiders  who were not contributing to the community. Moranbah \'s business community would be deprived of the extra demand that would be generated if the families of the Moranbah North work force were permanently domiciled in the town. 8. At this stage the implementation of a 12 hour shift is not contemplated at Moranbah North. A natural consequence of any other roster is that the work force will spend more days rostered on than rostered off. Therefore the commute option will not be attractive to potential employees, who will be required to be absent from their homes for extended periods of time. 9. Unions would be likely to have some concerns about a FIFO operation .  FIFO971  11    Summary of the FIFO approach to Queensland Coal Mines Underground coal mines are very sensitive to the level of production per annum and production rates are the key to a successful coal mine. The North Goonyella operation hope to achieve high production rates by the retention of a highly skilled work force at the expense of the best perceived 6 by 9 hour shift roster and thus the FIFO approach to the servicing of the mine was adopted. The Moranbah North operation considers that utilisation of the best possible roster system to maximise work force productivity is the way to achievement of high production rates. The company has decided to domicile their Moranbah North work force near the mine site so that they can utilise a 21 day, 4 panel 7 day roster). The two operations will be mining the same coal seam in relatively close proximity and over time it may be seen which operation has taken the most appropriate project development option for their underground coal mining operation.  Conclusions and Recommendations  The FIFO approach to the servicing of mining operations is well established in Australia. The overwhelming majority of FIFO operations remain pleased with their decision to adopt this approach. There is some evidence (although based only on a small amount of data from FIFO operations) that labour turn-over rates at some FIFO operations may be higher than those at town based mining operations. Several FIFO operations, however, have been successful in retaining a high percentage of their work force over the long term. These operations generally operate a symmetrical shift roster for mine employees and expend high capital sums to develop a high quality mine camp/hostel for employees at the mine site. Concern has been expressed that FIFO is a major barrier to professional employees participating in professional organisations such as the AusIMM. The North Goonyella coal operation, which was the first FIFO operation to be developed in Central Queensland, can be described as very successful in retaining its employees.  Acknowledgment  The authors wish to acknowledge the support and cooperation of the mining operation, mine employees and others who completed surveys as part of the research leading to writing of this paper. They also wish to thank Dr Geoff Just of the University of Queensland for his thoughtful comments and assistance.  References  Gillies ADS, Just G.D. and Hsin Wei Wu, 1991. The Success of Fly-in Fly-out Australian Mining Operations. World Gold 1991, Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy Annual Conference, Melbourne. Flannery, B., 1996. Pers. comm. Stay, T., 1996. Pers. comm. Torlach, J., 1996. Pers. comm. Western Australian Department of Minerals and Energy, 1991. The demography of long distance commuting and regional communities (A regional perspective), Perth  FIFO971  12    ",140);arrFiles[16]=new Array(17,"Papers/1997/1997 - May - 6IMVC explosibility.pdf","2006-01-05","Microsoft Word - PYRITER7.doc","","","Published as: A.D.S. Gillies, Y.S. Yao and P. Golledge, Investigation into the influences of post detonation fumes on the expolsibility of sulphide dust, Proceedings Sixth International Mine Ventilation Congress, Society of Mining Engineers, pp 107-102 May 1997.  PYRITER7.doc23/09/2005  1    The  PYRITE METHOD  as a new approach to determining SULPHIDE ore DUST EXPLOSIon propensity  Y Yao, A D S Gillies and P Golledge  ABSTRACT As a new approach, a system of calculation formulae, named the  Pyrite Method , has been developed to predict the relative explosibility of sulphide ore dusts. The significant advantage of this method is that dust explosion propensity can be calculated from the sulphide ore mineralogical composition without the undertaking of costly and time consuming explosion tests. This method is derived from standard explosion test results on pure or near pure sulphide minerals. Comparative studies on the explosibility of five mine sulphide dust samples confirmed that the predicted results from the  Pyrite Method  were highly compatible with the values from full explosion tests. The analysis of the calculation accuracy also demonstrated that the  Pyrite Method  gives acceptable levels of confidence for a practical mine environment. In developing the approach, five concentrate samples of sulphide minerals and five samples of ore dusts sampled from sulphide orebodies were investigated through experimental study. The mineralogical and chemical composition of the dust samples were analysed by X-ray powder diffraction and atomic absorption techniques. The explosion tests were conducted in a 20 litre Siwek explosion chamber that, due to the number of units in use around the world, many regard as a standard international testing system for conducting dust explosion studies. Derivation of the calculation approaches which form the basis of the method are detailed. Results from actual explosion tests are given and compared with predicted values. INTRODUCTION The aim of the study was to develop a system of calculation formulae, named the  Pyrite Method , to predict the relative explosibility of sulphide ore dusts. The significant advantage of this method is that dust explosion propensity can be calculated from the sulphide ore mineralogical composition without the undertaking of costly and time consuming explosion tests. This method is derived from the results of standard explosion tests on pure or near pure sulphide minerals. Comparative studies on the explosibility of five mine sulphide dust samples are described which confirm that the predicted results from the  Pyrite Method  are highly compatible with the values from full explosion tests. Utilisation of dust explosion testing systems that meet international standards for testing and evaluating the dust behaviour is expensive and time consuming. To provide a simple calculation method for mining engineers and mine safety officers to predict and evaluate the explosibility of sulphide dust, a series of standard tests evaluating explosion indices of five major explosive sulphide minerals were carried out. From these results the relationship between the explosibility and mineralogical composition of the sulphide dust was derived. Comparative study on the explosibility of five sulphide dust samples demonstrated that the  Pyrite Method  is a practical method to predict the relative explosibility of the sulphide dust. ANALYSIS OF MINERALOGICAL COMPOSITION OF SULPHIDE ORE DUST SAMPLES Preparation of Sulphide Dust Samples Five sulphide ores from Australian metalliferous mines designated as mines A, B, C, D and E were collected to allow investigation of sulphide dust explosibility across a range of samples. These mines have all reported significant sulphide dust explosions. In order to investigate the key mineral that controls the explosibility of the sulphide dust, analyses of the explosion characteristic of pure or near pure samples of major explosive sulphides were considered critical. Therefore highly concentrated sulphide minerals of the five major explosive sulphide minerals, namely, pyrite (FeS2), pyrrhotite (Fe1-nS, n = 0 ~ 0.2), sphalerite (ZnS), galena (PbS), and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) were concentrated in mineral processing laboratories. The dust explosion testing system requires a dust sample with a mean particle size of 63 µm and with 90 per cent passing 400 µm. This is a critical requirement in preparing dust samples, as with this mean size, the dust explosibility is considered to be particle size independent (Cesana and Siwek, 1991). To obtain the required dust sample size distribution samples were processed by crushing in three stages. Pulverising then followed in two stages. Laser sizing using a Malvern instrument was undertaken and particle size analyses conducted after each stage of pulverising of the dust sample until the sample reached the required size distribution. The size distribution analysis results for the 10 sulphide samples are listed in Tables 1. TABLE 1 Particle Size Analysis Results for Sulphide Dust Samples Sample Sample 50% Pass Size 90% Pass Type Symbol (µm) Size (µm) µ µ ZnS 9.40 46.71 Concentrated PbS 13.20 45.12 sulphide CuFeS2 28.75 82.14 minerals Fe1-nS 37.43 115.62 FeS2 8.38 58.16 A 13.24 255.22 Sulphide B 37.49 126.99 ore dust C 19.47 163.67 samples D 29.64 117.15 E 31.92 108.32 Analysis of Chemical Composition The percentage sulphur content in the sulphide dust was used as a major diagnostic parameter in evaluating the relative propensities of the sulphide dusts to explode. It is generally accepted that the maximum explosion pressure and maximum rate of pressure rise of a sulphide dust explosion are associated with the sulphur content of the sulphide dust. The higher the sulphur concentration, the higher the probability of a sulphide dust explosion (Wheeland and McKinnon, 1986). Atomic absorption examination results of sulphur content in the samples of sulphide ore and concentrated sulphide minerals are listed in Tables 2.  PYRITER7.doc23/09/2005  2    TABLE 2 Sulphur Contents in Sulphide Samples Sulphide concentrate FeS2 Fe1-nS CuFeS2 ZnS PbS Sulphur Content (%) 42 38 34 32 18 Sulphide ore A B C D E Sulphur Content (%) 32.7 31.6 29.6 36.3 36.7 Examination of Mineralogical Composition A sulphide ore deposit usually made up of several types of minerals, unlike coal which is mainly carbon,. The friability and reactivity of seemingly similar sulphide ores can vary significantly. The same blasting practice can cause a dust explosion in one mine, but not necessarily in others. For this reason, it is worthwhile to investigate the mineralogy of the major sulphide minerals and, thus, to determine the type of sulphide mineral that most influences the dust explosions. Although the sulphur content has been taken as a parameter to predict the explosibility of sulphide dusts, the varying mineral assemblage in different sulphides can have different influences on the explosibility of sulphide dusts. This assumption also leads to the need for analysis and identification of the mineralogical composition. This has been achieved for the samples under study by applying X-ray powder diffraction analysis. The major quantitative analysis results for the sulphide samples are shown in Tables 3. TABLE 3 Mineralogical Composition Contents of Sulphide Samples Sulphide Mineralogical Composition (%,w/w) Sample FeS2 Fe1-nS CuFeS2 ZnS PbS Others ZnS 11.1 79.2 8.5 1.2 PbS 6.4 13.3 73.3 7.0 CuFeS2 4.3 87.2 8.5 Fe1-nS 16.8 55.0 13.2 15 FeS2 64.0 11.3 2.9 6.9 14.9 A 53.2 24.3 2.9 19.6 B 44.0 28.5 0.3 8.4 18.8 C 41.3 14.9 29.5 0.2 14.1 D 54.1 23.8 12.4 9.7 E 57.4 31.1 4.4 7.1 EXPLOSIBILITY STUDY ON THE SULPHIDE MINERAL CONCENTRATES Dust Explosion Testing System The Siwek system used for dust explosion testing is made up of a 20 litre explosion chamber, gas control unit, measurement and control system, dispersion chamber, ignition system, water chiller and vacuum pump system. The explosion chamber was designed by Siwek and Kuhner in 1988 primarily with an aim of obtaining maximum explosion pressure and pressure rise rates in agreement with data from the 1 m3 International Standards Organisation (ISO) vessel. As the 20 litre Siwek explosion sphere provides an acceptable correlation of explosion parameters to the 1 m3 standard ISO vessel, it has been adopted by a number of laboratories internationally for dust explosion testing. The chamber is essentially a scaled version of the 1 m3 ISO vessel. It consists of a stainless steel sphere with a volume of 20 litre and is surrounded by a water jacket that permits a thermostatically controlled temperature. The dust is held in a storage chamber under an air pressure of 2.0 MPa and is dispersed into the partially evacuated sphere through a nozzle. The explosion is initiated by two 5 kJ ignition energy chemical igniters. Undertaking three identical tests at each concentration and five tests at each limit concentration tests repeatability of  PYRITER7.doc23/09/2005  results. Siwek (1982) describes the design and standard method of operation of the chamber for the laboratory determination of dust and gas explosibility. The explosion pressure (Pm) and the rate of pressure rise ((dP/dt)m) are two major indices used to describe the violence of reaction of dust and air mixtures after ignition in the explosion chamber. The maximum explosion pressure (Pmax) and the maximum rate of pressure rise ((dP/dt)max) of the dust are determined by means of tests over a wide range of concentrations. The lower explosive limit (LEL), Pmax and (dP/dt)max are most important indices for risk evaluation of sulphide dust explosions in underground mining. Siwek (1980) describes the research that validated the reliability of the recommended measurement procedure. Within the explosion testing system, the stated measured error or, more correctly, the uncertainty of measurement of the explosion pressure is less than ±10 per cent and that of the rate of pressure rise is less than ±30 per cent. The values of Pm and (dP/dt)m presented in this chapter are averaged values of the testing results at a particular measured dust concentration. Theoretically, the  true value  of Pm lies anywhere between 1.1 and 0.9 times the tested mean value. Similarly, for (dP/dt)m, the  true value  lies anywhere between 1.3 and 0.7 times of the tested value. In addition, as the lower explosive limit (LEL) is determined as the concentration that after three tests repeatedly exhibits a defined change in explosion pressure, its uncertainty of measurement is the same as that of explosion pressure, that is ±10 per cent. As there is no practical method to determine the  true values  of LEL, Pm, Pmax, (dP/dt)m and (dP/dt)max, the averaged testing results, or the tested mean values, were taken to represent the values of LEL, Pm, Pmax, (dP/dt)m and (dP/dt)max. New guidelines accepted by the ISO standards (Sewik,1994) state that the parameters pertaining to a dust or gas explosion can be accurately measured with three tests. The expl;osion pressure and rate of pressure rise parameters will be measured with error of 10 and 30 per cent respectively as described above. However, averaging final results from three tests will minimise the resulting error to less than 2 per cent overall (Siwek and Cesana, 1992). Such standardised results have been shown to accurately reflect explosions within a real mining environment (Siwek and Cesana, 1992; Torrent and Arevalo, 1993) Explosibility Analysis of the Sulphide Mineral Concentrates Dust Explosion Tendency The test results of the LEL of the concentrated sulphide minerals (Figure 1 demonstrate that the explosibilities of different sulphide minerals vary significantly. The pyrite has the highest explosion tendency with the lowest LEL of 140 g/m3, while the LEL of the sphalerite, the least active one among the tested sulphide minerals, is as high as 390 g/m3. The LEL values for pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite are the same. The overall explosion tendency among the five major sulphide minerals is from high to low: pyrite, pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, galena and sphalerite.  3    400 350 Lower Explosive Limit LEL (g/m3) 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 FeS2 FeS2 Fe1-nS CuFeS2 PbS 140 220 220 310  390  ZnS  From Figures 2 and 3, even taking the uncertainty of the measurement into account, pyrite demonstrated its higher explosion parameters than the other four sulphide minerals. The explosion pressure curves revealed that the explosive characteristics of the pyrite were much stronger than those of other sulphide samples. The explosion pressure developed by pyrite was at least 16 per cent higher than those of other sulphide minerals at dust concentrations lower than 1500 g/m3. The general trend is that the explosion pressure increases as the dust concentration increases to a maximum value or turning point and then slowly decreases. The maximum explosion pressure was mostly obtained with dust concentrations between 1500 and 2500 g/m3. There is a trend that the sulphide minerals with higher explosibility tend to reach their Pmax at a lower dust concentrations. Taking the uncertainty of the measurement into account as shown in Figure 4 with accuracy bars (these bars should in no way be compared with statistical confidence signs used to illustrate standard deviation about a mean), only pyrite demonstrated a significantly higher Pmax than any other of the four sulphide minerals. In practical terms, damage to equipment from a dust explosions could be equally severe from any of the four sulphide minerals.  500 400 300 200 100 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sulphide Sample No. 370 320 320  Concentrated Sulphide Minerals  500  Maximum Explosion Pressure Pmax (MPa/s)  Figure 1 Lower Explosive limit of Concentrated Sulphide Minerals Dust Explosion Strength The relationships between the explosion pressure and rate of the pressure rise against dust concentrations are plotted in Figures 2 and 3 respectively. All tested five sulphide minerals except pyrite display similar explosion pressure profiles especially when the dust concentrations are higher than 1000 g/m3. Similarly, when taking the high uncertainty of measurement of the rate of pressure rise into account, there are not significant differences among these four sulphide minerals for the rates of pressures rise indices.  330  330  Explosion Pressure Pm (kPa)  400  300  200  FeS2 Fe1-nS CuFeS2 PbS ZnS  100  Figure 4 Maximum Explosion Pressure of Concentrated Sulphide Minerals (Sample No.: 1 - FeS2 concentrate, 2 Fe1-nS concentrate, 3 - CuFeS2 concentrate, 4 - PbS concentrate, 5 - ZnS concentrate)  2500  0 500 1000 1500 Dust Concentration (g/m3) 2000  Figure 2 Explosion Pressure Pm of the Concentrated Sulphide Minerals  15 Rate of Pressure Rise (dP/dt)m (MPa/s)  12  9  Analysis of the rate of the pressure rise shows that the (dP/dt)m has a similar trend of change to the Pm curve. The lower the LEL of a sulphide sample, the higher the (dP/dt)m of the sample. The higher the (dP/dt)max of a sulphide sample, the lower the optimum dust concentration (or concentration at which maximum rate change is seen) at which the (dP/dt)max is reached. The optimum dust concentration is found to be between 1500 and 2500 g/m3 (Figure 5). By comparing the rate of pressure rise and the LEL, it is found that the explosive sequence indicated by the maximum rate of pressure rise of the sulphide minerals is the same as that for LEL.  6  3  0 500 1000 1500 2000 Dust Concentration (g/m3) Fe1-nS ZnS CuFeS2 2500  FeS2 PbS  Figure 3 Rate of Pressure Rise (dP/dt)m of the Concentrated Sulphide Minerals  PYRITER7.doc23/09/2005  4    15 Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise (MPa/s) 12 9 7.9 6 3 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 Sulphide Sample No. (dP/dt)max 7.2 6.8 5.1  3000 Optimum Dust Concentration (g/m3) 2500 11.1 2000 1500 1000 500 0  The Pyrite Method works from setting the K t , K s , and K r values of the pure pyrite mineral (which is the most explosive dust among the five major sulphide minerals) all equal to 1.0. The explosibility factors K t , K s , and K r for the other major sulphide minerals are consequently set at a definite value between 0 to 1.0. As the values of LEL, P ma x, and (dP/dt) ma x (mean value) of the major sulphide minerals have been determined, their explosibility factors can be calculated by applying the above calculation formulae. The calculated results for K t , K s , and K r factors of the major sulphide minerals are listed in Table 4. To evaluate explosibility of the actual sulphide ore dust, the contribution to the dust ignition of each sulphide mineral is weighed by accounting for percentage content and respective explosibility factors. The calculated explosibility factors of a particular sulphide dust can be determined by the following formulae once the mineralogical composition of a given sulphide dust sample is analysed: Explosion Tendency Factor (K t ) : K t = 1.00×%FeS 2 + 0.64×(%Fe 1 - n S + %CuFeS 2 ) + 0.45×%PbS + 0.37×%ZnS Explosion Strength Factor (K s ) : K s = 1.00×%FeS 2 + 0.86×(%Fe 1 - nS + %CuFeS 2 ) + 0.89×(%PbS + %ZnS) Explosion Rate Factor (K r ) : K r = 1.00×%FeS 2 + 0.71×%Fe 1 - nS + 0.65×%CuFeS 2 + 0.61×%PbS + 0.46×%ZnS  Optimum concentration  Figure 5 Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise of Concentrated Sulphide Minerals (Sample No.: 1 - FeS2 concentrate, 2 Fe1-nS concentrate, 3 - CuFeS2 concentrate, 4 - PbS concentrate, 5 - ZnS concentrate) Among the five major sulphide minerals, pyrite demonstrates not only the highest tendency to ignite, as indicated by its LEL, but the strongest explosion as indicated by its (dP/dt)max and Pmax. Therefore, pyrite is the most explosive component among the major explosive sulphide minerals. DEVELOPMENT OF THE PYRITE METHOD To assist in prediction of sulphide ore dust explosion propensity, a set of calculation formulae, named the  Pyrite Method , have been developed. To allow quantitative comparison and analyse of the explosibility of different sulphide dusts, parameters to evaluate the explosion tendency and the explosion strength were examined. As the LEL, P ma x and (dP/dt) ma x are the three most commonly available and standard experimental parameters or explosibility indices, three factors derived from them were developed by the authors. The derivation uses pyrite as a base as it has been found to be the most explosive sulphide mineral of those examined. The factors are defined as follows to evaluate the relative explosibility of a given pure or near pure sulphide mineral in comparison with the explosibility of pyrite. Explosion Tendency Factor (K t ) : K t = (LEL of pyrite)/(LEL of the sulphide sample) Explosion Strength Factor (K s ) : K s = (P ma x of the sulphide sample)/(P ma x of pyrite) (1) (2)  (4)  (5)  (6)  The relative explosibility of a sulphide dust sample can be evaluated by comparing its explosibility factors with those of other explosive sulphide dusts. The higher the K t factor value, the higher the possibility of the sulphide dust being ignited. The higher the K s and K r value, the severer the dust explosions will be. For any given sulphide ore dust with known mineralogical composition, explosibility factors can be calculated by applying formulae 4 to 6. The values of LEL, P ma x , and (dP/dt) ma x of the given sulphide ore sample can be factored from the values for pyrite of LEL, P ma x, and (dP/dt) ma x determined through standard experimental tests. The relevant calculation formulae are as follows. Lower Explosive limit (LEL): LEL = 140 x 1/K t (g/m3 ) (7) Maximum Explosion Pressure (P ma x ) : P ma x = 370K s (kPa) Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise [(dP/dt) ma x] : (dP/dt) ma x = 11.1K r (MPa/s) (8) (9)  Explosion Rate Factor (K r ) : K r = ((dP/dt) ma x of the sample)/((dP/dt) ma x of pyrite) (3) The K t factor represents the tendency for dust ignition. The K s factor demonstrates the explosion severity of the dust explosion. The K r factor indicates the relative rate of the explosion pressure rise. Taking the uncertainty of measurement of P ma x and (dP/dt) ma x into account, there are no unique values for K t , K s and K r but a range for each of them. To simplify the calculation process, the tested mean values of the P ma x and (dP/dt) ma x were taken to represent their  true values . In this way, the calculations of explosibility factors has been made workable.  where, 140, 370 and 11.1 are the mean values of LEL (g/m3 ) , P ma x (kPa) , and (dP/dt) ma x (MPa/s) respectively of the pyrite mineral. By applying the tested mean values of LEL, P ma x and (dP/dt) ma x of pyrite to represent its true values, the same order of error or uncertainty of measurement is introduced. Therefore, the calculation errors of LEL, P ma x and (dP/dt) ma x are within ±10, ±10 and ±30 per cent respectively.  PYRITER7.doc23/09/2005  5    Since these K t , K s, and K r factors have been defined and calculated in relation to the explosibility of the pyrite, the approach has been named the  Pyrite Method . EXPLOSIBILITY STUDY OF FIVE MINE SULPHIDE ORE SAMPLES Estimation of Explosibility by use of the  Pyrite Method  To establish validity of the method, the explosibility of the five sulphide ore dusts sampled from underground mines were estimated by applying the calculation formulae of the  Pyrite Method . The calculations cover determination of the explosibility factors (K t , K s, and K r ) by applying formulae 4 to 6 and prediction of the explosibility parameters (LEL, P ma x , and (dP/dt) ma x) by applying formulae 7 to 9 appropriately for each of the five sulphide samples. The initial data needed for the explosibility calculation are the percentage contents of each of the major explosive components, of pyrite, pyrrhotite, chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. By applying the mineralogical compositions of the sulphide dust samples listed in Table 3, the explosibility factors and the explosibility parameters of the sulphide dust samples can be directly calculated. The major calculated results are all presented in Table 4. As an example, the calculation processes for dust sample A are presented: TABLE 4 Calculation Results of the Explosibility Parameters on Five Sulphide Dust Samples Sulphide LEL Pmax (dP/dt)max Explosibility Factor Sample (g/m3) (kPa) (MPa/s) Kt Ks Kr A 191 296 8.4 0.73 0.80 0.76 B 212 281 7.7 0.66 0.76 0.70 C 215 270 7.2 0.65 0.73 0.65 D 186 318 8.8 0.75 0.86 0.79 E 177 326 9.1 0.79 0.88 0.82 Explosion Tendency Factor (K t ) : K t = 1.00×%FeS 2 + 0.64×(%Fe1 - n S + %CuFeS 2 ) + 0.45×%PbS + 0.37×%ZnS = 1.00 × 53.2% + 0.64 × (29.3% + 0) + 0.45 × 2.9% + 0.37×0 = 0.73 Explosion Strength Factor (K s ) : K s = 1.00×%FeS 2 + 0.86×(%Fe 1 - n S + %CuFeS 2 ) + 0.89×(%PbS + %ZnS) = 1.00 × 53.2% + 0.86 × (29.3% + 0) + 0.89 × (2.9% + 0) = 0.81 Explosion Rate Factor (K r ) : K r = 1.00×%FeS 2 + 0.71×%Fe 1 - nS + 0.65×%CuFeS 2 + 0.61×%PbS + 0.46×%ZnS = 1.00 × 53.2% + 0.71 × 29.3% + 0.65 × 0 + 0.61 × 2.9% + 0.46 × 0 = 0.76 Lower Explosive limit (LEL): LEL = 140K t = 140 × 0.73 = 191(g/m 3 ) Maximum Explosion Pressure (P ma x) : P ma x = 370K s = 370 × 0.80 = 296 (kPa)  PYRITER7.doc23/09/2005  Maximum Rate of Pressure Rise [(dP/dt) ma x] : (dP/dt) ma x = 11.1K r = 11.1 × 0.76 = 8.4 (MPa/s) Actual Explosibility Tests on the Five Mine Ore Samples The second stage of the validation process was to physically undertake explosibility tests on all five mine ore samples and compare results with those obtained from the calculation method. LEL test results for the five ore dust samples are listed in Table 5. To minimise number of tests required to determine LEL the following procedure was adopted. Establishing LEL is an iterative process undertaken most efficiently if an approximation to the value is initially known. As the LEL of every dust sample had been estimated with the  Pyrite Method , the LEL test started directly from a concentration that was about 20 g/m3 lower than the calculated LEL value. For example, as the calculated LEL of sample A was 191 g/m3, its LEL explosion test started from 170 g/m3 rather than 100 g/m3, the normally accepted starting point in LEL testing practice. In this way, at least five tests became unnecessary in each sample \'s LEL testing and the testing cost was consequently reduced. The indices of maximum explosion pressure (P ma x ) and maximum rate of pressure rise [(dP/dt) ma x ] are determined through the P m and (dP/dt) m tests. The dust concentrations tested ranged from 500 to 2000 g/m3 in increments of 250 g/m3. The major P m and (dP/dt) m testing results are shown in Figures 6 and 7 and the P ma x and (dP/dt) ma x are listed in Table 5. TABLE 5 Explosibility Test Results for Five Mine Sulphide Samples Dust LEL Pmax (dP/dt)max sample (g/m3) (MPa/s) (kPa) E 170 370 10.2 D 180 360 8.9 A 180 330 8.7 B 230 290 5.9 C 230 260 5.5  400 Explosion Pressure Pm (kPa)  300  200  100  0 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 Dust Concentration (g/m3) E D A B C  Figure 6 Explosion Pressure Pm of Sulphide Dust Samples Accepted explosion testing practice requires that at least two series of tests are carried out in order to ensure that reliable LEL, P ma x and (dP/dt) ma x values are obtained (Cesana and Siwek, 1991; 1994). As the LEL, P ma x and  6    (dP/dt) ma x for all the dust samples had been predicted by calculation as shown in Table 5, special attention was given when the explosion tests showed that either test values were close to its calculated values. With the early indication of the correct LEL, P ma x and (dP/dt) ma x, only the dust concentrations close to the predicted P ma x and (dP/dt) ma x required double checking. Compared with normal practice, this approach saved about 30 per cent of the total testing time and cost without sacrifice in the accuracy of test results.  12 10 8 6 4 2 0 500 750 1000 1250 1500 1750 2000 Dust Concentration (g/m3)  therefore be taken into account. This is the basic principle of the  Pyrite Method . In order to validate the reliability of the calculated results from the Pyrite Method, the calculated explosibility parameters of the five sulphide dust samples are compared with explosion testing results (mean values). The relationships between the calculated and tested results for LEL, Pmax and (dP/dt)max, are plotted in Figures 8 to 10.  250 Lower Explosive Limit LEL (g/m3) 200 150 100 50 0 E D A B C 1 170 77 1 180 86 191 180 230 212 230 215  Rate of Pressure Rise (MPa/s)  Sources of Sulphide Mineral Dusts Tested results Calculated results  Figure 8 Comparison of Tested and Calculated LELs for the Sulphide Dusts  400 Maximum Explosion Pressure Pmax (kPa) 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 E D A B C 370 326 360 318  E  D  A  B  C  330 296  290 81 2  2 260 70  Figure 7 Rate of Pressure Rise (dP/dt)m of Sulphide Dust Samples Both the explosion pressure and the rate of pressure data demonstrate that the ore dust samples from mines A, D and E are more explosive than B and C mine samples. The E mine sample shows the highest explosibility in terms of the LEL, Pmax and (dP/dt)max. A and D samples exhibit the same explosibility while B and C samples together are at similar level, especially when dust concentrations are lower than 1250 g/m3. The E mine sample with a LEL of 170 g/m3 was found to be the most explosive sample. The LEL of both D and A samples is 180 g/m3, while that of both B and C sample is 230g/m3. The Pmax and (dP/dt)max of the five samples also show similar relationships to those of LELs. The explosion strength, indicated by Pmax and (dP/dt)max and the explosion tendency indicated by the LEL are all in the following sequence (from high to low): E, D, A, B and C mine samples. The sulphur contents of E, D, A, B and C mine ore samples are 36.7, 36.3, 32.7, 31.6, and 29.6 per cent respectively. The sulphur content of D sample is about the same as that of E sample and much higher than that of the A sample. From the explosibility test results it is noted that the explosibility of the D sample is much lower than that of the E sample, but almost the same as that of the A sample. Comparing the sulphur contents of the five dust samples with their explosibility parameters, there is no clear correlation between the sulphur content and the Pmax or (dP/dt)max of the sulphide dust samples. Comparison of Explosibility Test Results with Predictions from the  Pyrite Method  Explosibility tests on different sulphide minerals in this study demonstrated that pyrite has a higher explosion tendency and explosion strength than other sulphide minerals. The explosion characteristic of a particular sulphide dust sample is a combination of all the major explosive sulphide minerals contained within it. To evaluate the explosibility of a sulphide dust, all the major explosive sulphide components should  PYRITER7.doc23/09/2005  Sources of Sulphide Mineral Dusts Tested results Calculated results  Figure 9 Comparison of Tested and Calculated Pmax for the Sulphide Dust Samples  12 10 (dP/dt)max (MPa) 8 6 4 2 0 E D A B C 10.2 9.1 8.9 8.8 8.7 8.4 5.9  7.7 5.5  7 .2  Sources of Sulphide Mineral Dusts Tested results Calculated results  Figure 10 Comparison of Tested and Calculated (dP/dt)max for the Sulphide Dusts It is evident that the calculated results demonstrate, in general, a high agreement with explosion test data. Across the explosibility indices the calculated LELs of the dust samples show the best agreement with the tested LELs with a difference of less than 10 per cent (Table 6). The calculated Pmax also demonstrates good agreement with the test results with differences for the five ores between 3 and 12  7    per cent. This variation range is quite acceptable for a general examination of sulphide dust explosibility. TABLE 6 Explosibility Calculation Error Compared to the Test Results on Five Sulphide Ore Dust Samples (dP/dt)max Sulphide LEL Pmax sample Error (%) Error (%) Error (%) E 4.1 11.9 10.8 D 3.3 11.7 1.1 A 9.4 10.3 3.4 B 7.8 3.1 30.5 C 6.5 3.8 30.9 The calculated (dP/dt)max values present the highest discrepancy with the test results. The variations in the calculated (dP/dt)max in the case of E, D and A samples are from 1 to 12 per cent. However, the errors in the case of B and C samples are at almost 31 per cent. This may reflect the considerable error (as high as 30 per cent) in repeatibility of measurement of (dP/dt)max in the Siwek dust explosion chamber. Analysis of variations confirms that the calculated explosibility results are generally compatible with the test results. The differences between the calculated and tested results are generally within 12 per cent, although 2 of the 15 key values show errors as high as 31 per cent. The differences can be attributed to both explosion testing system error and error from the mineralogical analyses. Considering the uncertainty of the measurement within this testing system is ±10 per cent for LEL and Pmax and ±30 for (dP/dt)max, the accuracy of the calculation results are satisfactory. The explosion testing results demonstrate that the calculation of the  Pyrite Method  is a competent method to approximately predict sulphide dust explosibility. As the mineralogical composition data of the ore bodies in most underground metalliferous mines are available, the relative explosibility of the sulphide dust in the mine can be conveniently predicted with the  Pyrite Method . The predicted explosibility data can provide immediate information about the dust explosion potential for mine operators concerned about safety precautions. CONCLUSION A new approach based on a system of calculation formulae, named the  Pyrite Method , has been developed to predict the relative explosibilities of sulphide ore dusts. The significant advantage of this method is that dust explosion propensity can be calculated from the sulphide ore mineralogical composition without the undertaking of costly and time consuming explosion tests. The explosibility of five concentrated samples of major explosive sulphide minerals and five samples of ore dusts sampled from sulphide orebodies were investigated through experimental study. Based on the analyses of the relationship between the explosibility and the mineralogical contents of the sulphide mineral samples, the  Pyrite Method  was developed and calculation formulae were derived to predict the explosibility of any given sulphide dust. Comparative study of the explosibility of five sulphide dust samples confirmed that the predicted results from the  Pyrite Method  were highly compatible with the values from explosion tests. The analysis of the calculation accuracy also demonstrated that the approach is a practical method to predict the relative explosibility of a sulphide dust. Testing and evaluating the dust explosibility is expensive and time consuming. The  Pyrite Method  provides a simple  PYRITER7.doc23/09/2005  calculation method for mining engineers and mine safety officers to approximately predict and evaluate the explosibility of sulphide ore dust. This approach also enables dust explosion researchers to gain an initial indication of explosibility indices and so reduce the testing range and number of tests necessary for a full evaluation. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT The authors acknowledge the generous assistance and advice given throughout this project by a number of parties and, in particular, operating mines that provided ore samples for testing and the financial and technical expertise extended by the management and staff of the Queensland Government \'s Safety in Mines Testing and Research Station, Redbank. The contributions of staff and students of The University of Queensland, and particularly the input of Mr Lambert Bekessy, are acknowledged with gratitude. REFERENCES Cesana, C and Siwek, R, 1991. KSEP 332 Measurement and Control System (Version 4.1), Adolf Kuhner AG, Birsfelden. Cesana, C, and Siwek, R, 1994. Operating Instructions for the 20 Litre Apparatus (Version 5.0), Adolf Kuhner AG, Birsfelden. Liu, Q, Katasbanis, P, and Meech, J A, 1988. Thermodynamic Prediction of Explosion Parameters of Sulphide Dusts, Proc. Special Session CIM Annual General Meeting (Ed: A E, Hall), pp 125-149 (The Canadian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy: Edmonton). Siwek R, 1980. Experimental Methods for the Determination of Explosion Characteristics of Combustible Dusts. 3 rd International Symposium on Loss Prrevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, vol 3 839-850 Siwek R, 1982. Explosion Characteristics and Influencing Factors. International Symposium on Control and Prevention of Dust Explosions, Basel, Switzerland: 149-164. Siwek, R and Cesana, C, 1992. Operating Instructions for the 20 ­ Litre Apparatus. 3rd Edition, Adolf Kuhmer. A. G., Birsfelden. Siwek, R. 1994. New Revised VDI Guideline 3673  Pressure Release of dust Explosions . Process safety Progress, vol. 13, no. 4 190-201 Torrent, J G and Arevalo, J J, 1993. Increase in Coal Explosibility due to Methane Adsorption. Proc 25 t h International Conference of Safety in Mines Research Institutes, Pretoria, South Africa, 1-19. Wheeland, K G and McKinnon, D, 1986. The Cause, Prevention and Control of Secondary Dust Explosions of Sulphide Dust Ores, Proc. Workshop Sponsored by Noranda Minerals Inc, pp 5.1-5.22 (Canadian Government Publishing Centre, Ottawa) Yao, Y, 1997. An Experimental Study into the Influence of Post Detonation Fumes on Explosibility of Dust from Sulphide Orebody  Master of Engineering Science (Research) Thesis, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 136p.  8    ",203);arrFiles[17]=new Array(18,"Papers/1997/1997 - May - 6IMVC personal heat.pdf","2006-01-05","Microsoft Word - HSM6IVC2.DOC","","","Published as: Hsin Wei Wu and A.D.S. Gillies, The development of a personal heat response meter calibrated to the physiology of the range of employees within the mine workplace, Proceedings Sixth International Mine Ventilation Congress, Society of Mining Engineers, pp 255-261 May 1997.    THE DEVELOPMENT OF A PERSONAL RESPONSE HEAT STRESS METER CALIBRATED TO THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RANGE OF EMPLOYEES WITHIN THE MINE WORKPLACE  1  Associate Lecturer; Senior Lecturer, Department of Mining, Minerals and Materials Engineering, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia  ABSTRACT the wet bulb temperature index; the effective temperature index; a modification of the predicted Four Hour Sweat Rate (P4SR) index; and the air cooling power (ACP) index.  2  Hsin Wei Wu1 and A. D. S. Gillies2  An evaluation of the use of air cooling power as an index of the thermal environment is discussed. A body temperature prediction model based on body temperature tests, a concept linked to a maximum safe body temperature and the predicted fourth hour body temperature which depends on the rate of heat accumulation (heat storage) within the body has been developed and tested. This has led to the conceptual development of a personal response heat stress meter calibrated to the physiology of the personnel within the workplace. The proposed heat stress meter will be able to measure workplace environmental parameters such as air temperature, humidity and air velocity and the user can either select or manually enter other heat stress parameters such as work rate, clothing type and subject \'s personal response to heat. With a built-in computer program, the meter will calculate the ACP of the workplace, the fourth hour body core temperature expected and the maximum safe working time allowed for a pre-defined limiting body temperature. A brief description of the work required for developing the meter is included. The potential benefits of such instrument to the mining industry are also evaluated. INTRODUCTION Excessive heat stress causes discomfort, decreased productivity, increased accident rates, abnormal physiological strain and ultimately death due to heat stroke. Heat stress is influenced by work rate, personal factors such as age, weight and physical conditions and the environmental climatic effects of atmospheric temperatures, relative humidity and air velocity. Problems are found in the mining industry under various conditions, particularly in deep mining where high virgin rock temperatures provide difficult ventilation conditions in stopes and confined working areas and in open cut mines where employees need to work outside equipment cabs during hot summer months. Current mining regulations or practices in Australia and overseas take an indirect approach to determining a safe heat stress limit (Gillies, 1991). Most of the approaches take some measurements of climatic factors such as air temperatures, humidity and velocity within the working environment. Some introduce aspects such as work rate, although quantification of work rate heat production is accepted to be very difficult. Approaches in use and adopted by one or more Australian states \' statutory regulations include:  Other approaches to heat stress measurement in other major mining countries are well known, in particular the Wet Kata Thermometer index in South Africa and the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature index in the United States. For a heat stress index or measure (not a comfort index) to be of practical use it must incorporate the work rate and allow for the effects of clothing and relevant climatic parameters as well as the physiological strain on the employee. This precludes, on their own, the use of wet bulb temperature, effective temperature and the more recently introduced wet bulb globe temperature indices. The P4SR index has been adequately validated for work in hot conditions and incorporates work rate and the effect of clothing. This index was used to develop the current six hour and stop job protocol at the Mount Isa Mine, Australia and has been proven to be suitable in practical situations. Since this work was undertaken, the ACP index has been developed and, because of its greater generality and more rigorous development, has in places superseded the P4SR index concept (Howes, 1992). Previous work on ACP indices including  Scale A  Cooling Power graphs and tables has been based on experiments performed on assessing the heat stress of male nude acclimatised mine workers in environments o with wet bulb temperatures between 25 and 35 C and air velocities from 0.2 to 4.5 m/s (Stewart, 1981). The cooling power values were calculated assuming the man \'s skin surface is fully wet with sweat. However, as clothing wetness can vary considerably for clothed employees, it is not possible to simply add on an additional constant clothing insulation value to the heat transfer equation (Murray-Smith, 1987). Current charts assume nude or near nude conditions and so wider use of the concept in Australian mining industry has been inhibited. Recent investigations at The University of Queensland studied the effects of heat stress on a group of fit young students (Travers, 1990; Brumpton, 1993). The studies sought to establish the physiological and psychological reactions to half hour exercise programs in a heated and humidified room. The investigations found that physiological reactions were related to room temperature and the clothing worn. Psychological testing indicated that there was an increase in mental stress with increased temperature and this relationship was accentuated when subjects wore mine clothing. A reduction in the level of psychological arousal with increased room temperature was also found.    Based on these findings, conclusions have been drawn that there is a need for the development of a heat stress index for use in Australian mining (Travers, 1990; Gillies, 1991; Wu, 1994). A suggested method is to develop a direct approach for heat stress measurement, namely, a personal response heat stress meter calibrated to the physiology of the employee within the workplace. THE PHYSIOLOGICAL HEAT STRAIN MODEL The most important part of the development of the personal heat stress meter involves the definition of a heat strain model that completely satisfies requirements of the human body \'s physiological response to heat stress environments. A physiological heat strain computer model based on the concepts of ACP and the body core temperature has been conceptualised. As the body core temperature is the most direct indicator of the strain brought about by heat stress, it would be advantageous to develop a computer model that predicts the body core temperature rise under various heat stress environments. The model needs to consider all thermal parameters that contribute to heat stress including rates of metabolic heat production, clothing, individual factors (such as age, fitness, body size, acclimatisation and gender) and thermal environmental parameters. A thermoregulation concept proposed by McPherson (1992) for assessing predicted climatic conditions was employed to calculate the ACP for a wide range of climatic conditions. With users entering other heat stress parameters including work rates, clothing types and personal heat response information for each subject studied, the outputs of the model should indicate the ACP of the thermal environment, the metabolic rate produced, the heat accumulated in the human body, the predicted maximum body temperature and the maximum safe working time (duration) allowed under the given thermal condition. The concept is based on the definition of a maximum safe body temperature at which a person will experience negligible risk of suffering heat stroke. It follows then that individuals will be able to achieve a safe equilibrium body temperature in all conditions where the calculated ACP equals or exceeds the rate of metabolic heat generated by the individuals in question. Body temperature will only increase when the calculated ACP is less than the metabolic heat produced. The rate of body temperature increase depends on the rate of heat accumulation (heat storage) within the body. Different environmental conditions causing the same heat accumulation rate may be assessed as leading to the same heat stress, in that they will all be associated with the same body temperature elevation. The prediction of maximum body temperature under heat stress conditions was developed based on the results of body temperature tests using a Cortemp thermometer conducted by Travers (1990) and Brumpton (1993). These experiments investigated the effects of  heat stress on a group of fit young students at The University of Queensland. The study sought to establish the physiological and psychological reactions to half hour exercise programs in a heated and humidified room. In these tests, the exercise room was controlled at three o o o temperature settings, namely, 35 C, 37 C and 39 C with 100 percent relative humidity (RH). The exercises conducted were rated as high activity level. Subjects wore either only shorts or overalls (mining coveralls) on successive sessions, together with normal mining accessories (boots, belts, hard hats, lamp and batteries). Body temperature changes were measured for all subjects orally and with an electronic internal body temperature monitor (Cortemp thermometer) which provided a continuous record before, during and after each exercise session. The basis of the Cortemp thermometer tests is a  tablet  or  capsule  sized disposable temperature sensor that is swallowed by the subject being monitored. The capsule contains microcircuitry and battery power to enable temperature measurement over the 24 to 72 hours that it is expected to remain within the body \'s digestive system. Temperatures can be displayed and recorded at intervals between 30 seconds and one hour. The sensor capsule transmits to an external  Ambulatory Recorder  with indicator and large memory storage. This recorder can be attached to the miner \'s belt so as not to inhibit normal movement. As a starting point for establishing a physiological heat strain prediction model, it is logical to note that changes in the body temperature may be brought about in two ways: by a change in the body \'s state of heat balance, or by a redistribution of heat stored within the body.  While it might be possible for a redistribution of stored heat to occur without there being a change in the body \'s overall state of heat balance, it is most unlikely that this would occur. Hence, this aspect can be ignored; and consideration will be given only to the conditions for heat balance of the body. Heat exchange between the human body and the surrounding atmosphere occurs through a combination of processes. If the rate of body (metabolic) heat generation is M and heat losses from human body to the surrounding is defined as ACP, then the heat balance of the body can be described by the following equation: S = M -ACP [1] W/m  2  where S is the heat accumulation within the body under heat stress. The value of S can be either positive or negative depending on the values of M and ACP. The approach has been taken that it is possible to have negative ACP values (where there is a net heat flow from the surrounding atmosphere to the body) as well as positive (where there is a net heat loss from the body to the surrounding atmosphere). All situations gives negative S were ignored as these situations are not considered as     heat stress  conditions. Examples of the possible heat accumulated in the subjects \' body for the body temperature tests at an estimated body metabolic heat 2 output rate of 240 W/m are given in Table 1.  Table 1 ACP and accumulated heat calculated during the Cortemp thermometer tests conducted by Travers and Brumpton.  Table 2  Prediction of body temperature increase over time at various heat accumulation levels.  Accumulated Heat Rate (W/m )  2  Body core temperature (oC) Time (minutes) 10 20 30 40* 50* 60*  Thermal Conditions & Clothing types 35 C, 100% RH, 0.5 m/s, Overall 37 C, 100% RH, 0.5 m/s, Overall 39 C, 100% RH, 0.5 m/s, Tshirt & short  o o o  (W/m2)  ACP* 4 -31 -107  (W/m2)  M  (W/m2)  S  0 236 271  37.50 37.50 37.50 37.50 37.50 37.50 37.58 37.79 38.14 38.64 39.27 40.04 37.72 38.13 38.74 39.53 40.01 41.69 37.76 38.39 39.41 40.80 42.58 44.61  240 240 240  236 271 347  347  * predicted values from curves in Figure 1. Figure 2 shows six body temperature curves corresponding to times of 10 to 60 minutes after exposure to indicated thermal conditions. By interpolating these curves, the body temperature increase at any given heat accumulation rate can be obtained (For example, body temperature increase at 30 minutes under conditions of 2 o 100 W/m heat accumulation is 0.08 C). Subsequently, the body temperature increases at the heat accumulation rate of 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 2 200, 250, 300 and 350 W/m were established for 10 and 60 minute periods. Re-interpreting (transposing) these data, the curves of body temperature increases over time at various heat accumulation conditions are illustrated in Figure 3.  45 44  * calculated based on McPherson \'s ACP model. The body temperature increase over time at three different heat accumulation rates are given in Figure 1. o The curve from the thermal condition (39 C, 100 percent relative humidity, 0.5 m/s, Shorts and T-shirt) is plotted using the average body core temperature increase rates from two male subjects completing exercise programs in Brumpton \'s Cortemp tests. It is assumed that when the excess heat accumulated in the human body is zero (thermal equilibrium), there is no body temperature change. Based on this assumption, the body temperature changes over time for four heat accumulation rates are listed in Table 2 for an initial body o core temperature of 37.5 C (the average initial temperature measured for subjects studied).  41.0 40.5  Body Core Temperature (oC)  40.0 39.5 39.0 38.5 38.0 (35oC, 236W/m2) 37.5 37.0 0 10 20 30 40 (39oC, 347W/m2) (37oC, 271W/m2)  Body core temperature (oC)  43 42 41  60 50 40 30 20 10  40 39 38 37 0 50 10 0 10 5 200 250 300 350 400  He at Accum ulat ion (W/m 2)  Time (mins)  Figure 2. Predicted body temperature changes with heat accumulation for 10 to 60 minute periods.  Figure 1  Body core temperature changes at different thermal conditions (data complied from Travers, 1990; Brumpton, 1993).    43  accumulation rate can be calculated and expressed in the following equations:  350 W/m2 250 W/m2 150 2 W/m  42  Body core temperature (oC)  100 W/m2 50 2 W/m  A = 1.777 10 + 3.015 10 S + 4.104 10 S -11 3 2 + 3.027 10 S (R = 0.996) [3]  -5 -5 -7  -5  -7  -9  2  41  40  B = - 7.775 10 - 1.441 10 S + 7.435 10 S -8 3 -1 1 4 - 1.414 10 S + 7.687 10 S -13 5 2 - 1.191 10 S (R = 0.991) [4]  2  2  39  where S is as defined earlier and R is the coefficient of determination (the square of correlation coefficient). Stewart and Van Rensburg (1975) suggested that an initial rectal temperature of 36.8oC is generally accepted and referred to as the so-called  normal  body temperature of resting men provided the environment is neither too hot nor too cold. However, in this study, an o initial body core temperature of 37.5 C was used as this was the average initial body temperature of the subjects measured using the Cortemp instrument. This difference, no doubt, reflects the rectal temperature measurement technique and external atmospheric influence on this measurement. If a limiting maximum safe body temperature of 39.0 C is used, the maximum safe working time under various heat accumulation conditions can be calculated. Equation [2] may be rewritten as: At + Bt + (tci - tcl) = 0 [5] where tcl is the limiting body temperature. If (tci - tcl) equals constant C, equation [5] may be rewritten as: Atmax2 + Btmax + C = 0 [6] Solving this equation, the maximum safe working time allowed under the given heat stress environment can be calculated from the following: tmax = (-B ± (B -4AC) )/2A [7] As (-B - (B2-4AC)0.5)/2A always gives a negative value, the meaningful values for t can be calculated from: tmax = (-B + (B -4AC) )/2A [8] where absolute values of B -4AC should be used for meaningful solutions. Figure 4 illustrates the predicted maximum safe working time under heat accumulations o based on an initial body temperatures of 37.5 C with a o limiting body temperature of 39.0 C.  2 2 0.5 2 0.5 2 o  38  10 W/m  37 0 20 40 60 80  2  Tim e (m ins )  1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 200 220 240 0 2 4 6 8  Y = Body core temperature (oC); X = time (minutes)  Y = 37.497 + 7.6925e X + 1.8880e X -2 -3 2 Y = 37.483 + 1.3418e X + 1.3909e X -3 -4 2 Y = 37.489 + 6.8393e X + 7.7036e X -3 -4 2 Y = 37.503 - 2.3979e X + 4.4607e X Y = 37.506 - 3.2282e-3X + 2.7696e-4X2 Y = 37.504 - 1.3332e-3X + 1.3089e-4X2 Y = 37.501 - 4.1393e-4X + 5.5536e-5X2 Y = 37.500 - 3.5386e-4X + 4.4643e-5X2 Y = 37.500 - 2.2093e-4X + 3.2179e-5X2 Y = 37.500 - 1.2929e-4X + 2.0643e-5X2 Y = 37.500 - 4.7143e-5X + 1.0143e-5X2 Figure 3  -3 -3 2  (R =1.000, 350 W/m ) 2 2 (R =0.998, 300 W/m ) 2 2 (R =1.000, 250 W/m ) 2 2 (R =1.000, 200 W/m ) (R2=0.999, 150 W/m2) (R2=0.997, 100 W/m2) (R2=0.999, 50 W/m2) (R2=0.998, 40 W/m2) (R2=0.997, 30 W/m2) (R2=0.996, 20 W/m2) (R2=0.996, 10 W/m2)  2  2  Body core temperature increase rate at 10-350 W/m2 heat accumulation conditions  The polynomial equations representing the curves are also included. From the curves, the possible maximum safe working time can be determined for the given heat accumulation condition. For example, with a limiting body o temperature of 39.0 C, the possible maximum safe working time would be 165 minutes under a heat 2 accumulation rate of 50 W/m and about 110 minutes 2 under heat accumulation rate of 100 W/m . Figure 3 indicates that the relationship between body core temperature and time can be expressed in the following equation: tc = tci + Bt + At  2  [2]  where tc is the maximum (final) body core temperature, o o C; tci is the initial body temperature, C; A and B are constants varying with heat accumulation rate and t is time in minutes. As constant A and B are varying with the levels of heat accumulated in the body, S, it is possible to correlate these two constants to the heat accumulation rate. Based on the polynomial equations described in Figure 3, the correlation between constants A and B and heat    Clothing, Age, Fitness, Body size & Acclimatisation etc.  INPUT WORKRATE Low, Medium or High  300  Maximum safe working time (mins)  250 200 150 100 50 0 0 100 200 300 400  CALCULATE ACP FOR ENVIRONMENT BASED ON McPHERSON \'S MODEL ACP = Br + C + R + E CALCULATE INITIAL HEAT ACCUMULATION S = M - ACP CALCULATE PREDICTED BODY TEMPERATURE Tc = Tci + Bt +At2 ; A & B = (s) CALCULATE MAX SAFE WORKING TIME ALLOWED tmax = (-B+(abs(B2-4AC)0.5))/2A, C = Tc - Tci  Figure 5 Program structure of the physiological heat strain prediction model.  Heat accmulation (W/m2)  Figure 4 The predicted maximum safe working time at various heat accumulation conditions.  Example A person works in a narrow mine opening. Given the following information, it is possible to determine the values of the maximum body temperature after four hours and the maximum safe working time allowed, if the work rate is 2 130 W/m . Clothing: Airflow: Thick trousers, long-sleeved shirt, hard hat and boots o Wet bulb temperature = 28 C o Dry bulb temperature = 33 C Barometric pressure = 100kPa Air velocity = 1 m/s o Rock surface (radiant) temperature = 33 C  A physiological heat strain model has been developed. It determines the maximum body temperature expected and the maximum safe working time allowed for any input combination of psychrometric conditions, air velocity, physical activity and type of clothing. The program structure is depicted in Figure 5. The physiological heat strain prediction model involves employing the thermoregulation model developed by McPherson (1992) to calculate the inequality between the computed net heat transfer and a known or estimated metabolic rate. The behaviour of the model emulates that of an individual who changes metabolic rate or moves into a different climatic environment. A transient period will occur when the body temporarily accumulates or loses heat at a rate S, given by equation [8]. S = M - (R + C + Br + E) [9] W/m2  2  Solution From the thermoregulation model, an initial base skin o temperature of 34.63 C was established using the equation proposed by Gagge et al (1969) and taking clothing and the convective heat transfer coefficient into account. Detailed description of this calculation has been well documented (McPherson, 1992). The heat transfers between the human body and the environment have been found to be: respiration, convection, radiation, evaporation, Total (net) cooling Br = 9 C= 7 R= 3 E = 88.3 ACP = 107.3 W/m 2 W/m 2 W/m 2 W/m 2 W/m  2 2  where R = radiant heat transfer, W/m , 2 C = convective/conductive heat transfer, W/m , 2 Br = the respiratory heat transfer, W/m and 2 E = the evaporative heat transfer, W/m If the value of S is positive, then the reaction of the individual may be to rest, reduce the rate of work or discard clothing (behavioural response). However, the physiological heat strain prediction model assumes that the metabolic rate is maintained and the body temperature is increased as a function of S over time.  The human metabolic rate is, however, M = 130 W/m . Hence, the initial rate of heat accumulation (S) is S = 130 - 107.3 = 22.7 W/m  2 o  In this example, if an initial body temperature of 37.5 C is used, the maximum body temperature expected after four hours can be calculated as follows. From equation [2] and [3], the values of constants A and B can be obtained.    A = 1.777 10 + 3.015 10 (22.3) + 4.104 10 (22.3) + -11 3 -5 3.027 10 (22.3) = 2.687 10 B = -7.775 10 - 1.441 10 (22.3) + 7.435 10 (22.3) -8 3 -1 1 4 -1 3 1.414 10 (22.3) + 7.687 10 (22.3) - 1.191 10 5 -4 (22.3) = -1.678 10 Therefore, tc = 37.5 - 0.0001678 (240) + 0.000026872 (240) o = 37.5 + 1.52 = 39.02 C (fourth hour)  2 -5 -5 -7 2  -5  -7  -9  2  S = mt cpt (0.2ts + 0.8tre)/t [10]  W/m2  and the maximum safe working time allowed for the body core temperature not to exceed 39oC, tmax, can be calculated using equation [6]: tmax = (-B + (B2-4AC)0.5)/2A = ((0.00016781 + (abs((-0.00016781)2 0.5 4(0.000026872)(39.0 - 37.5))) )/2(0.000026872) = 238 minutes McPherson (1992) reported that under the same thermal condition for heavily clothed personnel, the limiting rates of continuous work (fourth hour body o 2 temperature less or equal to 39.0 C) is 127 W/m . This indicates that the result from the model agrees well with McPherson \'s prediction. A comparison of the results from the body temperature prediction model and the observed values published by past researchers is illustrated in Table 5. The table suggests that the observed values and predicted values for the first hour correlate well (38.8 and o 2 o 38.8 C for S=223 W/m ; 37.5 and 37.7 C for S=135 2 W/m ). However, the predicted body temperatures are much higher than the observed values for the second hour. This may be because the values measured by Strydom et al (1975) were based on an acclimatisation exercise program which included some resting periods during exercise. This allowed the body temperatures of the subjects to cool down. This indicates that a series of Cortemp thermometer tests are required, as proposed by Gillies (1991), to validate the concept and establish a faithful and reliable model that also includes the resting periods during normal working shifts.  Table 5 Comparison of predicted (by the body temperature prediction model) and observed (Strydom et al, 1975) body temperatures under various heat stress conditions.  where mt is the mass of the human body, kg; cpt is the o average specific heat of the human body, J/kg C; ts is the o mean skin temperature, C; tre is the rectal temperature, o C and t is time, s. Equation [9] indicates that an average person accumulating heat at a rate of 67W would o experience a 1.0 C rise in rectal temperature over a period of one hour. The skin surface area, Askin, can be calculated from a knowledge of body mass and height using the following equation suggested by Stewart (1982). Askin = 0.217mt [11]  0.425  Ht  0.725  m  2  where mt is the body mass of the human body, kg, and Ht is the height, m. Assuming that an average person has a body mass of 70kg and a height of 1.75m, the skin 2 surface area will be approximately 2 m . With heat 2 accumulating at a rate of 22.7 W/m , the total heat accumulated would be 45.4W for a person with a skin area of 2 m2. Equation [10] indicates a 2.72oC rise in both body and skin temperature. This is nearly twice (2.7oC compared with 1.52oC) the value predicted by the model. This suggests that equation [10] overestimates the body temperature rise as the physiological conductance could be increased due to increase in peripheral blood circulation. Measurements from the Cortemp thermometer, however, have taken the changes of physiological heat strain into account as it measures the body core temperature directly and continuously. THE PERSONAL HEAT STRESS METER Based on the physiological heat strain model, the concept of a personal heat stress meter calibrated to the physiology of the range of employees within the mine workplace has been developed. The meter would be able to measure the workplace environmental parameters such as air temperature, humidity and air velocity and the user can either select or manually enter other heat stress parameters such as work rate, clothing type and subject \'s personal response to heat. With a built-in computer program, the meter will calculate the ACP of the workplace, the fourth hour body core temperature expected and the maximum safe working time allowed for a pre-defined limiting body temperature. Figure 6 illustrates the proposed personal response heat stress meter.  Sensor Connect Terminal  ACP = 108 W/m2 2 M = 130 W/m 2 S = 22 W/m o Tc = 39.02 C Time = 239 min  S (W/m ) 223 135  2  Observed Body o Temperature C 0 60 120 mins mins mins 36.5 38.8 39.9 36.9 37.7 38.4  Predicted Body o Temperature C 0 60 120 mins mins mins 36.5 38.8 45.6 36.9 37.5 39.5  tw/td = 33.8/35.6oC; V = 0.4 m/s; Clothing type: Nude Stewart (1982) has proposed that heat accumulation (storage) of the persons under heat stress may be calculated from the following equation:  LCD display Select panel  Start Stop Menu Print  Select  Power  Temperature, humidity & air velocity sensor  Battery Box    - Investigation on the systematic and practical use of the instrument.  BENEFITS TO THE MINING INDUSTRY OF IMPROVED HEAT STRESS ASSESSMENT Benefits to the mining industry from adoption of a personal response heat stress meter will include the following.  Figure 6 A conceptual diagram of the personal response heat stress meter.  The meter can be hand held and battery powered. It can operate on a standard battery which will provide long operation. The most important part in developing the meter involves the definition of the heat strain model that completely satisfies requirements of the human body \'s physiological response to heat stress environments. A physiological heat strain model has been conceptually defined and described previously. However, before the physiological heat strain model can be employed with confidence, it is necessary to study the responses of a large number of subjects for a lengthy period of heat exposure at various heat accumulation rates in order to establish a tested model. These would require the following. - A full series of body core temperature tests under controlled mine conditions. This should be carried out partly in a controlled laboratory (hot box) and partly in underground and surface mine conditions (for instance o wet bulb temperatures of 25 to 35 C, dry bulb o temperatures of 30 to 45 C) to establish body core temperature elevation under varying heat accumulation rates using a statistically valid population of subjects. Length of exposure and rest time during tests should be considered. It is important that tests are undertaken on enough individual to gain variation in response reflecting difference in employee age, gender, body size and fitness. - Tests on the metabolic rate produced by the subjects examined for typical mine tasks. The metabolic rate can be assessed based on oxygen consumption during the designed exercise program undertaken in the Cortemp tests. - Development of a prototype heat strain model calibrated to the physiology of the range of employee groups within the mine workplace based on the findings from work outlined above. - Tests on the application of the meter in terms of economic and technical benefits. These tests should be undertaken on the range of employee groups; the meter should be tested in the arduous mine environment and Cortemp readings used for comparison purposes.  Firstly, physiologically the concept of the personal response heat stress meter involving ACP and body core temperature is most representative for employees working in a hot and humid mine environment. There is no dispute that the concept can be used to accurately reflect heat stress conditions and it is in the best interests of mine owners, employees and the relevant statutory authorities to promote its introduction and use. Secondly, the personal heat stress meter is calibrated to the individual physiology of the employee within the workplace and is able to assess individuals within any working environment. The use of the meter will allow more efficient mine planning for refrigeration requirements and reduce lost time through six hour and stop job conditions. Finally, the use of a heat stress meter which measures heat stress and heat strain directly will eliminate the need to use P4SR or ACP charts and can provide a consistent and simple method for use in the management control strategy with respect to potential heat stress conditions. It will also provide better workforce response and acceptance of six hour administration and reduce possible disagreement between supervisors and employees.  CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS The fundamentals of heat stress have been reviewed and the application of ACP as a heat stress index evaluated. The ACP concept is one of the most highly researched heat stress indices. Work conducted by the Chamber of Mines of South Africa on the ACP concept has been based on some primary assumptions that have inhibited the wide use of the concept in the mining industries of many western countries. Previous work has concluded that there was a need for the development of a heat stress index for use in all parts of Australia. A body temperature prediction concept based on the Cortemp thermometer tests has been developed. The concept is linked to a maximum safe body temperature at which a person will experience negligible risk of suffering heat stroke. This limit has been set at 39oC. It follows then that persons will be able to achieve a safe equilibrium body temperature in all instances where the calculated ACP equals or exceeds the rate of metabolic heat generated by the persons in question. Body temperature will increase only as the ACP calculated is less than the metabolic rate produced. The rate of body temperature increase will depend on the rate of heat accumulation (heat storage) within the body. Different    environmental conditions having the same heat accumulation rate may be assessed as having the same heat stress, in that they will all be associated with the same body temperature. The concept of direct measurement of heat stress and possible applications of the concept have been described in this paper. As the concept is the result of a theoretical evaluation based on limited empirical data, it will require a further detailed study on the relationship between the body core temperature and the heat accumulation rate. In spite of the need for this experimentation to be extensive, both the theoretical arguments and the potential usage of the concept appear sufficiently promising to warrant further work. REFERENCES Brumpton, S.K., 1993. The development of a hest stress monitoring instrument. Bachelor of Engineering Thesis, Department of Mining & Metallurgical Engineering, The University of Queensland. Gagge, J. et al 1969. The prediction of thermal comfort when thermal equilibrium is maintained by sweating, Trans. ASHRAE, Vol. 75, Part 2, pp. 108-112. Gillies, A.D.S., 1991. The problem of heat stress in the Australian mining industry, Report to AMIRA, January 1991. Howes, M.J., 1992. Mount Isa Mines - January 1992 Ventilation and Refrigeration Review, MIM Internal Report. McPherson, M.J., 1992. The generalisation of ACP, Proceedings 5th Internat. Min. Vent. Cong., Johannesburg, 1992, pp 27-35. Murray-Smith, A.J., 1987. The effects of clothing on heat stress in mining environment, Journal Mine Vent. Soc. S. Afr., Vol 40(3), pp 37-39. Stewart, J.M. and Van Rensburg, A.J., 1975. The link between thermal stress and physiological strain, Proceedings 1st Internat Min Vent Cong (Eds R Hemp and FH Lancaster), Johannesburg, pp 267-271 (Mine Vent Soc S Africa: Johnnesburg). Stewart, J.M., 1981. Heat transfer and limiting physiological criteria as a basis for the setting of heat stress limits, Journal of S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall., Vol 81, pp 239-251. Stewart, J.M., 1982. Fundamental of human heat stress, Ch. 20 in Environmental Engineering in South African Mines, Mine Vent. Soc. S. Afr., pp 495-533. Strydom, N.B., Benade, A.J.S. and V.D. Walt, W.H., 1975. The performance of the improved microclimate suit, J. S. Afr. Inst. Min. Metall. Vol. 76, pp. 329-333. Travers, I.B., 1990. Heat stress and its effects on miners, specifically in the underground environment, . Bachelor of Engineering Thesis, Department of Mining & Metallurgical Engineering, The University of Queensland. Wu, H.W., 1994. Mine ventilation recirculation and cooling strategies in deep Australian mines, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, Department of Mining & Metallurgical Engineering, The University of Queensland.    ",119);arrFiles[18]=new Array(19,"Papers/1998/1998 - February - 1ACOC dust explosion.pdf","2006-01-05","Microsoft Word - Woll9815.doc","","","Published as: A.D.S. Gillies and S Jackson, Some investigations into the explosibility of mine dust laden atmospheres, Proceedings First Australasian Coal Operators Conference, Aus. Inst. Min. Metall., Melbourne, pp 626-640 February 1998.  Woll9815.doc  1    SOME INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE EXPLOSIBILITY OF MINE DUST LADEN ATMOSPHERES A. D. S. Gillies and S. Jackson  Paper to be presented at the Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy 1st Australasian Coal Operators \' Conference, Wollongong, February 1998  CONTACT:  Dr Stewart Gillies, Department of Mining, Minerals and Materials Engineering, University of Queensland,Brisbane Queensland 4072 Phone 07 33653738, Fax 07 33653888, email gillies@minmet.uq.oz.au  AUTHORS \' AFFILIATIONS: Dr Stewart Gillies, Reader in Mining Engineering, Department of Mining, Minerals and Materials Engineering, University of Queensland,Brisbane Queensland 4072 Phone 07 33653738, Fax 07 33653888, email gillies@minmet.uq.oz.au Steven Jackson, Mining Engineer Girilambone Copper Company, PO Box 12 Girilambone New South Wales 2831 Phone 068 331091, Fax 068 331049  Woll9815.doc  2    SOME INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE EXPLOSIBILITY OF MINE DUST LADEN ATMOSPHERES  A. D. S. Gillies and S. Jackson ABSTRACT  An investigation into different aspects of importance in the understanding of explosibility of hybrid mixtures of coal dust, air and gases potentially found within mine workings through a comprehensive laboratory program of explosibility tests was conducted. Plotting of test results revealed that conditions of potential explosibility could be described using two dimensional flammability limit surfaces for coal dust/oxygen; methane/oxygen; and coal dust/methane mixtures. From these plots, the three dimensional flammability envelopes defining the explosibility of the coal dust/methane/oxygen mixtures can be defined and illustrated for a coal sample. The surfaces of the three dimensional envelope describe limits which separate inert mixtures of coal dust and methane at varying oxygen levels from those concentrations which are ignitable under defined conditions. It is considered appropriate to generalise that the geometric shapes of these limit regions are applicable to all type classifications of coal dust. There are practical applications of these results to the underground environment. The action of free radical initiators in the propagation of a methane gas explosion was examined for its applicability to the flammability of coal dust/gas/air mixtures. The oxides of nitrogen or NOx radicals have influence upon the lean limits of flammability of hybrid mixtures and this is illustrated by use of three dimensional coordinate geometry. Gases can be introduced to the underground environment through the exhaust gases of diesel equipment. It is concluded that radical species can substantially increase the flammability of gas and dust flames and as a consequence raise risk of mine atmosphere explosibility. INTRODUCTION Explosions are a continuing threat to the safety of operations in underground coal mines. Although each incident differs in structural details from others, one can nevertheless determine a typical scenario from the evidence of post disaster investigations (Hertzberg, et al., 1982). The usual sequence of events is for an initial  Woll9815.doc 3    ignition in a methane/air mixture to raise and disperse clouds of coal dust from the mine floor and ribs, thereby creating an atmosphere capable of sustaining a rapid deflagration. Many environmental and mechanical factors contribute to the explosion phenomenon. Modern mining methods and machinery are capable of high production rates from a single coal face resulting in the presence of increased levels of methane and coal dust which increase the risk of ignitions or explosions (Landman and Phillips, 1993). The production of coal dust quantities throughout the working sections of a mine is a byproduct of the cutting, loading and transporting operations conducted underground. Ventilation airflows carry the finer size fractions for some distances before being deposited onto floor, roof and ribs. In addition, high production rates in gassy mines can lead to the liberation of significant volumes of methane simultaneously with the formation of coal dust. The lineal advances obtainable with modern mining equipment in high output workings in bituminous coal mines cannot always be fully utilised because of an inability to maintain methane concentrations below acceptable limits (usually 1.0 to 2.0 per cent by volume as enforced by mining regulations). approaches to explosion suppression, improved ventilation and gas control measures. From a safety point of view the question arises as to whether increasing the limiting gas concentration (assuming homogeneous mixing) involves an increase in the risk of explosion. This question cannot be answered simply, for an increased methane concentration may affect not only the development of an explosion but also the incendivity of the airborne dust (Reeh, 1980). Dust concentrations that are currently of no practical importance with regard to explosion potential may, in combination with significant methane levels, present a hazard. High energy sparks which may ignite methane at very low concentrations can lead to a propagating explosion. It is therefore of interest to determine how high energy ignition sources interact with coal dust/methane/air mixtures ( hybrid mixtures ). The primary objective of this study can broadly be defined as an investigation into the ranges of explosibility of a Queensland coal dust in mixture with methane under varying oxygen levels. Diesel equipment finds wide use within the underground coal mining industry for the transport of personnel and equipment. As a result the composition of diesel exhaust gases has been widely studied in an effort to reduce the health hazards posed by toxic gases such as carbon monoxide and the various oxides of nitrogen. However recent work has established that some exhaust gases can ultimately increase the explosibility of mine atmospheres containing both coal dust and methane.  Woll9815.doc 4  Future  development trends are towards greater face production output. This may lead to demands for changes in    The action of free radical initiators in the propagation of a methane gas explosion has been examined for its applicability to the flammability of coal dust/gas/air mixtures. The influences of the oxides of nitrogen or NOx radicals upon the lean limits of flammability of hybrid mixtures have been investigated and some results are illustrated by use of three dimensional coordinate geometry. BACKGROUND The flammability of a system is describable as some form of limiting geometric surface that delineates a domain of flame propagation within from a region outside of that surface where flame propagation is not normally possible. That mathematical surface, the flammability limit surface, describes a discontinuity in the real combustion behaviour of any system. Its exact size and shape in space are of basic significance in evaluating the practical hazards involved in the use of fuels, refined substances, and synthetic chemicals. In the case of the explosibility of coal dust, work has been conducted upon the two dimensional explosibility surface for coal dust with respect to oxygen concentration. European researchers (Deguingand and Galant, 1981; Krzystolik and Sliz, 1988; Bartknecht, 1989; Wolanski, 1992) have hypothesised that while the lean limit concentration of dust is not greatly influenced by a reduction in oxygen concentration the rich limit concentration is significantly affected (figure 1).  Figure 1 The surface of explosibility for coal dust and oxygen (after Bartknecht 1989). This surface is broadlly definable by three points, namely the lean limit, rich limit and limiting oxygen concentration (LOC). The minimum suspended dust concentration in air that can sustain flame propagation is referred to as the lean flammability limit. There is a potential for a dust/air explosion in any environment in which the concentration of dust in air is above the lean flammability limit given an adequate ignition source.  Woll9815.doc 5    These findings suggest that an approximate value for the rich limit can be determined by extrapolation of limiting oxygen concentrations at two or more dust levels to determine the intercept at 21 per cent oxygen and so the corresponding dust concentration. The limits used to define the explosibility of a coal dust are the same as those defined for methane mixtures (figure 2). Coward (1929) derived the methane/oxygen relationship from empirical data that depicted whether mixtures of methane and oxygen in mine air were potentially explosive under certain conditions. Coward \'s triangle indicates that methane gas is explosive between approximately 5 and 15 per cent by volume when mixed with air. Each of these diagrams represents a two dimensional mathematical surface of compatible dimension defining the explosibility of the respective reactive fuel in the presence of a variable oxygen concentration.  Figure 2 Coward \'s Triangle for methane (after Coward, 1929). The methane/oxygen explosibility diagram is especially significant as methane is the most frequent constituent involved in mine explosions. However, major mine disasters caused by explosions invariably, in addition, involve coal dust. It therefore follows that these two diagrams could be utilised to draw a three dimensional envelope representing hybrid explosible mixtures. The dimensions for the envelope would be defined by the explosion limits of the coal dust, the methane and the limiting oxygen concentrations for both the dust and gas. Foniok (1985) defined a hybrid dispersive mixture as flammable dust in air with a small addition of flammable gas. This mixture has lower lean limits of explosibility than either of the flammable constituents.  Woll9815.doc 6    Further, a reduction in the minimum ignition energy to ignite the mixture and a reduction in the most explosive concentration of dust is apparent. Le Chatelier \'s law can predict the decrease in the lean flammability limit with methane admixture (McPherson, 1993). Le Chatelier proposed a linear relationship that weighs the lean limit for each of the two components (methane and coal dust) according to the percentage of each in the hybrid mixture. The three dimensional geometric surface defining the explosibility of hybrid mixtures of coal dust and methane gas under varying oxygen concentrations will be defined according to the explosion limits of the fuel. The concept of the three dimensional geometric surface has been described by Gillies and Jensen (1994). The size and shape of the explosibility envelope is defined by the explosion limits of the respective coal samples (Lebecki, 1991) as methane can be considered to be a constant fuel source. The oxides of nitrogen (NOx) are a common product found within diesel exhaust gases. Several oxides of nitrogen are usually found together and are collectively known as nitrous fumes (Le Roux, 1990). Nitrous fumes, being a mixture of NO, NO2, N2O4 and perhaps some N2O3, are within the mine environment present in the exhaust gases of diesel engines and are produced in small quantities by both oxyacetylene welding and arc welding. Of particular interest with regard to nitrous fumes is the characteristic that in the presence of high energy sources the fumes can act as a radical initiator. The result of this action is the formation of NO and NO2 radical ions. A radical can be defined as an atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron and includes such species as triphenylmethyl, chlorine atoms, sodium atoms and nitrogen dioxide (Nonhebel and Walton, 1974). Many free radical reactions are brought about by the addition of radical initiators to the reaction system. These initiators break down to form the free radicals. A large body of work (Sosnovsky, 1964; Peters, 1991; Leffler, 1993) confirms that nitrogen dioxide free radicals will enhance the reactions of hydrocarbons through a nitration process. The ease with which gasphase nitration occurs depends upon the nature of the hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbons that more readily yield radicals are usually the ones that are most easily nitrated. For example, methane is more difficult to nitrate than ethane as higher hydrocarbons can more easily disperse the methyl free radical. There are only a small number of publications referring to the temperature depression effects of NOx gases on methane ignition and related aspects under circumstances found within the mining industry. Coward (1934) described  concentric tube  ignition experiments undertaken by Dixon. He found that retention of  Woll9815.doc 7    traces of NOx dramatically reduced the ignition temperature of many combustible gases with a maximum depression of ignition temperature for methane/air mixtures of 122oC in the presence of 7000 ppm NOx. The Twentieth Annual Report of the British Safety in Mines Research Board (1941) reported that the presence of 2000 ppm NOx in a gaseous explosive mixture of air and hydrocarbons of 16 per cent ethane in methane was found to have its ignition temperature depressed from 732 to 550 °C. Later Annual Reports (1942/43/44) from the same organisation reported that a powdered explosive (70 per cent ammonium nitrate and 10 per cent nitroglycerine) introduced into air as fine particles depressed ignition temperature of methane/air mixtures from 700 to 370°C. Fairhall (1993) in a study at The University of Queensland confirmed the earlier findings of Dixon. He found that the introduction of chemically produced laboratory NOx gases into a methane/air mixture gave a 106°C ignition temperature depression at an introduced gas concentration of 1600 ppm. Diesel engines are in widespread use in modern underground coal mines. To achieve safe operating conditions, regular engine maintenance is required and maximum power output may have to be reduced and engine derating undertaken when operating at altitude by reducing the fuel injector setting to account for decreased atmospheric pressure. Australian state mining regulations set maximum NOx exhaust limits of 1000 to 2000 ppm. Fairhall (1993) reported some diesel emission data from a survey of working equipment in an Australian coal mine. He found that raw exhaust gas tests of five diesel machines using  Draeger  gas analysis stain tubes reported NOx emissions generally within the range of 300 to 400 ppm. One machine produced readings of 800 and 1000 ppm over two tests. Exhaust oxygen levels were generally less than seven per cent and carbon dioxide in excess of ten per cent. Within the general body of mine air the maximum NOx concentration recorded was 2.5 ppm in an air split with more than one unit of equipment in use. Examination of raw exhaust readings from another mine with 20 units of diesel equipment in use revealed NOx emission levels across the range 20 to 600 ppm. LABORATORY MEASUREMENTS A series of experimental determinations of the combustion behaviour of both coal dust and gas mixtures was conducted within a standard 20 litre explosion chamber sphere. Siwek (1982) described the design and standard method of operation of this chamber for the laboratory determination of dust and gas explosibility. A homogeneous dust cloud can be formed within the chamber through evacuation of the chamber followed by pneumatic dispersion of the pulverised dust. Methane and any other gases are added with a syringe. An  Woll9815.doc 8    ignition source comprising two chemical igniters is used to provide ignition energy of 10 kJ. Controls placed upon the system ensured that all tests were conducted with standardisation for both atmospheric temperature and pressure. Undertaking three identical tests at each concentration and five tests at each limit concentration tested repeatability of results. Details of the experimental approach are described in Jackson, Gillies and Golledge (1997). Although use of the 20 litre explosion test sphere has gained international acceptance for the laboratory evaluation of dust and gas ignitions, there exist two standard methods for defining an explosion. The principal difference between these is the ignition energy to be used. The standard set by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM E1226-88, 1994; ASTM E1515-93, 1994) recommends the use of a low energy ignition system with energy level no higher than 2.5 kJ. On the other hand, the International Standards Organisation (ISO 6184/1,2,3, 1995) recommends the use of a 10 kJ ignition energy for the testing of combustible dusts and a 10 J ignition energy for the testing of combustible gases. These recommendations also carry over to the testing of hybrid dust/gas flames where the ISO recommends use of the 10 kJ energy due to the presence of dust. However, by virtue of the reaction mechanism, gas flames and therefore hybrid flames are vulnerable to being overdriven by high ignition energy. As a result a discontinuity exists between the lean limit result for the high energy tested hybrid mixtures and the lean limit result for the low energy tested gas mixtures under ISO conditions. The ISO therefore recommends that when gas results are to be juxtaposed with hybrid results, the 10 kJ energy must be used (Siwek, 1982). As a result the lean limit values determined for methane using the ISO standard are significantly less than the accepted result of 5.0 per cent by volume predicted by the ASTM standard. For this investigation, results have been obtained and evaluated using both standards. It can be concluded that the explosion limits predicted by the ISO standard encompass dust and gas mixtures that will ignite but not propagate unless the shock wave produced by the ignition can subsequently raise dust into the atmosphere thereby creating a dust concentration within the ASTM explosive region. Those mixtures defined as explosive under ASTM conditions have properties to propagate a flame so long as neither the airborne dust or gas concentrations decrease.  Woll9815.doc  9    COAL DUST EXPLOSIBILITY Proximate analysis for the test coal sample is shown in table 1. Table 1 Proximate analysis result, %, for coal sample. Moisture Ash Volatile Matter Fixed Carbon 2.0 23.1 22.2 52.7  The lean and rich limit explosion data determined using the 20 litre testing chamber are shown in table 2. The testing of rich limits is inherently difficult due to the high dust concentrations involved, and as such, the rich limit data can only be taken as indicative of the real behaviour. Table 2 Lean and rich limit data, g/m3, for the coal dust sample. Standard Lean Limit Rich Limit ISO 40 5500 ASTM 60 5000  In addition to these results, the experimental series investigated the limiting oxygen concentration for the coal sample. In this case, the gaseous agent used to reduce the oxygen concentration within the vessel was nitrogen gas. It would be expected that if carbon dioxide were used as an inerting agent it would give results that vary slightly from those presented here. The results from the 20 litre chamber at reduced oxygen concentrations are shown in table 3.  Woll9815.doc  10    Table 3 Limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) data for coal sample. Oxygen(vol %) LOC (20 l) % Lean Limits (20 l) g/m3 21 15 10 9 Rich Limits (20 l), at 8.5 vol % oxygen, g/m3 METHANE EXPLOSIBILITY Coward \'s triangular shape for the limit surface of flammable gases has been widely applied to a variety of gases over an extensive range of ignition energies and explosion chamber types. The results obtained under ISO standards increased the range of explosive concentrations beyond those normally accepted. Siwek (1982) and Bartknecht (1989) have shown that increased ignition energies will reduce the lean limit value for methane ignitability and that high energy igniters (of the rating used) do not over drive the resulting explosion. The explosion limits for methane in air are illustrated in table 4. Table 4 Lean limits, vol%, for the flammability of methane gas in air. ISO Lean Limit Rich Limit Nose Limit Methane Oxygen 4 12 6 12 2 27 ASTM 4.5 16 8.5 ISO 7.0 40 50 60 70 230 ASTM 8.5 60 80 130 150 200  The limits resulting from the ASTM criteria mirror those results that are generally accepted for methane gas explosibility. The ISO data has expanded explosion limits results for all but the limiting oxygen  Woll9815.doc 11    concentration of 12 per cent oxygen. The explosion curves produced by the gas ignitions indicate that energies greater than 10 kJ have a significant effect upon the rate of gas ignition. This increase results in a subsequent increase in the explosion pressure produced by the gas ignition. It is unlikely that these increases caused by the high ignition energy will result in a propagating explosion. However, the possibility exists that the increased explosion pressure could raise mine dust into the atmosphere (Siwek, 1982). The ISO standard has been formulated to include these possibilities. HYBRID MIXTURES EXPLOSIBILITY Lean limit data at normal atmospheric oxygen concentrations for the coal dust sample in admixture with methane gas are illustrated in figure 3 which presents limit data over the range of gas concentrations for which explosions could be initiated. The data has been plotted to present an explosion profile with the coal dust concentrations on the vertical axis and the gas concentrations on the horizontal axis. The values determined for the lean limits of the methane gas in table 6 are taken as the first point of each curve on the horizontal axis. The vertical axis intercepts are taken from the limit data for the coal dust samples. All points between these two represent the measured values for lean limit concentrations at various methane concentrations. The resulting curves for each sample divide the graphs into three regions. Dust/gas mixtures with concentrations higher than the lean ASTM standard curve are capable of propagating a flame away from the ignition source without the necessity of added fuel. Concentrations falling within the region between the two standards represent those mixtures that cannot be guaranteed to propagate a flame. However these concentrations are capable of producing a shock wave of sufficient intensity to raise dust into the atmosphere, thereby creating a hybrid potentially explosive mixture. The lower region indicates mixtures that were found to be non-explosive under the ignition conditions within the explosion chamber. The ISO curves follow the trends predicted by Le Chatelier \'s law with a generally direct linear relationship. However the ASTM curve shows a trend toward a curve where the adsorbed methane alters the behaviour of coal insofar as its explosibility is concerned, even increasing the magnitude of the explosion to a greater extent than the alterations caused by the presence of methane in the atmosphere together with coal dust. This effect has been found in previous work (Torrent and Arevalo, 1993).  Woll9815.doc  12    60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 Methane Concentration (vol.%) IS O ASTM  Dust concentration (g/cu.m)  Figure 3 Lean limit data for the coal sample. The results obtained for the rich limit curve cannot be considered as reliable as those for lean limit. The laboratory testing of rich limits is inherently difficult due to the size of the equipment and the volume of dust required. It therefore becomes difficult to maintain a stable homogeneous dust cloud at the required concentration. Nevertheless, rich limit concentrations were determined although due to the reduction in accuracy for concentrations above 1 kg/m³, testing increments of 200 g/m³ were used. The rich limit data are shown in figure 4. The curves again portray three regions akin to the situation with lean limit curves. Both the ISO and ASTM curves follow the same trend with a near straight line relationship below 10 per cent by volume methane. However above 10 per cent methane, the coal dust rich limit concentration becomes more dependent on the methane concentration under ASTM conditions than under the ISO conditions. The rich limit curve for the hybrid mixture is determined mainly by the limiting oxygen concentrations (LOC) of the dust and gas. The LOC for the hybrid mixture is taken to be the lowest value of either the LOC (dust) or LOC (gas). In most cases, the LOC of the dust is the lowest value and therefore becomes the LOC value for the hybrid. As shown in figure 5, the LOC for the dust (and therefore the hybrid) occurs at dust concentrations between 50 and 100 g/m³. At this dust concentration the limiting effect from the displacement of oxygen by methane is at its most pronounced.  Woll9815.doc  13    6000 Dust Concentration (g/cu.m) 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 0 2 4 6 8 10 M e th a n e C o n c e n t r a t io n ( v o l.% ) IS O ASTM  1000 900 800 700 600 500 400 300 200 100 0 10 12 14  Dust Concentration (g/cu.m)  ISO ASTM  16  18  20  22  24  26  Methane Concentration (vol.% )  Figure 4 Rich limit data for the coal sample It is possible to speculate on the reasons for this behaviour with the ISO curve used as an example. The experimental series did not continue beyond 30 per cent by volume methane due to the inaccuracies in gas mixing at such high concentrations and therefore the rich limit curve could not be continued. However, by using the LOC for 30 g/m³ of 11 percent by volume oxygen and assuming that methane has the same effect as nitrogen, a rich limit value of 47 percent by volume methane is obtained. The rich limit action of methane is not simply explained by inertisation of the atmosphere through oxygen depletion. Methane in this reaction undergoes a slow combustion under which more energy is consumed than is produced. While there may be sufficient oxygen to allow an initial ignition to occur, it does not progress as the released energy by combustion is less than the ignition energy required for propagation of the explosion within the surrounding atmosphere.  Woll9815.doc 14    LIMITING FLAMMABILITY SURFACE FOR THE HYBRID MIXTURE SYSTEM Data discussed to this point has been two dimensional in nature, presenting information on the behaviour of dust/oxygen, methane/oxygen, or dust/methane mixtures. Gillies and Jensen (1994) have shown that these two dimensional explosibility surfaces can be brought together to form a three dimensional mathematical surface describing the flammability limits of dust/methane/oxygen mixtures potentially found within the underground environment. This envelope, the flammability limit surface, has been defined for the coal sample under both ISO and ASTM conditions in figure 5. As explained previously, the ASTM region includes mixtures that are capable of propagating a flame out from the ignition source. The ISO region poses a marginally lower hazard, as the mixtures cannot propagate a flame on their own. These mixtures require the addition of more dust or gas, or a slightly higher oxygen concentration to allow an explosion to occur. However the power of the initial ignition produced by these mixtures is sufficient to raise dust into the general body of air. Such an event could lead to a propagating explosion. It is therefore evident that the ignition source and the ignition energy will significantly alter the size and shape of the flammability envelope with respect to both the coal dust and the methane gas. For the methane gas in particular, both the ASTM and ISO standards produced lean and rich limit data at variance to generally accepted results. Under the ISO standard at high ignition energy the lean limit for the methane was found to be as low as 2.0 per cent by volume. The experiments indicated that increased ignition energy would expand the explosion limits of methane gas. Far from overdriving the gas flame within the laboratory chamber, the increased energy simply allowed the gas to burn at a faster rate. Bartknecht (1989) has determined that this laboratory simulated effect will extrapolate to the real environment.  Woll9815.doc  15    Figure 5 Absolute flammability limit surface for the coal sample THE INFLUENCE OF NOX ON EXPLOSIBILITY OF COAL DUST/METHANE GAS HYBRID MIXTURES A comprehensive experimental series was undertaken to determine the lean limits of flammability for dust, gas and hybrid mixtures in the presence of NOx gas. The tests were conducted at methane concentrations from 1.0 to 18.0 per cent by volume with addition of 2000 ppm of NOx. This test concentration level of NOx was selected as representative of the upper statutory limit allowable under some Australian mine regulations. Results indicated that the NOx gas can reduce the lean limit concentration for methane under ISO standards with an ignitable mixture of gas being formed from as little as 1.5 per cent methane by volume. Data has been plotted in figure 6 under ISO standards and figure 7 under ASTM standards. These curves clearly show the reduction in the lean limit values in the presence of the 2000 ppm NOx. The effect of the radical on the ISO standard is substantial. The effect on the ASTM standard curve is also significant with the methane lean limit reduced to 3.5 per cent by volume and the dust lean limit to 40 g/m3.  Woll9815.doc  16    40 Dust Concentration (g/cu.m) 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 0 0. 5 1 1. 5 2 2. 5 Me tha ne Concentration (vol.%) 2000 ppm NOx 0 ppm NOx  Figure 6 Influence of NOx on lean limits of hybrid mixtures under ISO standards.  Dust Concentration (g/cu.m)  60 50 40 30 20 10 0 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 Methane Concentration (vol.%) 2000 ppm NOx 0 ppm NOx  Figure 7 Influence of NOx on lean limits of hybrid mixtures under ASTM standards.  Woll9815.doc  17    Figures 6 and 7 curves have characteristic shapes dividing the region into three distinctive sections. Under both standards the maximum decrease in the lean limit values occurred at less than 1.5 per cent by volume methane. The experimental series also investigated the influence of the radical initiator upon coal dust at lowered oxygen concentrations. This testing could not be expanded to include the testing of methane gas at lower oxygen concentrations due to the difficulties in adding the methane and NOx to the 20 litre test chamber in accurate quantities. When the NOx/air mixtures were formed, the resulting oxygen/nitrogen ratio was no longer 21:78. The results from limited oxygen concentration testing on dust at a single concentration of NOx of 2000 ppm are shown in table 5. Table 5 Limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) for dust in air under the influence of NOx free radicals.  NOx Concentration Oxygen (vol.%) 21.0 15.0 10.0 9.0 8.5 7.0 6.0 70 LOC ISO  0 ppm ASTM (g/m ) 60 60 120 LOC  3  2000 ppm ISO (g/m ) 25 30 40 50 70 LOC  3  ASTM Coal Dust (g/m ) 40 50 80 LOC  3  Coal Dust Coal Dust Coal Dust (g/m ) 40 50 60  3  At standard atmospheric oxygen concentrations the presence of the radical acts by reducing the influence of the rate determining reactions which form part of the methane gas flame system. However at lower oxygen concentrations, the presence of NOx acts to remove the dependence of the reaction on the oxidation process and replaces it with a nitration process. This effect is only limited owing to the small quantity of NOx present in the tests with the result that LOC values did not extend below 10 per cent by volume.  Woll9815.doc  18    HYBRID MIXTURES IN ADMIXTURE WITH OXIDES OF NITROGEN Testing was conducted upon concentrations of hybrid mixtures of methane gas and coal dust. A laboratory produced gas mixture of NO, NO2 and air at a concentration of approximately 2000 ppm of NOx was added to these mixtures. The results indicated that the presence of NOx has a significant effect on the explosibility of coal dust/methane/air hybrid mixtures. Figure 8 graphically sets down lean concentration findings under ASTM definition standards.  Figure 8 Effect of presence of free radicals upon coal dust/methane/air hybrid explosibility under ASTM definition standards This three dimensional block represents the explosive envelope for the hybrid mixtures at varying oxygen concentrations. The lightest shaded region illustrates atmospheric concentrations under normal temperature and pressure conditions at which an underground coal mine may operate without the potential of ignitions occurring. If, however, 2000 ppm of NOx gas is present in the atmosphere, the dark potentially explosive region is expanded to include the marginal grey region to account for reductions in the lean limit values for dust/gas hybrid mixtures. The situation using the ISO standards interpretation is illustrated in figure 9.  Woll9815.doc  19    Figure 9 Effect of presence of free radicals upon hybrid atmosphere explosibility under ISO standards. It can be seen that the oxides of nitrogen gas have a significant effect upon minimum oxygen concentration levels required for a potentially explosive mixture. This is due to the fact that the oxidation of the fuel has been replaced to some degree by the nitration of the methane gas. This allows the methane to produce the methyl free radical readily at low oxygen concentrations. However the reaction system requires some oxygen due to the low concentrations of nitrates and so a limiting oxygen concentration is observed. The effect of nitrates upon coal dust in the absence of methane is largely due to the volatile gases produced by the initial heating of the coal grains. The nitrate radical will attack these volatiles thereby reducing the lean limit concentration for dust. The influence of nitrous fumes acting as free radicals to increase the rate of reaction for combustible gases has been examined and the effect shown to be significant. Of particular significance is the effect of the radical upon lean limit concentrations necessary for an ignition leading to a propagating explosion to occur. However the probability of nitrous fumes from diesel exhausts building to sufficient quantities to constitute a hazard is low due to the high quantities of mine ventilating air that are found under modern mining method. Coal mine regulations have been formulated based on generally understood combustion behaviour of gases tested in isolation or commonly occurring mixtures such as coal dust/methane atmospheres. It would appear  Woll9815.doc 20    that empirically based studies are required to confirm the behaviour of complex gas mixtures that may be found underground with increasing use of mechanisation and introduction of various  artificial  manmade materials. The possibility exists that the action of the radicals can be used to increase the safety of underground operations. A methane flame will only propagate as long as enough radicals are produced by the chain branching reactions to maintain production of the methyl free radical. If an impurity in the form of a radical scavenger were to be introduced to the system, the scavenger could act to inert the radicals being produced by the branching reactions and therefore remove the ability of the methane to form the methyl radical. In such a situation, although the methane concentration may be within the explosive region, the flame would not propagate thereby causing flame extinction. It is therefore concluded that the action of appropriate radicals could be used as a method of atmospheric extinction within sealed panels. CONCLUSIONS A coal sample from Queensland \'s Bowen Basin has been studied for explosibility behaviour under laboratory conditions using a 20 litre capacity testing chamber. The lean and rich limit concentrations for the dust sample in air were determined utilising ISO and ASTM standards. Further, the trends in the limit concentrations were examined while reducing the oxygen concentrations until the point of limiting oxygen concentration had been established. For the explosion testing of methane in oxygen, the results mirrored those of Coward (1929) with respect to the triangular shape of the flammability limit surface. The test apparatus indicated a lean limit of explosibility for methane of 4.5 per cent by volume. However methane gas will produce a high rate of pressure rise at 2.0 percent by volume under the influence of high ignition energy. This low concentration can therefore be considered to be flammable. The limiting oxygen concentration for the methane explosion test was determined to be 12.2 per cent by volume, a finding that agrees with published work (Bartknecht, 1989, Mintz, 1993). Lean limit concentrations for the hybrid mixture of coal and methane generally followed Le Chatelier \'s law. However the ISO standard results exhibit a phenomenon in which the lean limit of the hybrid is less than the sum of its components. This occurs due to the fact that not all of the coal mass is involved in the explosion when the lean limit for the coal is determined. The addition of methane enables more of the coal mass to ignite and thereby reduces the lean limit for the hybrid mixture.  Woll9815.doc  21    The two dimensional flammability limit surfaces developed were used to construct a three dimensional flammability limit surface. This surface describes the explosion limits of the coal dust/methane/oxygen system and is most significantly influenced by the explosibility characteristics of coal dust with the limiting oxygen concentration for the system paralleling that of the coal. Methane presents a stronger influence over the explosion limits when low volatile content coals are considered.  An examination has been made of the action of free radical initiators and in particular the influence of the NOx radical on the lean limits of explosibility of mine atmospheres carrying coal dust/ methane gas mixtures. Two and three dimensional geometry has been used to illustrate the effects. It is concluded that the presence of radical species can significantly change explosibility characteristics of methane gas, airborne coal dust and hybrid mixtures and substantially reduce flammability limits of the atmospheric mixtures. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The authors acknowledge the generous assistance and advice given throughout this investigation by a number of parties and, in particular, the financial and technical expertise extended by the management and staff of the Queensland Government \'s Safety in Mines Testing and Research Station, Redbank. REFERENCES  ASTM E1226-88, 1994. Pressure and Rate of Pressure Rise for Combustible Dusts. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14: General Methods and Instrumentation, Volume 14.02, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. ASTM E1515-93, 1994. Minimum Explosible Concentration of Combustible Dusts. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Section 14: General Methods and Instrumentation, Volume 14.02, American Society for Testing and Materials, Philadelphia, PA. Bartknecht W., 1989. Dust Explosions - Course, Prevention, Protection, Springer-Verlag, 270p Coward H.F., 1929. Explosibility of Atmospheres Behind Stoppings, Transactions of the Institution of Mining Engineers, vol. 77: 94-108. Coward, H.F., 1934. Ignition Temperatures of Gases.  Concentric Tube  Experiments of (the late) Harold Baily Dixon. Chemical Society Journal, 304: 1382-1406 Deguingand B., and Galant S., 1981. Upper Flammability Limits of Coal Dust-Air Mixtures. The Eighteenth Symposium (International) on Combustion, The Combustion Institute, Waterloo: 705-715. Fairhall D.J., 1993. A Review of Factors Affecting the Ignition Temperature and Flammability Limits of Combustible Mine Gases, with Research into the Effects of Oxides of Nitrogen on the Ignition Temperature of Methane. Unpublished Bachelor of Engineering Thesis, The University of Queensland. Foniok R., 1985. Hybrid Dispersive Mixtures and Inertized Mixtures of Coal Dust - Explosiveness and Ignitability, Luft, vol. 45 no. 4: 151-154. Gillies A.D.S., and Jensen B., 1994. Coal Dust Explosibility and the Coward Triangle, AusIMM Proceedings, vol 299 no. 2: 3-8. Woll9815.doc 22    Hertzberg M., Cashdollar K.L., Lazzara C.P., and Smith A.C., 1982. Inhibition and Extinction of Coal Dust and Methane Explosions. U.S. Bureau of Mines Report of Investigations, 8708, Pittsburgh, Pa. ISO 6184/1, 1995. Explosion Protection Systems - Part 1: Determination of Explosion Indices of Combustible Dusts in Air, International Organisation of Standardisation. ISO 6184/2, 1995. Explosion Protection Systems - Part 2: Determination of Explosion Indices of Combustible Gases in Air, International Organisation of Standardisation. ISO 6184/3, 1995. Explosion Protection Systems - Part 3: Determination of Explosion Indices of Fuel/Air Mixtures other than Dust/Air and Gas/Air Mixtures, International Organisation of Standardisation. Jackson S, Gillies A D S and Golledge P, 1997. Investigation into the limits of explosibolityy of hybrid mixtures of coal dust and methane gas, Institution of Mining and Metallurgy Transactions, London vol 106 ppA69 - A76. Krzystolik P., and Sliz J., 1988. Effectiveness of Ignition Sources of Dust-Air Mixtures. Proceedings of the 22nd International Conference of Safety in Mines Research Institutes (ed. D. Guoquan), Ministry of Coal Industry, Beijing: 501-509. Landman G.v.R., and Phillips H.R., 1993. Explosibility of Methane/Dust Mixtures at the Coal Face. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference of Safety in Mines Research Institutes, Pretoria: 49-59. Lebecki K., 1991. Gas Dynamics of Coal Dust Explosions-Theory and Experiment. Proceedings of the 24th International Conference of Safety in Mines Research Institutes, Moscow: 357-367. Leffler, J.E., 1993. An Introduction to Free Radicals. John Wiley, New York. Le Roux, W.L., 1990. Le Roux \' Notes on Mine Environmental Control - 4th ed.. The Mine Ventilation Society of South Africa, s Johannesburg, 190 pp. McPherson M.J. 1993. Subsurface Ventilation and Environmental Engineering, Chapman & Hall London. Ministry of Fuel and Power, UK.1941. Twentieth Annual Report of the Safety in Mines Research Board. Ministry of Fuel and Power, UK 1942. Twenty-First Annual Report of the Safety in Mines Research Board. Ministry of Fuel and Power, UK 1943. Twenty-Second Annual Report of the Safety in Mines Research Board. Ministry of Fuel and Power, UK 1944. Twenty-Third Annual Report of the Safety in Mines Research Board. Mintz K.J., 1993. Upper Explosive Limit of Dusts: Experimental Evidence for its Existence Under Certain Circumstances. Combustion and Flame 94, The Combustion Institute: 125-130. Nonhebel, D.C., and Walton, J.C., 1974. Free-radical Chemistry, Structure and Mechanism. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. Peters, N., 1991. Reducing Mechanisms. Reduced Kinetic Mechanisms and Asymptotic Approximations for Methane-Air Flames, (Ed. M.D. Smooke), Lecture Notes in Physics Series No. 384, Springer Verlag, Berlin. Reeh D., 1980. The Influence of Small Concentrations of Methane on the Explosion Characteristics of Coal Dust. International Conference on Coal Mine Safety Research, Washington D.C. Siwek R, 1982. Explosion Characteristics and Influencing Factors. International Symposium on Control and Prevention of Dust Explosions, Basel, Switzerland: 149-164. Torrent J.G., and Arevalo J.J., 1993. Increase in Coal Explosibility due to Methane Adsorption. Proceedings of the 25th International Conference of Safety in Mines Research Institutes, Pretoria, South Africa: 1-19. Sosnovsky, G., 1964. Free Radical Reactions in Preparative Organic Chemistry. The Macmillan Company, New York. Wolanski P., 1992. Dust Explosion Research in Poland. Powder Technology, 71: 197-206, Elsevier Sequoia.  Woll9815.doc  23    LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Proximate analysis result, %, for coal sample. Table 2 Lean and rich limit data, g/m3, for the coal dust sample. Table 3 Lower oxygen concentration (LOC) data for coal sample. Table 4 Lean limits, vol%, for the flammability of methane gas in air. Table 5 Limiting oxygen concentration (LOC) for dust in air under the influence of NOx free radicals. LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 The surface of explosibility for coal Figure 2 Coward \'s Triangle for methane (after Coward, 1929). Figure 3 Lean limit data for the coal sample. Figure 4 Rich limit data for the coal sample Figure 5 Absolute flammability limit surface for the coal sample Figure 6 Influence of NOx on lean limits of hybrid mixtures under ISO standards. Figure 7 Influence of NOx on lean limits of hybrid mixtures under ASTM standards. Figure 8 Effect of presence of free radicals upon coal dust/methane/air hybrid explosibility under ASTM Figure 9 Effect of presence of free radicals upon hybrid atmosphere explosibility under ISO standards.  Woll9815.doc  24    ",170);arrFiles[19]=new Array(20,"Papers/1998/1998 - May - CMMCCanada H2S mining.pdf","2006-01-05","Microsoft Word - H2SCan98.doc","","","Published as: T. J. M. Harvey, S. Cory, M. S. Kizil and A. D. S Gillies, Mining through H2S seam gas zones in underground coal mines, Proceedings Council Min. Metall. Congress, Montreal, Can. Inst. Min. Metall., Toronto, May 1998.    Mining Through H2S Seam Gas Zones in Underground Coal Mines  Timothy J. M. Harvey Shell Coal Pty Ltd. Brisbane Sean Cory Oaky Creek Mine, Queensland Australia. Dr Mehmet S. Kizil, and Assoc. Prof Stewart Gillies The University of Queensland, Australia.  ABSTRACT Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) has been encountered in several collieries in the Bowen Basin coal reserves located in Central Queensland, Australia. Significant occurrences have been found in the underground workings at Collinsville No 2 Mine, Oaky Creek No 1 Mine and Southern Colliery. Longwall panels at Oaky Creek and Southern Colliery have recently mined through H2S zones, and mining will intersect more H2S zones in the next few years. The release of up to 40 litres of H2S per tonne of coal mined was predicted from the Southern Colliery panel and mining produced levels of up to 200ppm of H2S in the return roadway from the longwall. This paper details the experiences associated with mining through these H2S zones and the methods used to detect and predict its existence. It outlines safe working procedures and monitoring approaches undertaken. The paper provides an overview of research directions pertinent to the reduction and control of H2S in coal. RÉSUMÉ On trouve du sulfure d \'hydrogène (H2S) dans de nombreuses mines de houille du bassin Bowen du Centre Queensland, Australie. En particulier, des quantités importantes ont été rencontrées dans des mines souterraines, plus précisément à la mine No 2 de Collinsville, la mine No 1 de Oaky Creek et la mine Southern. Les panneaux de long mur à Oaky Creek ainsi qu \'à la mine Southern ont récemment progressé à travers des zones à H2S, et de plus en plus de zones à H2S seront exploitées dans les prochaines années. Il était prédit que la quantité de H2S attendrait jusqu \'à 40 litres de H2S par tonne de charbon extraite en provenance du panneau de la mine Southern et que l \'exploitation de la mine produirait jusqu \'à 200ppm de H2S sur la voie de retour du long mur. Cet article rend compte des expériences associées avec l \'exploitation de ces zones à H2S et des méthodes employées pour en détecter et prédire l \'existence. Il est fait mention des procédures se rattachant à la sécurité du travail et des approches utilisées pour la detection. L \'article fait le point sur les directions de la recherche liée à la réduction et au control du H2S dans le charbon.    INTRODUCTION The occurrence of significant quantities of hydrogen sulphide (H2S) in coal seam gases is rare around the world. H2S has been recorded as occurring in coal seams in North America, Russia, China, France and Australia. In Australia significant occurrences have been found in the underground workings at Collinsville No 2 Mine, Oaky Creek No 1 Mine and Southern Colliery (See figure 1). The Southern and Oaky Creek collieries are underground longwall operations, mining the German Creek seam, the lower major economic seam of the Bowen Basin \'s Permian German Creek formation.  Ab b o t Point B OWEN  20 S  QLD  AUSTRALIA  Co l l i n s v i l l e  Co l l i n s v i l l e  0  M ACKAY D al rym p l e Bay Hay Point  1 0 0 km  B O WE N  M o ran b ah  22 S  Bl a i r A t ho l  D ys ar t Ge r m a n Creek Oa ky Creek RO C KHAM PTO N Eme ral d B la c k w at er  BAS IN  M i ne To w ns h i p Ra i l w a y  Cl i n t o n GLAD STO NE  24 S  B aral ab a B il o e l a M o u ra M o n to  C oal Measures Exp o rt Terminal  14 8 E  15 0 E  Th e o d o re  Figure 1. Locality Map  Figure 2. H2S Zones in Oaky Creek and German Creek Collieries  At Southern Colliery H2S gas was encountered for the first 800m of mains development (1988) and during the development and extraction of the first longwall block, 601 (Phillips et al 1990) (See Figure 2). Significant H2S was not found again until the development of the gate roads for the 701 longwall block in January 1995 (Ko Ko and Ward 1996). The H2S zone was not mined in 701 longwall panel as poor roof and weak floor conditions required the longwall face to be relocated outbye of the H2S zone. In June 1996, H2S was encountered again during development of the 702 panel maingate. Development, drilling and testing has delineated a continuous H2S zone through at least four longwall panels (701 to 704). At Oaky Creek No 1 Colliery a zone of H2S seam gas was intersected in longwall 8 block (See figure 2.). This zone was mined between October and December 1996. Other minor occurrences of H2S have been found in the Bowen Basin at Newlands, Crinum, Gregory and Gordonstone mines. GENERAL INFORMATION ON H2S Properties of H2S H2S, which is also known as sulphuretted hydrogen or rotten egg gas has no colour but a powerful and unpleasant odour. It is liquid at high pressure and low temperature. It has a specific gravity of 1.19, and burns in air with a bright blue flame producing sulphur dioxide and water vapour. The human nose can detect concentrations as low as    0.02ppm, however increasing exposure desensitises the olfactory organ and concentration levels above 50ppm can no longer be smelt. The residence time of H2S in the atmosphere is fairly short as it breaks down readily. H2S forms flammable mixtures in air in the range of 4.5 - 45%. It is highly reactive and corrosive to all organic and metallic compounds. For example, the corrosion rate of H2S to carbon steel can be as high as 2.5 mm/yr (Grayson and Eckroth 1983). H2S is soluble in alkanolamines, which are used as scrubbing solvents for removal of H2S from gas streams. It is also soluble in water at the rate of 4 kg/m3 at 20 °C - 2.9 vol. gas/vol. H2O at 20 °C. Occurrence of H2S H2S has been found in deposits of rock salt, sulphur, gypsum, lead, petroleum and natural gas. It is also present in the gases from many volcanoes, sulphur springs, undersea vents, swamps and stagnant bodies of water. Bacterial reduction of sulphates and bacterial decomposition of proteins form H2S (Grayson and Eckroth 1983). Large quantities of H2S occur in natural gas deposits of France and Canada. The occurrence of fossil H2S gas in coal measure strata has been noted in France, Canada, China, Russia and Australia (Ko Ko and Ward 1996). In a study by Smith and Philips (1990) on the sulphur isotope ratio 34S/32S, the source of the H2S is biological reduction of sulphate supplied from a marine transgression which was generated in a low iron environment and was not converted to pyrite. This allowed large quantities of H2S to react with organic matter and to be trapped within the coal seam during the maturation. Moelle (1987) (cited Phillips et al, 1990) suggests that the occurrence of H2S in Europe was associated with sapropelic muds containing the remains of the Carboniferous plant families Neuropteris, Lonchopteris and Sphenopteris of Carboniferous age. Resent research into the sources of H2S in coal at Oaky Creek and Southern Collieries has given more weight to an organic rather than an inorganic source (Golding et al, 1998). Physiological Effects of H2S H2S is an extremely toxic gas and can cause death at exposures above 500ppm. It irritates the lungs and respiratory tract and has a narcotic effect on the central nervous system (Strang and Mackenzie-Wood 1990). H2S in sufficiently high concentrations will dull the sense of smell, preventing an unwary worker from detecting its presence. The reaction of H2S with fluids in the nose and lungs forms sulphuric acid. The toxicity of H2S is due to the H2S molecule itself rather than to Hydrosulphide or sulphur ions (Elvers et al, 1989). Much toxicological data has been published on animals exposed to massive dosages of H2S. These data confirm observations made on humans though information on chronic or long-term effects remains limited. The acute toxicity of H2S is comparable in animals and humans. Despite numerous detailed examinations of rabbits, rats and mice that inhaled daily doses of H2S at concentrations in air up to 80 ppm over three to five months, no specific chronic effects have been reported (Toxigenics, Inc., 1983). The effect of H2S on a person \'s health can be extreme, depending on the concentration to which they are exposed. The duration of exposure, while still important, is of secondary interest as indicated in Figure 3. Threshold Limits of H2S The maximum allowable concentration of H2S in the mine atmosphere permitted by the Queensland Coal Mining Act General Rules for Underground Coal Mines is 10 ppm (0.001%). This applies to any airway that workers may enter, including belt roads and returns. An exemption may be granted from the Chief Inspector upon receiving written application. The Australian Standard for exposure to H2S are 10 ppm (TWA-8 hours) or 15 ppm (STEL-15 min.). The United States US Department of Labor, Occupational Safety and Health Administration \'s acceptable ceiling concentration is 20 ppm for 10 minutes once only if no other measurable exposure occurs. The acceptable maximum peak concentration above the acceptable ceiling concentration for an 8-hr shift is 50 ppm.    100  Time (Minute)  10  Immediate Loss of Consciousness  1  M i nor Reactions  Severe Reactions  Loss of Consciousness  DEATH  0 10 20 40 60 80 100 20 400 600 1000 H2S Concentration ppm (vol) Figure 3. Effects of H2S as a Function of Concentration and Exposure Time AUSTRALIAN COAL ASSOCIATION RESEARCH PROGRAM (ACARP) PROJECT A research project,  Maximising Coal Production in the Presence of H2S Seam Gas  jointly funded by ACARP, Oaky Creek and Southern Collieries is being undertaken to investigate: · · · · · · · Occurrence of H2S Prediction of H2S release Storage Mechanisms Mine ventilation system and control measurements Mining options Permeability In seam chemical neutralisation.  The project is being staffed by a research team from the University of Queensland, Departments of Mining, Minerals and Materials Engineering, Earth Sciences and Chemistry (Gillies et al 1997). MEASUREMENT, MONITORING AND PREDICTION OF H2S ZONES The predicting of H2S content ahead of mining has been improved by the development of testing and sampling procedures and the correlation of test results with the actual release of H2S measured during mining. Sampling Obtaining representative samples from coal containing H2S is complex. H2S is a difficult gas to contain as it is highly reactive and is able to permeate through container walls. The desorption rates of H2S varies with the mineralogy of coal, with gas desorbing more rapidly from inertinite than vitrinite (Golding et al, 1998). For longer-term storage of samples Teflon containers were used and for gas content tests samples were sealed in plastic bags and tested within hours of collection. Samples are either collected from ribs or face soon after mining or from core from in-seam horizontal drilling or vertical surface drilling, prior to mining. The results from sampling can then be contoured to estimate the extent of H2S zone.    Testing A drum tumbler system was developed to determine the H2S content of coal at Southern Colliery (Phillips et al 1990). A modified design with the ability to constantly sample gas during coal breakage was developed by O&B Scientific (see Figure 4). The system rotates a 255 litre drum constructed from High Density Polyethylene (HDPE) end to end about a central stainless steel shaft. The drum tumbles a weighed sample at 20 rpm for 60 revs. The period of rotation is selected to produce coal breakage representative of the size of coal on the armoured face conveyor (AFC). The sample is sized after testing. The test is used to determine the volume of H2S released into the atmosphere from a given sample under controlled conditions.  ROTOMETER Sample line Return sample  PUMP  DRUM  COMPUTER  FILTER  DATATAKER  GAS SAMPLER  Figure 4. Drum Tumbler System H2S Detection And Monitoring To protect against overexposure to H2S continuous monitoring instruments are installed on face and in outbye areas. These instruments are based on the diffusion characteristics of toxic gases and usually incorporate an electrochemical detector, which generates an electric current, as the toxic gas passes over it. This current is converted into an audible and/or visual display signal. These sensors are used to continuously monitor H2S gas concentration levels in face areas and outbye ventilation circuits. Portable sensors, set to alarm at 10ppm and to record TWA and STEL levels, are carried by mine officials and were provided to operators when mining in H2S zones. Prediction of H2S zones The prediction of in-situ coal H2S gas liberation levels which will be released in the mining sequence during cutting, breakage and transport can be achieved by comparing the indicated and actual amount of H2S released. The indicated H2S released is determined from face and rib samples gathered during mining operations and tested using the drum tumbler. The actual release is determined by logging coal production, measuring ventilation quantities at regular intervals, and monitoring the H2S levels in the return at 5-second intervals. The correlation between the results of indicated and actual H2S released has varied. At Oaky Creek the correlation was reasonable while at Southern Colliery good correlation was achieved. This difference is thought to be mainly due to faster desorption of H2S from Oaky Creek coal affecting the reliability of the test results. Release of H2S A study was undertaken to determine where H2S was released during mining. Data was collected from a series of H2S monitors placed along the face and in the longwall conveyor roadway. This data together with shearer position information enabled a quantitative estimate to be made of H2S release. Table 1 shows the proportion of H2S released from each source.    TABLE 1. Sources of H2S During Mining  Source  Range  50% to 70% 5% to 10% 10% to 15% 5% to 10% 10% to 20%  Shearer Armoured Face Conveyor (depends on location of H2S zone along face) Maingate corner Desorbed from face Crusher, Beam Stage Loader and longwall conveyor  Attempts were made to determine the total H2S content of coal using the silver nitrate test (Phillips et al 1990) and extended to drum tumbler tests. The results were far from conclusive due to desorption of H2S from coal and the range of instruments used. However they did show that the total H2S content of coal could be greater than 500 litres per tonne. This means that only between 2% and 10% of total H2S is released during mining. CONTROLLING H2S EMISSION Mine Ventilation Design The existence of H2S gas in a coal seam poses operational and health and safety problems. The mine ventilation system can be changed to maximise safe production through the affected zones. For a longwall face the best ventilation option would be to use a full homotropal system (ie ventilation in direction of coal flow on face and in longwall conveyor road) and keep all operators on the intake side of the shearer. However undercurrent Queensland legislation this is not allowed. An alternative system with antitropal ventilation on the face and homotropal ventilation in conveyor road was used with reasonable success. The H2S emissions were controlled by increasing ventilation quantity and varying cutting rate (See Figure 5). For development sections an exhausting duct system was used for face ventilation with homotropal ventilation in conveyor roads. This in conjunction with personal monitors and remote operation of continuous miner enables operator exposure to H2S to be controlled.  Figure 5. Face Monitor and Ventilation System    Mining Options to Reduce H2S Emission The reduction the H2S emissions during mining can be achieved by cutting coal at a slower rate and by reducing the amount of fines produced. At Southern Colliery operators quickly learned that they could control the emission level on their personal H2S monitors by varying the cutting rate. This combined with feed back on the H2S released on previous shift contributed to the production rates achieved in the H2S zone. The size analysis of coal samples after drum tumbling and face samples together with H2S release data have shown that the H2S release is proportional to the surface area of broken coal. Although research into reducing the fines during cutting is being considered the incremental result is thought to be less than reducing H2S content of coal by chemical infusion prior to mining. Spray Chemical Neutralisation of the Gas In order to determine the effects of sprays on reducing H2S levels in atmosphere a test rig was set up by the CSIRO. The aim was to simulate a H2S contaminated mine roadway and to test the effects of water, different chemicals, varying pH, varying flow rates and varying spray droplet size (see Figure 6). Three series of tests were undertaken and produced positive results. The best giving a 91 percent reduction in H2S levels. The initial test used sodium hydroxide to control pH and sodium hypochlorite to oxidise H2S. This test proved effective, however the pH of the solution at 12.4 was unacceptable for the mining environment. Varying spray droplet size between 50 and 150 micron produced little difference in the effective removal of H2S. Later tests replaced sodium hydroxide with a buffer solution to keep the pH below 10 and these produced acceptable results. However tests without hypochlorite using buffer only reduced the effectiveness of H2S removal to less than 50 percent.  HS  2  100% H S  2  Water/c hemical sprays  H S Monitor  2  333  Air In Air flow reading Fan  Figure 6. Set up for H2S Spray Tests  610mm Vent Duct  In-Seam Chemical Neutralisation Except for one study in China, there is no published research on suppressing H2S gas in coal. In Wuda Coal Mining Area in China two years of underground testing and 3 years of laboratory experiments carried out in the late 1980 \' s revealed that H2S gas emissions can be reduced between 50 to 70 percent by forced injection of chemical absorbent into the coal seam and 77 percent reduction can be achieved by chemical spray at the workface (Peng et al, 1992). An infusion experiment was carried out in the H2S zone in 702 Longwall at Southern Colliery (see Figure 7). This tested the effectiveness of using water and buffer solution in removing H2S from the coal seam and measured hydraulic properties of the seam. The results of the buffer solution test were encouraging and a larger scale infusion test is planned for the H2S zone in 703 longwall panel. Corrosion Protection H2S is highly reactive and corrosive to all organic and metallic compounds. This is particularly true of Copper. H2S caused significant damage to the Copper-Tin alloy coating on chock legs at Southern and Oaky Creek collieries. Field and laboratory tests undertaken by consultants (ETRS, 1997) have shown that the coating is attacked by H2S leaving an outer coating of copper sulphide underlain by layers of tin oxide and Tin. This coating, when mixed with coal dust, forms a rough crust on chock legs. Damage to chock leg seals can be attributed to this crust. To reduce the corrosion potential, the chock legs on 702 longwall were coated with soluble oil and wrapped in plastic. This method worked well provided the wrapping remained intact. During the mining of H2S zone in 702-panel, test coupons of    copper were placed in electrical boxes in face and outbye areas. No H2S damage was recorded to coupons in flameproof enclosures on the face but minor damage was notice to one coupon in a non-flameproof outbye belt starter. MANAGEMENT PLAN AND WORKING PROCEDURES The development of management plans and safe working procedures for mining in H2S zones have evolved from initial HAZOPS and the operating experience at both mines Management Plan The primary aims of the management plans are to preserve the health and safety of those working in areas affected by H2S. In order to achieve this, the plans were designed to: · Prevent any persons from being exposed to concentrations of H2S above 10 ppm in the general body of air; · prevent the maximum concentration of H2S anywhere in the mine from exceeding 200 ppm, · protect mining equipment from H2S corrosion, and · maintain adequate production. Working Procedures The rate of cutting coal was used to control the release of H2S. When H2S levels approached 10 ppm the shearer haulage was stopped to reduce H2S emissions. Some of the procedures that were put in place to limit access to the face and reduce risk and exposure to H2S were: · All people on the face were to be located on the intake side of the shearer when the shearer was cutting, · all people inbye of the last accessible cut-through on the intake roadway were required to carry a face mask at all times, · face masks were worn by all persons on the face line when the armoured face conveyor was conveying coal and/or the shearer was cutting coal, and · personal H2S monitors were carried by the deputy, the chock operator and the shearer operator. Several alarms, both visual and audible were situated in the face area to warn when H2S was approaching predetermined levels. These alarms were set at the following levels: · The H2S monitor on the maingate drive was set to give a visible alarm at 10 ppm, · the power to shearer was cut off if the tailgate H2S monitor recorded a level of 200 ppm, and · coal cutting was stopped if the monitor in the homotropal conveyor road reached 100 ppm. Protective Equipment At both mines the personal protective equipment used consisted of full face masks fitted with a particle filter Class P3 and a Gas filter Class B2E2 which offers the highest level of protection for an apparatus of this type. A full-face mask fitted with this protection is approved for use in 100 times the TLV level or 5000ppm, which ever is the lowest. OAKY NO. 1 MINE H2S MINING EXPERIENCE H2S was encountered during the gateroad development for Longwall 8. The location of the zone was mapped from recorded values on Deputy \'s reports. Later nine boreholes were drilled from the surface to provide core to determine H2S content. The results of this analysis proved unreliable. This is now known to be due to the high desorption rate of H2S from coal and the time delay between sampling and testing. The greatest difficulty during mining through the H2S was experienced when the highest concentrations were experienced in the maingate. The immediate release of H2S from the coal being cut by the shearer as well as that being released from the breakage of coal in the BSL and crusher meant it was very difficult to maintain the gas concentration below 10ppm. A short brattice wing was erected around the top of the crusher to attempt to segregate air passing over and through the crusher from air passing along the pillar rib.    It was clear to the operators and confirmed by sampling and testing that higher concentrations of H2S were patchy. Zones along the face were high in H2S for a number of metres and then reduced to low levels. The operators were able to run the shearer faster in areas where they knew no H2S was present. Exposure to H2S was extremely variable. For example, moving from the chocks towards the face could see an increase from 5ppm to 40ppm and two people standing 5 metres apart could see 3ppm and 20ppm. Productivity in the highest concentration zone was reduced to about 30 percent of normal capacity with generally 2 to 3 shears achieved per eight-hour shift. SOUTHERN COLLIERY EXPERIENCE At Southern Colliery the workforce accepted the operating procedures, protective equipment and monitoring equipment. This was in no small part due to the previous experience of mining H2S affected coal, the training given to the workforce and the daily feedback of exposure levels and face emissions. This feedback enabled longwall operators to gain confidence in their ability to control H2S emissions. Overall productivity in the zone was reduced by about 20%. Minor amounts of H2S were recorded in outbye conveyor roadways but these were less than expected. A duct and hood arrangement was installed at the longwall conveyor transfer point as a precaution.  10  /T 20C  H S contours L/t  2  Vertical boreholes Horizontal boreholes  /T 1 5C  0  50 0 3  /T 17C  10  0  trial infusion 702  0  701  /T 20C  10  10  0  15C  all gw lon treat re  Figure 7. Predicted H2S Zone and Drillhole Location Plan in 700 Panels COMMENTS AND CONCLUSIONS The detection of H2S zones during exploration drilling has proven difficult due to the size and shape of zones. The ACARP research program includes a component to study indicators in coal that may improve detection. Drum tumbling of core or rib samples can give a good estimate of the H2S released during mining. A reliable estimate requires the results to be correlated with actual release from mining in a H2S zone in that seam and the samples must be tested on the same day that they are collected. The ACARP project is investigating the bonding between H2S and coal and release mechanisms of H2S from coal.  0  /T  10  0  20  0  0  10  20  10  20  0  0  702  /T 20 C  0  10  20  0  0  10  0  10  703  0  10  20  30  /T 15C  704    Infusion tests using parallel holes in seam and a buffer solution did reduce H2S emissions. The extent of this reduction is still being evaluated and a more extensive infusion program is planned for next panel. Atmospheric control of H2S levels by sprays has been shown to have the potential to greatly reduce H2S levels, however the chemicals used are too corrosive for the face environment. A test using buffer solution to wet coal as it entered the longwall Beam Stage Loader (BSL) gave encouraging results and this concept is being evaluated for control of H2S release for the next panel. Extensive planning and appropriate training of operators in hazard management procedures contributed greatly to the success in mining through the H2S zone. Previous experience and daily feedback enabled operators at Southern Colliery to build confidence in their ability to safely mine H2S affected coal with a productive penalty of no more than 20%. The use of homotropal ventilation of longwall conveyor and an exhausting fan duct system on BSL proved successful. The use of an electric fan and smaller duct system to replace the venturi fans is being investigated for the next panel. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The authors acknowledge the contribution made to the control and study of H2S at Oaky Creek and Southern Colliery by employees from Capcoal, Oaky Creek, Shell Coal, CSIRO and The University of Queensland and associated researchers. The opinions expressed in the paper are those of the authors and not necessarily those of these organisations. Although not referenced in text this paper is largely based on a paper by Ryan, et al (1998). REFERENCES  ELVERS, B., HAWKINGS, S., RAVENSCROFT, M. AND SCHULZ, G. 1989. Ullmann \'s Encyclopaedia of Industrial Chemistry. Vol. A13. pp. 467-485. VCH. ETRS, 1997. H2S (Hydrogen Sulphide) Corrosion and Corrosion Prevention Final Report on the Treatment Testing and Evaluation in the Mine and Laboratory, (ETRS: Brisbane). GILLIES, A.D.S., KIZIL, M.S., WU, H.W. AND BRIDE, J. 1997. Maximising Coal Production in the Presence of H2S Seam Gas. Interim Report to ACARP. Part II, Mining Report, University of Queensland, Department of Mining, Mineral and Material Engineering. Australia. GOLDING, S.D., GLIKSON, M., THIEDE, D.S, FALKNER, A.J. , BAUBLYS, K. and FREW, L. 1998. Maximising Coal Production in the Presence of H2S Seam Gas. Interim Report to ACARP. Part I, Origin and Geological Environment, University of Queensland, Australia. GRAYSON, M. AND ECKROTH, D. 1983. Encyclopaedia of Chemical Technology. Vol. 22. pp. 114-121. John Wiley & Sons. KO KO, C. and WARD, B. 1996. The Occurrence and Impact of Hydrogen Sulphide on longwall Mining at Southern Colliery, presented at Geology in Longwall Mining symposium, University of New South Wales 12-13 November. PENG, B. LI, Z, ZHANG, J, ZHANG, L, 1992. Comprehensive Prevention and Control Technology of Hydrogen Sulphide in Wuda Coal Mining area, pp 23-27 (China). PHILLIPS, R., SMITH, J.W. and BYRNES, R. 1990. Hydrogen Sulphide Gas Occurrence at Southern Colliery, Bowen Basin Symposium, pp 91-97. RYAN, M., HARVEY, T., BRIDE, J. and KIZIL, M. 1998. Report on Hydrogen Sulphide Experience at Southern Colliery. Proceedings of 1st Australasian Coal Operators Conference COAL98, 18-20 Feb 1998, pp 392-402. Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia. SMITH, J.W. AND PHILIPS, R. 1990. Isotopic Study of Coal Associated Hydrogen Sulphide. In Geochemistry of Sulfur in Fossil Fuels, Orr W.L. and White C.M. (eds). American Chemical Society Symposium Series No. 429, Ch. 28, pp. 568-574. STRANG, J. AND MACKENZIE-WOOD, P. 1990. A Manual on Mines Rescue, Safety and Gas Detection. CSM Press. TOXIGENICS, INC. 1983. 90 Day Vapor Inhalation Toxicity Study of Hydrogen Sulphide in Rats. Chemical Industry Institute of Toxicology, Research Triangle Park, N.C. U.S. Vol. 1-2.    ",297);arrFiles[20]=new Array(21,"Papers/1999/1999 - June - 8USMVS H2S handling.pdf","2006-01-05","Microsoft Word - 8USH2S99L.doc","","","Published as: A.D.S. Gillies, M.S. Kizil, Hsin Wei Wu and T.J.M. Harvey. The modelling of the occurrence of hydrogen sulphide in coal seams. Proceedings Eighth US Mine Ventilation Symposium, Society of Mining Engineers, 709-720 June 1999.  8USH2S99L.doc09/23/05 Page 1 of 13    The Modelling of the Occurrence of Hydrogen Sulphide in Coal Seams  ADS Gillies, MS Kizil and HW Wu The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072 Australia TJM Harvey Shell Coal Pty Ltd. Brisbane, QLD 4000 Australia  ABSTRACT Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) has been encountered within a number of Bowen Basin collieries, Central Queensland, Australia. High concentration occurrence during mining of a longwall panel raises a number of potential problems which demand greater understanding to allow efficient mining while maintaining safe and healthy environmental conditions. Longwall panels at Mine A and Mine B have recently mined through H2S zones. The high H2S zone mined through at Mine A was wide and covering the whole length of the face comparing to the narrow H2S zone which was cutting the panel at 45 degree at Mine B. Longwall panels had been sampled for H2S in pre-mining phases with vertical and inseam exploration boreholes and rib sampling of gateroad development headings. During mining face coal samples were collected in an intensive program and tested in a drum tumbler to determine an  indicated  seam concentration level through contouring that could be used to calculate the concentrations of H2S liberated to the atmosphere. Data was analysed to determine a geostatistical method which would best represent the  indicated  seam concentration level from the given data and the block dimension of the data set. This study discusses the different sampling methods used, selection of the most suitable geostatistical method and the impact of grid size on results of data analysis. Some general observations are made correlating  indicated  seam H2S concentrations from production face sampling with both predictions made from exploration and liberation rates during mining of the longwall panel. KEYWORDS Hydrogen Sulphide, H2S, Seam Gases, Mine Ventilation, Geostatistical Methods INTRODUCTION The occurrence of significant quantities of Hydrogen Sulphide (H2S) in coal seam gases is rare around the world. H2S has been recorded as occurring in coal seams in France, Canada, China, Russia and Australia. In Australia significant occurrences have been found in a number of mines in Queensland (Ryan, et al., 1998; Harvey, et al., 1998). Mine A and B are underground longwall operations mining the German Creek seam, the lower major economic seam of the Bowen Basin \'s Permian German Creek formation (Ko Ko and Ward, 1996). A research project examining the occurrence of H2S coal seam gas jointly funded by the Australian Coal Association Research Programme and Queensland \'s Mines A and Mine B has been undertaken with principal aims to investigate: · Occurrence of H2S, · Prediction of H2S release, · Storage mechanisms, · Mine ventilation system and control measurements, · Mining options, · · Permeability, and In seam chemical neutralisation.  The project has been staffed by a research team from the University of Queensland \'s Departments of Mining, Minerals and Materials Engineering, Earth Sciences and Chemistry (Gillies et al, 1997). This paper examines one of these areas, namely prediction of H2S release. It focuses on some aspects of sampling and geostatistical analysis undertaken while modelling the distribution of H2S seam gas within the coal seams at Mine A and Mine B. Longwall panels at Mine A and Mine B have mined through a number of H2S zones intersected by longwall panels since late 1996. The high H2S zone mined through at Mine A was wide and covering the whole length of the face comparing to the narrow H2S zone which was cutting the panel at 45 degree at Mine B. Longwall panels had been sampled for H2S in premining phases with vertical and inseam exploration boreholes and rib sampling of gateroad development headings.  8USH2S99L.doc09/23/05 Page 2 of 13    During mining face coal samples were collected in an intensive program and tested in a drum tumbler to determine an  indicated  seam concentration level through contouring that could be used to calculate the concentrations of H2S liberated to the atmosphere. Data was analysed to determine a geostatistical method which would best represent the  indicated  seam concentration level from the given data and the block dimension of the data set. This study discusses the different sampling methods used, selection of the most suitable geostatistical method and the impact of grid size on results of data analysis. Some general observations are made correlating  indicated  seam H2S concentrations from production face sampling with predictions made from exploration and with liberation rates during mining of the longwall panel. GENERAL INFORMATION ON H2S Properties of H2S H2S, which is also known as sulphuretted hydrogen or rotten egg gas has no colour but a powerful and unpleasant odour. It is liquid at high pressure and low temperature. It has a specific gravity of 1.19 and burns in air with a bright blue flame producing sulphur dioxide and water vapour. The human nose can detect concentrations as low as 0.02ppm, however increasing exposure desensitises the olfactory organ and concentration levels above 50ppm can no longer be smelt. H2S forms flammable mixtures in air in the range of 4.5-45 per cent. It is highly reactive and corrosive to all organic and metallic compounds. Occurrence of H2S H2S has been found in deposits of rock salt, sulphur, gypsum, lead, petroleum and natural gas. It is also present in the gases from many volcanoes, sulphur springs, undersea vents, swamps and stagnant bodies of water. Bacterial reduction of sulphates and bacterial decomposition of proteins form H2S (Grayson and Eckroth, 1983). Large quantities of H2S occur in natural gas deposits of France and Canada. The occurrence of fossil H2S gas in coal measure strata has been noted in France, Canada, China, Russia and Australia (Ko Ko and Ward, 1996). In a study by Smith and Philips (1990) on the sulphur isotope ratio 34S/32S, the source of coal seam H2S was proposed as a biological reduction of sulphate supplied from a marine transgression which was generated in a low iron environment and was not converted to pyrite. This allowed large quantities of H2S to react with organic matter and to be trapped within the coal seam during the maturation. Moelle (1987) (cited Phillips, et al., 1990) suggests that the occurrence of H2S in Europe was associated with sapropelic muds containing the remains of the Carboniferous plants. Recent research into the sources of H2S in coal at Mines A and B has given more weight to an organic rather than an inorganic source (Golding, et al., 1998).  Physiological Effects of H2S H2S is an extremely toxic gas and can cause death at exposures above 500 ppm. It irritates the lungs and respiratory tract and has a